"Cov neeg nyob rau sab saum toj tsis tau, tsis xav kom cov sab kawm ntawv": Lenin lub tswv yim ntawm Revolution

"Cov neeg nyob rau sab saum toj tsis tau qis kawm ntawv tsis xav kom" - paub qhia uas belongs rau Lenin, uas nws xaiv ib tug revolutionary teeb meem nyob rau hauv zej zog, thaum twg, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yog siav tag nrho cov tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau ib tug coup d'état thiab lub overthrow ntawm qhov kev txiav txim regime. Qhov no tswv yim sib cav npaum li cas los ntawm nws successors, thiab nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, mus rau hauv tag nrho cov kev qhia pab rau cov keeb kwm thiab kev sciences. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, cov kev qhia no kuj fwm, txawm hais tias twb tau muab siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ib tug kev socio-thoj teeb meem no.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hnub nyoog

Cov kab lus "sab sauv chav kawm tsis tau, tsis xav kom cov sab kawm ntawv" twb xub ua nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Lenin "Mayevka revolutionary proletariat" nyob rau hauv 1913. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws twb yuav los ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntawm nyiaj txiag, muaj expansion, thiab mus rau lub hais tias xyoo no, yog cov ua lub ntiaj teb no lub hwj chim nyob muaj ntau lawm. Txawm li cas los, nws thoob ntiaj teb txoj hauj lwm yog ib yam nyuaj heev vim hais tias ntawm lub ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog nyob rau hauv uas peb lub teb chaws tau ua tsis tau tejyam thiab poob ib feem ntawm Sakhalin Island, uas tshwm sim los rau pej xeem discontent. Yog li ntawd, cov lus "lub sab sauv chav kawm tsis tau, tsis xav kom cov sab kev kawm ntawv," Lenin, tej zaum xav qhia lub tense teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub zej zog thiab nyob rau hauv lub qaum voj voog ntawm lub hwj chim.

qhia

Qhov saum toj no hais yog zoo txuas nrog rau txoj kev lawv lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev cai, ib tug kiv puag ncig yog tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nram no peb tus neeg mob: thaum cov tub ceev xwm, tsoom fwv yog tsis muaj peev xwm los tswj lub qub system, haiv neeg yog nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj kev nyuaj siab hauv lub xeev thiab tsis ntshaw kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws qhov teeb meem, thiab thaum kawg, thaum cov neeg tau mus npaj thiab ua massively tiv thaiv cov uas twb muaj lawm system. Lub tswv yim hais tias "lub qaum kawm ntawv tsis tau, tsis xav kom cov sab kawm ntawv", qhia los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm kev sib tham txog cov revolutionary teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub lwm tus ua hauj lwm, hu ua "Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub II International" (1915). Nws yog ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws, uas koom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv, uas coj mus rau lub aggravation ntawm lub socio-thoj teeb meem thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov fab ntxeev sentiment.

Nyob rau lub ntsoog

Lenin kuj formulated lub tswv yim hais tias ib tug kiv puag ncig yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm ib tug loj thiab sib sib zog nqus tsoom fwv ntsoog. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub masses yuav tsum tau ib lub koom haum revolutionary tog uas yuav coj cov coj noj coj ntawm lub zog. Raws li nws, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb subjective yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau ib tug muaj kev vam meej coup.

txog kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Lenin ntseeg tias tsuas yog txoj kev tawm ntawm lub ntsoog twb yuav tsum tau ib tug bourgeois-kev ywj pheej kiv puag ncig. "... Yav toj txiav, bottoms tsis xav" - ib tug kab lus hais tias yog nyob rau hauv compressed daim ntawv qhia qhov yooj yim lub tswvyim ntawm nws tej lus qhia. Txawm li cas los, nws ntseeg hais tias yog vim li cas rau tag nrho cov no yog cov sib sib zog nqus socio-economic tom qab, rooted nyob rau hauv qhuav lub hauv paus. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Lenin, nyob rau hauv ob peb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub loj hlob ntawm Capitalism nyob rau hauv Russia", hais tias peb lub teb chaws lawm thaum kawg tsim lub capitalist hom kev ntau lawm. Raws li nws, tsoom fwv tau nkag mus rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws theem ntawm capitalism - imperialism uas hais tias Lenin mus rau, txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws analyzed nyob rau hauv kom meej lub internal ua lag luam, division ntawm ua hauj lwm thiab khoom ntau lawm, uas coj nws thiaj li los capitalism. Tus tam sim no qhov teeb meem, uas yog lub tseem fwv ntsoog thiab cov impoverishment ntawm cov neeg vim hais tias ntawm nws cov lag luam, tau coj mus rau lub fact tias "lub sab sauv chav kawm tsis tau, thiab lub qis kawm ntawv tsis xav kom" muab tso rau mus nrog tus txheej xwm quo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no teeb meem, tus sau pom ib tug loj premise ntawm tau ntawm ib tug coup.

Piv nrog rau lwm cov lus qhia

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias Lenin tsim cov tswv yim ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum Russia muaj thiab lwm yam socio-thoj cov kev taw qhia, los yog vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, lub Narodniks khav tias capitalism yog tsis tsim nyog rau cov tim teb chaws Ottoman lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag, thiab tham txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm me me-scale lawm. Lenin, on qhov tsis tooj, sib cav hais tias capitalism yog inevitable, hais tias nws lawm evolved los ntawm khoom ntau lawm, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv los ntawm lub social faib ntawm txoj hauj lwm. Nws kuj kiag coj lub Marxist lus qhuab qhia ntawm txom nyem formations, uas yuav qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug teeb meem ntawm cov tsim rog thiab ntau lawm kev sib raug zoo uas preconditions rau lub kiv puag ncig. Nws yog lub tswv yim no concisely qhia cov ntaub ntawv "rau hauv lub chav kawm tsis tau, tsis xav kom cov sab kawm ntawv."

Lenin nrhiav los ua pov thawj hais tias Russia yog ripe nyob rau hauv ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no, thiab hais tias ib tug kiv puag ncig yog tau nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Bolshevik tog. Cov lus qhuab qhia tom qab paub tias nws los ntawm cov nom thiab pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm.