Cov yam muab engineering. Heavy machinery: qhov chaw yam

Neeg kho tshuab engineering yog ib tug tseem ceeb sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws muab cov machinery thiab cov khoom siv tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag, thiab kuj ua ntau yam khoom hauv tsev uas yuav tsum tau rau cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm qhov yooj yim yam uas tso engineering thiab lawv tseem ceeb rau zus tau tej cov ntau hom ntawm cov khoom.

Neeg kho tshuab engineering - ib tug tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Neeg kho tshuab engineering nyiam ib tug commanding txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub muaj ntau lawm thiab muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov nplais ntawm nyiaj txiag kev ua si. Nws characterizes lub scientific thiab hauj theem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws cov defenses. Nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws, engineering crouches nyob ib ncig ntawm 35% ntawm tag nrho cov domestic khoom. Ib tug feature tshwj xeeb ntawm engineering khoom nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws yog ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws zoo thiab nws competitiveness.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg engineering complex thiab nws cov nta

Neeg kho tshuab engineering muaj ib tug es nyuab qauv thiab muaj ntau tshaj li 70 txawv industries. Nws lub ntsiab qhov chaw yog xam tau tias yog electronics, robotics, thauj thiab ua liaj ua teb machinery, tshuab cov cuab yeej, cov raug kev aircraft, locomotives thiab wagons.

Tshuab-tsev complex muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb nta uas cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ntawm lub peev xwm ntau. Ua ntej, qhov kev lag luam yog tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm specialization (chaw tsim tshuaj paus ua ib hom ntawm cov khoom) thiab kev koom tes (thaum ob peb tuam txhab uas muag ua hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov khoom). Secondly, muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev tso kawm ntawm mechanical engineering. Nyob rau hauv lub specialization ntawm kev lag luam, lawv ua ke tej zaum yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb cog ua tiav lawm cov tsheb, tab sis nws cov siv Cheebtsam uas yog muas los ntawm lwm qhauj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso kawm tsheb engineering yog ib tug zoo-tsim kev thauj mus los network.

Cov yam muab ceg ntawm engineering

Economists tau pom cov ntsiab yam tseem ceeb uas ho muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov kev tso kawm ntawm mechanical engineering:

• hlau noj;
• human resources;
• raw khoom puag;
• kev tshawb fawb siv;
• spatial concentration;
• neeg tau.

Zoo tag nrho cov ceg yog lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb ntawm mechanical engineering kev tso kawm raws li kev tshawb fawb kev siv thiab ua hauj lwm. Qhov ratio thiab tus nqi ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb rau txhua tus zoo ntawm engineering tej zaum yuav txawv ho. Piv txwv li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub agricultural complex nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev thov rau zemleobrabatyvayuschee khoom. Yog li, muaj ib tug xav los nthuav lub agricultural machinery. Cov yam muab high-tech lag luam (electronics, computers) yog txo kom cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug txaus pes tsawg tus uas tsim nyog cov tub txawg thiab muaj lub sij hawm mus nqa tawm kev sim kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Ib suam ntawm engineering industries

Cov tib yam engineering kev tso kawm rau ib txhia cov lag luam tej zaum yuav xaiv yaam tseem ceeb, thiab lwm leej lwm tus muaj kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog me ntsis. Raws li txoj ntsiab cai no, economists muab faib cov machinery kev lag luam hauv peb pawg neeg: hnyav, qhov nruab nrab thiab tag nrho.

