Gyustav Eyfel: biography, cov duab. Txuas hniav Gustave Eiffel

Qhov kawg ntawm tus XIX xyoo pua kiag tabtom tau tus txheej xwm ntawm ib tug Golden lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm engineering. Nws tshuav ib tug zoo designers uas nws vaj tse tseem sawv cev rau ib tug milestone dab neeg. Alexander Gyustav Eyfel yooj yim inhabitants lub npe hu ua tus creator ntawm tus naas ej pej thuam nyob rau Paris. Ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias nws nyob ib tug heev nplua nuj lub neej thiab tsim ntau ntau koj Siv. Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog qhov no zoo kawg engineers thiab designers.

Childhood thiab kev kawm

Gyustav Eyfel yug nyob rau hauv 1832 nyob rau hauv Dijon, uas yog nyob rau hauv Burgundy. Nws txiv heev ntse loj hlob cov txiv hmab rau lawv loj plantations. Tab sis Gustave yeej tsis xav kom mob siab lawv lub neej kom ua liaj ua teb thiab post-kev kawm nyob rau hauv zos high school nws nkag mus hauv lub Paris Ecole Polytechnique. Tom qab kev kawm muaj rau peb lub xyoos, lub neej yav tom ntej designer mus rau lub Central School of Arts thiab Crafts. Nyob rau hauv 1855, Gyustav Eyfel kawm tiav.

Early hauj lwm

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, engineering twb xam tau tias elective courses, li ntawd, cov tub ntxhais designer coj ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib lub tuam txhab uas koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawm cov txuas hniav. Nyob rau hauv 1858, Gyustav Eyfel tsim nws cov thawj choj. Qhov project no yuav tsis tau hu ua raug, xws li tus so ntawm nws designer kev ua si. Teeb muaj zog powers, tus txiv neej muaj lawv nyob rau hauv lub qab ntawm lub mluav los ntawm txoj kev ib tug hydraulic xovxwm. Rau hnub tim, qhov no txoj kev yog tsis tshua muaj siv, raws li nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm nws kim heev kev cob qhia.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los yog teev cov pawg ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 25 meters, Eiffel yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv. Thaum tus choj twb ntse ua, Gustave twb paub li ib tug engineer choj builder. Nyob rau lub tom ntej nees nkaum xyoo, nws tau tsim muaj ntau yam sib txawv Siv thiab lub loj tshaj architectural monuments, uas muaj xws li tus choj Bir Akeym, Pont Alexandre III ntawm, lub Eiffel Tower thiab tshaj.

Ib tug exceptional saib

Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, cov Eifel yeej ib txwm sim tuaj nrog ib yam dab tsi tshiab uas yuav tsis tsuas alleviate cov plight ntawm designers thiab builders, tab sis kuj ua ib tug pab tau pab mus rau kev ua lag luam. Tsim nws thawj choj, Gyustav Eyfel txiav txim siab los tso tseg rau kev tsim kho ntawm loj scaffolding. Lossis loj steel koov choj ua tau nyob rau hauv ua ntej rau hauv lub bank. Thiab mus teem nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov designer uas yuav tsum tau tsuas yog ib steel cable ncav us txog nruab nrab ntawm ob tsev nyiaj ntawm River. Qhov no txoj kev pib yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov universally, tiam sis tsuas yog 50 xyoo tom qab nws tau yees ua los ntawm cov Eifel.

Bridge hla Tyuyer

Txuas hniav tau yeej ib txwm sawv ntawm Gustave Eiffel, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv muaj thiab ua vwm tej yaam num. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug Viaduct ua los ntawm Tyuyer dej. Lub complexity ntawm peb tes num nteg nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws yuav tsum tau sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub roob noj tsau hwv lawm 165 meters sib sib zog nqus. Kom txog rau thaum Eiffel tswv yim los tsim kom tau lub Viaduct tau txais ib ob peb ntau engineers, tab sis tag nrho lawv tsis kam. Nws muaj los npog lub loj loj noj tsau hwv lawm koov them nyiaj yug rau uas yuav pab ob qhob pylons.

Koov muaj ob halves uas yog haum rau txhua lwm yam nrog rau ib tug neeg ntawm kaum ntawm ib millimeter. Tus choj los ua tus Eifel tsev kawm ntawv zoo. Nws tau invaluable kawm txawj thiab tau txiav txim rau lawv lub neej thiab kev cob qhia.

Ua ke nrog ib pab neeg ntawm engineers Gustave tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev uas tso cai rau los mus laij lub nws yog xim hlau qauv ntawm ze li ntawm tej configuration. Tsim kom muaj ib tug choj hla Tyuyer, hero ntawm peb cov zaj dabneeg coj li muaj tsim exhibition nyob rau hauv Paris, uas yog yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv 1878.

"Hall ntawm machine"

Ua ke nrog tus naas ej Fabkis engineer de Dion Eiffel tsim lub zoo kawg li, uas yog hu ua "lub Hall ntawm machinery." tsim ntev yog 420, lub dav - 115, thiab lub qhov siab - 45 meters. Tsev ncej muaj li ntawm hlau beams openwork daim ntawv, uas khaws cov iav npog nthuav configuration.

Thaum cov thawj coj ntawm lub ruaj, uas yog rau cov me nyuam lub Eiffel project nyob rau hauv lub neej, ntsib nrog nws lub tswv yim, lawv xav hais tias nws ua ib yam dab tsi tsis yooj yim sua. Thawj qhov uas alarmed lawv, - qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov hnub lub vaj tse ntawm no loj tsis ua ib ke. Cuaj kaum, tus "Hall ntawm cov tshuab" tseem ua tau, nqa lub daring designer muab lub kub puav pheej rau koj kev daws teeb meem. Tu siab, koj thiab kuv yuav tsis pom ib tug yees duab ntawm no nthuav kev tsim kho, txij li thaum nyob rau hauv 1910 nws tau rhuav.

Tus tsim "tshuab chav tsev" tag tso siab rau lub pob zeb ua ntaub qhwv to yog tus me me. Qhov no txoj kev pab kom tsis txhob muaj deformations uas inevitably tshwm sim vim ntuj hauv av xaav. Cov ntse txoj kev zoo kawg thiab designer thov nyob rau hauv lawv cov tej yaam num dua thiab dua.

Pej thuam, uas yuav tsis tau

Nyob rau hauv 1898, nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm lub tom ntej no Paris Exhibition, Gyustav Eyfel thiab ua ib tug pej thuam siab ntawm 300 meters. Raws li cov engineer lub tswv yim, nws yog los ua ib tug architectural hom ntawm cov exhibition lub zos. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, txawm lub designer yuav tsis xav txog tej yam dab tsi no ntauwd yuav muaj ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov cim ntawm Paris thiab muaj yeeb koob choj builder rau centuries tom qab nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim no tsim, cov Eifel dua thov nws txuj ci thiab ua ntau tshaj ib tug qhib. Pej thuam muaj nyias hlau qhov chaw, uas yog txuas mus rau txhua lwm yam los ntawm rivets. Translucent silhouette ntawm tus pej thuam raws li nws hovers dua lub nroog.

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam, tab sis tam sim no yuav tsis muaj lub ntsiab Parisian attractions. Thaum pib ntawm 1888, ib lub hlis tom qab pib ntawm kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho, rau tus nom ntawm lub exhibition pawg neeg lub npe sau tawm tsam. Nws yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm ntxias thiab sau ntawv. Lawv tau nug kom muab qhov kev siv ntawm tus pej thuam, raws li tej zaum nws yuav lwj tus paub toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov Fabkis capital.

Thiab ces tus naas ej vajtse T. Alphand credibly tswv yim hais tias lub Eiffel project muaj ntau yam zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug yawm sij xam nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom, tab sis lub ntsiab attraction ntawm Paris. Yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ob xyoo tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm lub majestic nroog los ua txuam nrog peb tes num designer, uas coj tus cwj pwm uas xav yuav luag tsis muaj thiab tsis txhob ntshai ntawm bold kev txiav txim siab. Nws tus kheej ib tug engineer hu ua nws creation "300 'meter' ntauwd", tab sis haiv neeg muab nws lub koob meej yuav ua keeb kwm rau lub masses, hu ua tus pej thuam nws lub npe.

Pej thuam ntawm kev ywj pheej

Ob peb cov neeg paub, tab sis nws yog Gyustav Eyfel, uas nws biography peb muaj nrog rau koj hnub no yog xav, muab cov thiav ntawm lub American cim - Pej thuam ntawm kev ywj pheej.

Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub fact tias lub Fabkis constructor thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm nws cov pej thuam tau ntsib nrog nws American counterpart - kes duab lub vajtse T. Bartholdi. Xeem koom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau npe ntawm cov American pavilion nyob rau exhibition. Exhibition chaw yuav yog ib tug me me pej thuam ntawm bronze, uas sawv cev txoj kev ywj pheej.

Tom qab lub exhibition, lub Fabkis nce tus pej thuam mus rau ib tug qhov siab ntawm 93 meters thiab muab nws America. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub neej yav tom ntej monument tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm installation, nws los ua tseeb hais tias rau lub installation yuav tsum tau ib tug khov kho steel ncej. Lub tsuas engineer uas to taub lub xam waterproof tsim, yog Gyustav Eyfel.

Nws muaj kev tswj kom tsim ib tug zoo moj khaum yog li ntawd tus pej thuam yog nqi ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo, thiab ib tug muaj zog cua los ntawm lub hiav txwv rau nws tsis yooj yim. Thaum ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los, lub American cim txum tim rov qab, nws twb txiav txim siab mus xyuas lub Eiffel suav siv niaj hnub lub computer cov kev pab cuam. Kuj ceeb tias, tus npaj lub moj khaum engineer raws nraim coincided nrog cov qauv, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub tshuab.

laboratory

Tom qab lub zoo kawg kawm tau zoo rau ob miv ntawm peb hero txiav txim siab los tham nyob rau hauv qhov tob ua kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Auteuil, nws thawj tsim tawm ntawm tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no laboratory kawm cov nyhuv ntawm cua rau cov kuj sib txawv ntawm cov vaj tse. Eiffel yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj engineer, uas siv nyob rau hauv cov cua qhov kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws chaw ua hauj lwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub designer series ntawm yuav tsum muaj tej hauj lwm. Yuav kom qhov no hnub nws suav hais tias yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug encyclopedia ntawm engineering.

xaus

Yog li ntawd, peb mam li paub tias dab tsi tsuas yog Paris ntauwd, nto moo Gyustav Eyfel. Diam duab ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab dazzle thiab ua rau koj xav txog cov tib neeg kev ua zoo thiab lub sab possibilities ntawm peb lub siab. Tab sis, thaum pib ntawm lub Eifel yog ib tug mere designer ntawm cov txuas hniav, uas nws tswv yim muaj aroused bewilderment lug txhawb cov miv. Twv yuav raug hu inspiring zaj dabneeg.