Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: interesting tseeb

Omar Khayyam, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, tau yug los nyob rau hauv Nishapur May 18, 1048. Nishapur yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Iran, nyob rau hauv cov kev cai xeev ntawm Khorasan. Qhov no lub nroog yog qhov chaw uas tus ncaj ncees sib sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg los ntawm txawv cov cheeb tsam ntawm Iran thiab txawm los ntawm neighboring lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Nishapur yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab kev cai chaw ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Iran. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog txij thaum lub xyoo pua 11th ua madrasas - cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab theem nrab hom. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv nws kawm thiab Omar Khayyam.

Biography nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yuav txhais cov lus kom zoo npe. Tej zaum, li cas los xij, tus neeg nyeem yog yuav tsum tau thiab cov kawm lus Askiv version, piv txwv li, thaum koj yuav tau mus nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Yuav ua li cas yuav txhais: "Omar Khayyam: A Biography"? "Omar Khayyam: biography" - qhov tseeb version.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas Khayyam

Tu siab, cov lus qhia txog lawv yog tsis txaus, li ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej ntawm ntau nto moo neeg ntawm ancient sij hawm. Biography ntawm Omar Khayyam nyob rau hauv thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas cim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws nyob rau hauv Nishapur. Yog tsis muaj cov lus qhia txog nws tsev neeg. Npe menyuam yaus Khayyam, raws li koj paub, txhais tau tias "lub tsev ntaub master", "pw". Qhov no pub rau kev soj ntsuam yuav ua rau cov assumption tias nws txiv yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv tes voj voog. Cov tsev neeg, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, muaj cov txhais tau tias txaus muab nws tus tub ib tug dlej kev kawm ntawv.

Kev Kawm Ntawv cim nws tom qab lub neej. Omar Khayyam thawj kawm science nyob rau hauv madrasas Nishapur, uas thaum lub sij hawm hu ua ib tug aristocratic lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas npaj rau cov pej xeem kev pab cuam ntawm siab ua hauj lwm. Tom qab ntawd Omar hais ntxiv nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Samarkand thiab Balkh.

Paub tau Khayyam

Nws muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab caij nyoog sciences: geometry, kev kawm txog zauv, astronomy, physics. Omar kuj hais kawm keeb kwm, koranovedenie, theosophy, philosophy thiab teem ntawm philological sciences, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm kev kawm ntawv thaum lub sij hawm. Nws paub tias Arabic ntaub ntawv, txawj nyob rau hauv Arabic, thiab paub cov qauv rau kev versification. Omar yog txawj nyob rau hauv kev kho neeg mob thiab astrology, thiab kawm txog music theory.

Khayyam txig paub lub Kaulees los ntawm lub plawv, kuv yuav txhais nqe. Yog li ntawd, txawm lub feem ntau tseem ceeb theologians ntawm lub East appealed rau Omar rau tswv yim. Nws lub tswv yim, li cas los xij, twb tsis nkag mus rau hauv Islam nyob rau hauv nws cov orthodox kev txiav txim zoo.

Tus thawj discoveries nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev kawm txog zauv

Tus thawj discoveries nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv cim nws tom qab lub neej. Omar Khayyam ua li no science lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25, nws ua rau cov thawj foundations nyob rau hauv kev kawm lej. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th nws luam tawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no science, uas theem nws koob meej raws li ib tug zoo heev paub txog. Patronage rulers pib muab nws tiv thaiv.

Lub neej ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Hakan Shams al-Mulk

Lub rulers ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th sib nrog txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov splendor ntawm lub suite. Lawv ntxias educated courtiers. Qhov tseem influential tsuas demanded mus rau lub tsev hais plaub los ua nto moo paj huam thiab kws tshawb fawb. Tsis spared no txoj hmoo thiab Omar. Service ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab tau txais nws biography.

Omar Khayyam, thawj coj nws scientific hauj lwm nyob rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tub huabtais Hakan Shams al-Mulk, nyob rau hauv Bukhara. Raws li cov chronicler ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, Bukhara kav ncig lub Honor ntawm Omar thiab txawm muab nws nyob rau lub zwm txwv ntawm ib sab nws.

Caw kom Isfahan

By lub sij hawm no nws tau zus thiab tsim lub Great Seljuk faj tim teb chaws. Tugulbek, lub Seljuk kav, nyob rau hauv 1055 tau kov yeej Baghdad. Nws tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej yog tus uas kav ntawm tus tshiab faj tim teb chaws, Sultan. Caliph poob hwj chim thiab nws cim ib qho era ntawm kev loj hlob, hu ua lub Eastern Renaissance.

Cov txheej xwm cuam tshuam rau txoj hmoo ntawm Omar Khayyam. Tshiab lub sij hawm tseem nws biography. Omar Khayyam nyob rau hauv 1074 nws tau caw mus rau lub muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev hais plaub ua hauj lwm hauv lub nroog ntawm Isfahan. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov kev cai ntawm Sultan Malik Shah. Xyoo no cim pib ntawm ib tug 20-xyoo lub sij hawm ntawm nws fruitful scientific kev ua ub no, tau tau uas muab ci ntsa iab. Thaum lub sij hawm no hauv lub nroog ntawm Isfahan yog lub peev ntawm lub Seljuk lub hwj chim, uas ncav us txog ntawm lub Mediterranean rau tus ciam teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Lub neej ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Malik Shah

Omar los ua ib tug mus saib xyuas kwv tus poj sultan. Raws li Legend, Nizam al-Mulk txawm muab nws tswj Nishapur thiab cov cheeb tsam surrounding. Omar hais tias nws yuav tsis txwv tsis pub thiab enjoin li yog tsim nyog rau cov kev tswj ntawm cov neeg. Cov Sultan tsa nws ib cov nyiaj hli ntawm 10 txhiab. Kub dinar ib xyoo (ib tug lossis loj sum) rau Khayyam yuav dawb do koom nyob rau hauv kev kawm.

tswj Observatory

Khayyam raug caw mus tswj lub palace observatory. Sultan tau sau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm astronomers ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab faib loj sums rau lub purchase ntawm kim khoom. neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim ib tug tshiab daim ntawv qhia hnub tau raug muab tso nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Omar. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab Iran nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ob systems: lub hnub ci thiab daim daim qhia hnub hli. Ob leeg twb zoo meej. Los ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 1079 qhov teeb meem twb daws. Khayyam npaj daim ntawv qhia hnub yog 7 seconds caij nyoog cov kauj ruam hnub no Gregorian (tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th)!

Omar Khayyam coj lub observatory astronomical tswvyim. Nyob rau hauv nws era ntawm astronomy nws twb zoo txuas rau astrology, uas nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog ib tug science ntawm cov tswv yim yuav tsum muaj. Thiab Omar yog ib feem ntawm lub retinue ntawm Malik Shah raws li nws pab tswv yim thiab astrologer. Nws lub koob meej raws li ib tug pom yav tom ntej yog zoo kawg thiab.

Tshiab kho nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv

Thaum lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv Isfahan, Omar Khayyam twb tseem koom nyob rau hauv kev kawm lej. Nyob rau hauv 1077, nws tsim duab ua hauj lwm mob siab rau rau tus txhais lus los ntawm nyuaj Euclid. Nws xub muab ib tug exhaustive kev faib ntawm lub ntsiab hom kev sib npaug - nyhav, square, linear (tag nrho cov 25 hom), thiab tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm kev daws nyhav sib npaug. Nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej tsa cov lus nug txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm science ntawm geometry uas algebra.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm Khayyam phau ntawv twb tsis paub hais tias mus nyob sab Europe zaum uas tsim uas tsis yog-Euclidean geometry thiab ib tug tshiab ntau dua algebra. Thiab lawv yuav tsum tau rov ib tug ntev txoj kev uas ntev mus thiab hais tias 5-6 centuries ua ntej lawv twb raug nteg Khayyam.

philosophy cov chav kawm

Khayyam twb tseem koom nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm philosophy, kawm scientific cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Avicenna. Nws txhais mus rau hauv Persian los ntawm Arabic, ib co ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, qhia innovation, txij li thaum lub sij hawm no lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lus ntawm science ua si Arabic.

Tus thawj philosophical treatise nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1080 ( "treatise rau lub hav zoov thiab yuav tsum"). Khayyam hais tias nws yog ib tug follower ntawm Avicenna, thiab qhia kev xav txog Islam los ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj aristotelianstva. Omar, paub lub neej ntawm Vajtswv raws li lub hauv paus ua rau ntawm tej yam uas, sib cav hais tias cov kev txiav txim ntawm tej yam uas yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm qhov, nws yog tsis yog tshwm sim ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev txawj ntse. Cov views xav tsis pom zoo nrog Muslim dogma. Nyob rau hauv lub treatise lawv raug teem tawm concisely thiab nrog restraint, Aesopian lus allusions thiab innuendo. Ntau npaum li cas ua siab loj, tej zaum kuj ua siab loj defiant, anti-Islamic sentiments qhia nyob rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm Omar Khayyam.

Biography: Kwv huam Khayyam

Cov kwv huam nws sau xwb Rubaie, piv txwv li quatrains, nyob rau hauv uas rhymed 1, 2, 4, los yog tag nrho plaub stanzas. Nws tsim lawv rau ib tug lub neej. Khayyam tsis tau sau laudatory Odes rulers. Rubaie loj hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov paj huam yog tsis, raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug, Omar Khayyam twb tsis lees paub los ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Thiab nws tsis muab ntau npaum li cas tseem ceeb rau lawv cov kwv huam. Lawv nyob yuav offhand, casually.

Omar thawv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub

Qhov kawg ntawm 1092 nws tsoo ib tug 20-xyoo nyob ntsiag to lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Malik Shah. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub sultan tuag nyob rau hauv tsis meej tshwm sim. Thiab Nizam al-Mulk assassinated ib lub hlis ua ntej lawm. Cov kev tuag ntawm ob haivneeg Khayyam lub medieval chaw ntaus nqi mus rau Ismailis, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev cai dab qhuas-nom tswv zog qhia tiv thaiv cov Turkish nobility. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Malik Shah, lawv terrorized Isfahan paub. Kev nruj kev tsiv thiab denunciations yug ntshai nyab lub nroog tua neeg paub tsis meej. Ib tug nriaj rau lub hwj chim pib crumble zoo faj tim teb chaws.

Qub thiab qhov teeb meem no ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tus poj ntsuam ntawm Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. Tus poj niam tsis cia siab rau approximate Nizam al-Mulk. Omar Khayyam tau ua hauj lwm rau tej lub sij hawm thaum lub observatory, tab sis tsis tau txais yav dhau los cov ntsiab lus, tsis muaj kev pab txhawb nqa. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug kws kho mob thiab astrologer ntawm Turkan Khatun.

Raws li lub tsev hais plaub ua hauj lwm twb txiav luv luv Khayyam

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas wrecked nws lub tsev hais plaub ua hauj lwm, tau tam sim no los ua ib tug phau ntawv nyeem. Nws belongs rau 1097. Sanjar, tus yau tus tub ntawm Malik Shah, ib zaug muaj ntawv cog lus chicken pox, thiab Khayyam, uas kho nws, mej qhia tsis ntseeg hais tias cov 11-xyoo-laus tub yuav rov qab. Maus taus hais lus tau hnov los ntawm ib tug tub qhe, thiab pauv cov neeg mob mus rau lub txais. Leej twg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej sultan, uas kav los ntawm 1118 los ntawm 1157 lub Seljuk lub xeev, Sanjar tag nrho nws lub neej harbored ua siab phem rau Khayyam.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Malik Shah Isfahan poob hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab scientific chaw thiab muaj koob muaj npe chaw nyob. Derelict thiab nyob rau hauv hnub kawg, tus observatory, thiab lub peev twb tau tsiv mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Merv (Khorasan) kaw. Omar sab laug lub tsev hais plaub mus ib txhis, rov qab mus rau Nishapur.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv Nishapur

Ntawm no nws nyob kom txog rau thaum nws tuag, tsuas yog qee tawm hauv lub nroog mus xyuas Balkh thiab Bukhara. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua ib tug ntev pilgrimage mus rau lub Muslim tej chaw dawb huv nyob rau hauv Mecca. Khayyam qhia nyob rau hauv madrasas Nishapur. Nws muaj ib tug me me lub vajvoog ntawm cov thwjtim. Tej zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij tus paub txog uas nrhiav ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub scientific sib cav tswv yim.

