Cov tsab ntawv "d": ib qho nyuaj los yog mos? Phonetic tsom xam ntawm kev hais lus

Cov tsab ntawv "d": ib qho nyuaj los yog mos? Lo lus nug no yog feem ntau hais los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas yuav tsum to taub cov lus raws li cov kev cai ntawm phonetics. Lo lus teb rau koj tau txais ib me ntsis ntxiv.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog dab tsi yog tsab ntawv "d" (mos los yog tsis), koj yuav tsum paub yog vim li cas cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv general yog muab faib rau thaj av xws li.

Qhov tseeb hais tias txhua lo lus nws muaj nws tus kheej lub suab lub hnab ntawv, uas yog ua los ntawm ib tug neeg lub suab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub suab ntawm ib tug puv qhia correlates nrog nws tus nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lus sib txawv thiab lawv cov ntawv txawv kiag li lub suab los. Thiab cov suab lawv tus kheej tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los, lawv ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Tseeb, ua tsaug rau lawv, peb yuav tau yooj yim qhov txawv cov lus. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv:

• [Tsev] - [dama '] - [do'ma];
• [M'el] - [m'el '], [Volume] - [muaj], [tsev] - [tias].

transcription

Yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau ntaub ntawv txog dab tsi yog tsab ntawv "d" (nyuaj los yog mos)? Thaum lub sij hawm lub phonetic tsom xam ntawm kev hais lus nws tseem ceeb heev kom raug tso saib lub transcription, uas qhia txog nws lub suab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system nws yog ib qho siv cov nram qab no cov cim:

[] - qhov no los hu ua nkhaus. Lawv twv yuav raug hu muab txhais transcription.

[ '] - nws yog ib qhov luag Iwm haiv neeg. Nws muab tso rau, yog tias ib lo lus muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub suab.

[B] - ib yam ntawm cov tsis nco qab tom ntej no mus rau tsab ntawv thiab qhia nws cov softness.

Incidentally, thaum lub sij hawm phonetic tsom xam cov lus feem ntau siv, thiab tom ntej no cim - [j]. Feem ntau, lawv sawv cev rau lub suab ntawm cov tsab ntawv "d" (tej zaum kuj siv thiab xws li cim raws li [d]).

Cov tsab ntawv "d": tsiaj ntawv los yog ib tug cim?

Raws li yog lub npe hu, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, tag nrho cov suab yog muab faib ua consonants thiab niam. Lawv yog cov sib txawv kiag li ntaus nqi thiab cov lus hais rau.

• Cim suab - cov no yog cov suab thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm uas cov huab cua kis dawb do thiab yooj yim los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, tsis muaj encountering rau nws txoj kev twg obstacles. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj peev xwm rub, siv lawv muaj peev xwm qw. Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau ib txhais tes rau nws lub caj pas, ces ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub ligaments (suab) thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm niam yuav ua tau heev yooj yim mus xav. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus muaj 6 nyuab siab ntawv niam, namely [ib tug], [e], [v], [s], [o] thiab [u].
• Consonants - cov suab nyob rau hauv lub hais cov huab cua nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev raws li ib qho chaw khuam, namely tus hneev los yog keej. Lawv zoo li txiav txim rau qhov xwm suab. Feem ntau, cov kis yog tsim thaum pronouncing [ib tug], [u], [h] thiab [x]. Thaum zoo li no cov lus nyiaj txoj kev sab sauv los yog tsawg hniav. Nthuav consonants yuav raug rho (e.g., [x-x-x], [z-z-z]). Raws li rau qhov nyiaj, xws li ib tug teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm lub kaw ntawm tus kabmob ntawm kev hais lus. Cua, los yog es nws khiav dramatically overcomes nws, yog li ntawd lub suab yog nquag thiab cos. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog hu ua heev. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv yuav tsis rub (sim rau koj tus kheej: [p] [b], [t], [d]).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov consonants, muaj cov nram qab no nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus: [m], [d], [ib tug], [f], [g], [n] [p], [h] [p], [x] . Raws li koj tau pom, muaj ntau ntau yam ntau tshaj li qhov ntawv niam.

Voiced thiab voiceless suab

Qhov ratio ntawm lub suab thiab cov suab nrov consonants yuav tsum yog voiced los yog voiceless. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm lub voiced suab thiab lub suab nrov thiab lub suab thiab cov neeg lag ntseg - tsuas yog suab nrov.

Incidentally, ntau consonants tsim ib tug ntawm khub ntawm voicelessness thiab voicing: [a] - [g], [b] - [n] [z] - [c], [d] - [m] [p] - [nyob rau hauv] thiab lwm tus neeg. nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab lus 11 xws officers. Txawm li cas los, muaj suab uas tsis muaj officers ntawm no lub hauv paus. Cov muaj xws li: lub [th] [p] [n] [l] [m] - yog unmatched hu, thiab [h] thiab [i] - yog unmatched lag ntseg.