hnyav engineering

no hom ntawm engineering kev lag luam yog yus muaj los ntawm nqi siab ntawm cov hlau thiab ib tug me me complexity. Cov muaj xws li cov siv thiab ua cov khoom tuav, tsuas, metallurgical thiab tsuas khoom, hnyav machinery, locomotives thiab tsheb, loj ships. Tag nrho cov qhov chaw hauv lub complex yog ib tug hnyav machinery. Cov yam muab ntawm tej qhauj - raw khoom puag thiab tus neeg. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov nqi ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog los ntawm 40 mus rau 80%. Vim li no, lawv yuav muab tso ze ntawm lub metallurgical qhauj thiab kev lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv hnyav engineering industries occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw hwj chim engineering, uas ua rau generators, chav turbines, boilers, xyaw rau dej thiab lub hiav txwv cov hlab ntsha. Tuam txhab uas muag xws chaw mas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog zoo-tsim tshuab-tsev complex, qhov twg heev tsim nyog cov neeg ua haujlwm ua hauj lwm. Txoj ntsiab cai tib yog tsim zus tau tej cov forging khoom thiab hnyav machinery. Feem ntau, cov kev thaij tsim me me nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub tshuab-tsev qhauj ntawm lub teb chaws los yog txawv teb chaws counterparties.

Los ze zog mus rau lub neeg muab tso rau xws thauj tshuab lub tsev lag luam, raws li zus tau tej cov hluav taws xob thiab diesel locomotives, phab xis thiab ships. Yog li ntawd, shipbuilding nyhav mus rau hiav txwv ports, txawm hais tias cov kev lag luam muaj ib co teeb meem. Qhov tseeb yog tias tshwj xeeb cov khoom yuav tsum tau rau kev tsim kho ntawm niaj hnub ships. Yog li ntawd, shipbuilding yog lub koom haum rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm co-lag luam nrog lwm tuam txhab uas muag uas muab qhov chaw, accessories, thiab txawm npaj ua khej ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Middle machinery

Lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb ntawm no pab pawg neeg kev pab engineering - kev txawj ntse thiab lub zog. Nws yuav zus tau tej cov ib tug tsis tshua muaj hlau cov ntsiab lus thiab ib tug ntau dua yuav tsum tau rau manpower.

Cov pab pawg neeg muaj Medium Tshuab tsev tuam txhab, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug nqaim specialization thiab yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub mov ntawm co-operative qhauj. Piv txwv li, zus tau tej cov khoom siv rau lub printing, khoom noj khoom haus thiab lub teeb kev lag luam. Lub ntsiab ceg ntawm Medium Tshuab yog ib tug ntau lawm lub tsheb. Qhov no kev lag luam kuj manufactures motors, bearings, hluav taws xob thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

general machinery

Qhov no engineering pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov tuam txhab uas paub txhij txhua nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov machinery thiab hauj cov khoom rau cov tshuaj, cov roj thiab cav ntoo industries. Nws kuj muaj xws li cov nroj tsuag uas tsim tsheb thiab tej hom ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov cav tov. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm no hom ntawm ntau lawm nqi loj tshaj ib feem ntawm tus nqi ua hauj lwm txhua lub hlis them nyiaj (30%), cov seem nqi - raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog. Yog li, qhov kev tso kawm ntawm tus qhauj ntawm no pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub neeg zoo tshaj, ciaj uas muag thiab ua hauj lwm.

Piv txwv li, xav txog lub ua liaj ua teb engineering. Cov yam muab qhov kev lag luam - neeg thov, raw cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug tsim thauj sib txuas. Xub nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ua liaj ua teb engineering yog tus neeg zoo tshaj. Nws yog los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov kev thov rau tractors, combines thiab lwm yam ua liaj ua teb cov cav tov nyob ntawm seb lub ntim thiab scale ntawm ntau lawm.

engineering Geography

Yam kev tso kawm engineering qhauj ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kev tuav nyiaj txiaj ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws, nrog rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no geography. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm Canada, Argentina, ib feem ntawm teb chaws Australia, ib co US hais rau centuries paub ua liaj ua teb chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw muaj yog ib tug siab thov rau ua liaj ua teb cov khoom thiab machinery. Ib tug ceev ceev rejuvenation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv ntau teb chaws Es Xias ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau qhov kev tso kawm rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Enterprises, specializing nyob rau hauv cov khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab electronics.