Qhov kawg lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej yog ib yam nyuaj heev, yog txuam nrog deprivation thiab anguish uas tau raug generated los ntawm ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig nyob ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv Nishapur xyoo koob meej Omar li cov astronomer thiab mathematician ntxiv hwjchim ci ntsa iab qhov yuam kev thiab freethinker. Npau taws ntawm adherents ntawm Islam hu ua nws philosophical views.

Kev thiab philosophical cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Khayyam

Biography ntawm Omar Khayyam (luv luv) yuav tsis tham nyob rau hauv kom meej txog nws ua hauj lwm. Peb nco ntsoov tsuas yog hais tias nws me me scientific thiab philosophical cuab yeej cuab tam. Tsis zoo li Avicenna, nws predecessor, Khayyam tsis tau tsim ib tug coherent philosophical system. Nws treatises txog xwb rau qhov ib tug neeg cov lus nug ntawm philosophy, txawm hais tias tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ib qho kev thov los ntawm lub secular los yog sab ntsuj plig chaw. Nws twb dim tsuas 5 philosophical sau Omar. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov cos, nyuag, tej zaum siv ob peb nplooj ntawv.

Cov pilgrimage rau Mecca, thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv lub zos

Tom qab ib co sij hawm, ib tug kev sib tsoo nrog cov txiv plig los ua kom txaus ntshai uas Khayyam twb yuam kom ib tug yooj yim thiab ntev pilgrimage rau Mecca (nyob rau hauv lub twb cov neeg laus xyoo). Nyob rau hauv no era ntawm cov lus mus rau lub chaw dawb huv tej zaum nws ntawd kub ntev li rau lub xyoo. Omar nyob rau tej lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Baghdad. Qhia nws biography nws twb tau featured nyob rau hauv Nizamiyya.

Omar Khayyam, txog uas nws lub neej peb paub, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj ntau, rov qab los tsev, nws pib nyob rau hauv ib lub zos nyob ze Nishapur nyob rau hauv ib tug secluded tsev. Raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm lub medieval biographers, nws yog tsis muaj txij nkawm thiab cov me nyuam nws muaj tsis tau. Nws nyob kaw nyob rau hauv qhov kev phom sij vim hais tias ntawm lub sijhawm twg los thiab kev tsim txom.

Raws li kuv tau siv lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Omar Khayyam

Luv biography nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawm tus paub txog, philosopher thiab kws sau paj lug, yog sau los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm tus sau phau ntawv. Tag nrho cov qhov chaw pom zoo hais tias lub xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev tuag yog tsis precisely paub. Qhov tseem yuav hnub yog xav tau nws nyob rau hauv 1123. Los ntawm cov chaw ntawm tus 12th cov xyoo pua tuaj rau peb zaj dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas Khayyam siv lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej. Zaj dab neeg no twb tau hnov los ntawm nws cov txheeb ze, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. Nyob rau hnub no, Omar ua tib zoo kawm "Phau Ntawv Zoo" sau los ntawm Avicenna. Ncav lub "hluas thiab ntau yam" Hayam muab tso rau lub pas dig hniav ntawm cov ntawv txheeb thiab nug rau txoj cai neeg mus ua nws lub siab nyiam. Omar yeej tsis noj mov los yog haus dej haus txhua hnub. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo tas los thov Vajtswv, nws txawm nyo mus rau hauv av nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj. Ces, Khayyam hais tias, xa mus rau Vajtswv, hais tias nws paub ntau li ntau tau, thiab hais tias kev txawj ntse ntawm nws - qhov no yog txoj kev mus rau nws. Thiab nws tau tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab hauv qab no - nws lub qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv Nishapur.

Los ntawm tej yam lwm qhov chaw uas koj kawm tau txog lub neej ntawm ib tug txiv neej zoo li Omar Khayyam? Biography TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) yuav nplua koj yog hais tias koj cia li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws. Koj yuav tau xa mus rau lub xov xwm ntawm cov phau ntawv Khayyam, nyob rau hauv phau uas feem ntau muab ib tug kev piav qhia txog nws lub neej. Peb tau muab tsuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus neeg xws li Omar Khayyam. Biography, nws haiv neeg, lub keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej, cov kwv huam thiab tracts - tag nrho cov no thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg yog xav nyob rau hnub no. Nws hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub legacy hais tias nws tau sab laug, tus poj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov cwm pwm ntawm Omar Khayyam.