Mos thiab nyuaj consonants

Raws li yog lub npe hu, lub consonants txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sonority, los yog, conversely, voicelessness, tab sis kuj softness thiab hardness. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog ib tug thib ob overriding attribute suab.

Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "d": ib qho nyuaj los yog mos? Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug no, peb yuav tsum xav txog txhua feature nyias:

• Thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm mos consonants tag nrho cov lus yog txav me ntsis pem hauv ntej, thiab nws nruab nrab feem yog ib nyuag tsa.
• Thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm hard consonants tag nrho cov lus cia rho rov qab.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau ntawm cov consonants tsim nruab nrab ntawm lawv ib tug khub ntawm xws ntxwv raws li hardness thiab softness :. [D] - [g], [n] - [n '], thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog 15 ntawm xws officers. Txawm li cas los, muaj suab uas tsis muaj officers ntawm no lub hauv paus. Yuav ua li cas yog cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm ib qho nyuaj consonants yog unpaired? Cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau nws - [w], [x] thiab [y]. Raws li rau lub khib mos mos, nws [u '], [h'] thiab [D '].

Cov ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv

Tam sim no koj paub cov ntaub ntawv uas cov tsab ntawv "d" nyuaj los yog mos. Tab sis qhov no seb puas tsimnyog tau ib tug tshiab lo lus nug: "Raws li tau hais los ntawm lub softness ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv?" Ua li no, siv sib txawv heev txoj kev:

• Cov tsab ntawv "e", "w", "e", "kuv" tom qab tsiaj ntawv (tsuas yog "g", "m" thiab "n") qhia hais tias cov consonants mos mos. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv: dya'dya - [d'a'd'a] phauj - [t'o't'a].
• Cov tsab ntawv "i" uas raws li cov tsiaj ntawv (tsuas yog "g", "m" thiab "n") ntawd hais tias cov consonants mos mos. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv: mi'ly - [m'i'ly '] Sheet - [l'ist] ni'tki - [n'i'tk'i].
• Mos kos npe rau ( "s") tom qab consonants (tshwj tsis yog rau "w" thiab "w") yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub grammatical daim ntawv. Nws kuj qhia tau hais tias consonants mos mos. Piv txwv Piv txwv li: dal - [muab '] tso tseg - [m'el'] thov - [proz'ba].

Raws li koj tau pom, lub softness ntawm consonants nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv kis tsis ib tug neeg cov tsiaj ntawv thiab lawv ob peb ua ke nrog niam "e", "w", "e", "kuv" thiab cov mos mos kos npe rau. Uas yog vim li cas lub phonetic tsom xam cov lus, kws txawj pom zoo them sai sai mus nyob ib sab cim.

Raws li rau lub cim "th", nws yog ib txwm mos. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nyob rau hauv nws cov transcription yuav xaiv raws li nram no: [D ']. Uas yog ib tug tsis nco qab, cim tias seb thaum lub softness ntawm lub suab, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Ua raws li tus tib txoj cai, thiab [w '], [y'].

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug

Raws li koj tau pom, muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim ua kom lub phonetic tsom xam ntawm ib lo lus. Ua li no, cia li yuav tsum tau paub dab tsi lub niam thiab consonants, voiced thiab voiceless, raws li zoo raws li mos mos thiab nyuaj. Rau ib tug zoo kev nkag siab ntawm yuav ua li cas ua lub transcription, peb muab ib co ncauj lus kom ntxaws piv txwv.

1. Lo lus "hero." Nws muaj ob lub suab, thiab lub thib ob yog ib lub poob siab. Koj tus tsom xam:

r - [g] - voiced tsiaj ntawv thiab mos mos.

e - [thiab] - unstressed ntawv niam.

p - [pi] - voiced tsiaj ntawv, thiab unpaired khoom.

txog - [rau] - nyuab siab ntawv niam.

th - [D '] - voiced tsiaj ntawv, khib thiab bland.

Tag nrho: 5 cim thiab 5 tones.

2. Lo lus "tsob ntoo." Nws muaj peb lub suab, thiab lub thib ob yog ib lub poob siab. Koj tus tsom xam:

thiab lwm yam - [d '] - voiced tsiaj ntawv thiab mos mos.

e - [thiab] - unstressed ntawv niam.

p - [p '] - voiced tsiaj ntawv, khib thiab bland.

e - [e '] - nyuab siab ntawv niam.

nyob rau hauv - [nyob rau hauv '] - voiced tsiaj ntawv thiab mos

s - [-]

e - [D '] - voiced tsiaj ntawv, neeg loj leeb thiab mos mos, thiab [e] - cim, unstressed;

rau - [f] - voiceless tsiaj ntawv doubles thiab khoom.

Tag nrho: 8 8 tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab.