Cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab North. Me neeg ntawm lub North thiab cov Far East

Minorities hu ua haiv neeg ntawm lub North thiab cov Far East. Nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm yog muab ntim rau tsis tsuas cov haiv neeg demography, tab sis kuj nws kab lis kev cai - kev cai, kev lis kev cai, txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab thiaj li nyob ..

Txoj cai teev cov notion ntawm scarcity. Cov haiv neeg uas muaj tsawg tshaj li 50 txhiab. Txiv neej. Qhov no manipulation tso cai rau "muab" los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov sab qaum teb neeg Karelia, Komi, Yakuts.

uas nyob

Yuav ua li cas yog paub hnub no, lub me me haiv neeg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab North? Nws Yukagirs, Enets, Tuvinian-todzhinsy, Kerek, Orochi, Chum, Koryak, Chukchi, Aleuts, Eskimos, Tubalars, Nenets, Teleuts, Mansi, evens, eventsy, Shor, Evenki, Nanai, Nganasan, Alyutors, Veps Chulyms, basins , Chuvans, tau tawm, Dolgan, Itelmen, Kamchadals Tofalars, umandintsy, Khanty, chulkantsy, Negidals, Nivkh, Ulta, Sami, Selkup, Telengits, ulchi, Udege.

Lub hauv paus txawm haiv neeg ntawm lub North thiab lawv cov lus

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav mus rau hauv qab no cov lus pab pawg:

• Saami, Khanty thiab Mansi - Finno-Ugric;
• Nenets, Selkup, Nganasan, Enets - mus rau lub Samoyed;
• Dolgan - Turkic;
• Evenki, Txawm, Negidal, sij hawm poob, Orochi, Nanai, Udege thiab ulchi - mus rau lub Tungus;
• Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen hais cov lus ntawm lub Chukchi-Kamchatka tsev neeg;
• Eskimos thiab Aleuts - Eskimo-Aleut.

Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib yam lus. Lawv tsis yog tej pab pawg neeg.

Muaj ntau hom lus tau tsis nco qab lawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tham thiab tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntawm cov laus tiam. Yeej lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Txij li thaum lub 90s sim los lub hom lus qhia nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Muab nws yog ib qhov nyuaj, t. Yuav kom. Nws yog lub npe hu mus ob peb heev neeg, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav cov xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov me nyuam paub lawv hom lus raws li ib tug txawv teb chaws lus, piv txwv li. A. Lawv tsis tshua hnov nws.

Cov neeg ntawm lub Far North ntawm Russia: nta ntawm tsos

Sab nraum saib ntawm hauv paus txawm haiv neeg ntawm lub North thiab cov Far East monolika tsis zoo li lawv cov lus. Raws li anthropological yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau feem ntau ntawm cov Mongoloid haiv neeg. Me stature, stocky muaj, ncaj ncees daim tawv nqaij, ncaj cov plaub hau dub, tsaus ntuj nti ob lub qhov muag nrog ib tug nqaim txoj kab txiav, ib tug me me qhov ntswg - tej cwj pwm no thiab taw tes rau nws. Piv txwv li - Yakut, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas muaj qhia hauv qab no.

Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, Lavxias teb sab, ib txhia neeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm mixed ua txij nkawm zoo mas yuav kis tau Europeoid qhia neeg. Ob lub qhov muag twb brighter, lawv txiav wider, nce pib kom tau raws li xim av cov plaub hau. Lawv yog cov los kuj siv tau txoj kev cai ntawm lub neej. Lawv yuav mus rau nws haiv neeg lub teb chaws, tab sis lub npe muaj Lavxias teb sab. Cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab North tseem tabtom los lo rau ib tug nominally lawv lub teb chaws rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm yog vim li cas.

Ua ntej, kom tau khaws cia tsim nyog tau, muab txoj cai rau dawb nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov, raws li zoo raws li ntau yam kev pab thiab cov nyiaj pab los ntawm lub xeev.

Ob, kom txuag tau tus xov tooj.

kev ntseeg

Yav tas los, lub hauv paus txawm haiv neeg ntawm lub North twb mas followers ntawm shamanism. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. lawv tig mus rau Orthodoxy. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era pawg ntseeg thiab cov pov thawj tau yuav luag ploj mus. Tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov neeg khaws cia nyob rau hauv lawv cov icons thiab soj ntsuam cov Christian qhuas. Lub ib thooj ntawm lawv muab cov tsoos shamanism.

Lub neej ntawm lub North

North av thiab lub Far East yog ib yam uas me me siv rau ua liaj ua teb. Lub zos no mas nyob ntawm tus ntug dej hiav txwv bays, pas dej thiab cov niam dej t. Yuav kom. Cov ua hauj lwm lawv tsuas maritime thiab dej luam tseem khiav. Lub sij hawm los ntawm cov uas tau xa cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub zos hla tus dej, yog heev tsawg. Hav dej khov sai sai. Muaj ntau ua neeg raug txim ntawm cov xwm rau ntau lub hlis. Nws tseem yog tsis yooj yim kom tau lawv nyob rau hauv lub zos rau leej twg los ntawm lub mainland. Thaum lub sij hawm no, kom tau thee, roj av thiab qhov tseem ceeb cov khoom yuav tsuas yuav los ntawm qhov siab, tab sis nws tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus.

Cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab North saib thiab hwm lub hnub nyoog-qub kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai. Qhov no yog tsuas zoov, fishermen, herders. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv nyob raws li qhov piv txwv thiab tej lus qhia ntawm lawv cov ancestors, nyob rau hauv lawv tam sim no lub neej thiab tej yam uas yog lub neej niaj hnub. Xov tooj cua, xov tooj cua, petrol teeb, motors, tej nkoj nquam thiab tshaj.

Me neeg ntawm lub North Russia mas koom nyob rau hauv reindeer herding. Nrog rau qhov no fishery lawv tau tawv, mis nyuj, nqaij. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muag, tab sis kuj rau koj tus kheej yog txaus. Nws kuj yog siv raws li reindeer thauj. Qhov no yog tsuas txhais tau tias cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm lub zos uas tsis sib cais los ntawm cov niam dej.

chav ua noj

Yeej los ntawm cov zaub mov nyoos. Tsoos tais diav:

• Kanyga (ib nrab-nqis txheem ntawm lub plab mos lwj).
• Mos lwj antlers (microscopic tshuab raj).
• Igunaq (fermented nqaij nyob rau hauv siab).
• Kiviak (tag nrho cov noog, nteg tawm cov kab mob, uas yog cia nyob rau hauv sealskin mus txog ob lub xyoos).
• Pob txha mos lwj li al.

Ua hauj lwm thiab nuv ntses

Ib txhia ntawm cov North tsim whaling. Tab sis lawv hais rau cov Chukchi, Eskimos. Ib tug heev nrov hom ntawm cov nyiaj khwv - plaub teb. Lawv yog cov bred hma, minks. Lawv khoom uas siv nyob rau hauv xaws cob qhia. Ntawm lawv ua ob yam tib si rau lub teb chaws thiab nyob sab Europe khaub ncaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub zos muaj mechanics, salesmen, mechanics, neeg tu mob. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov herders, fishermen thiab zoov. Cov tsev neeg uas koom nyob rau hauv nws tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm cov dej ntws thiab pas dej. Lawv puav hu nyob rau hauv lub zos mus yuav ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, qhov tseem ceeb npas los yog xa ntawv xa tuaj.

Tua tsiaj - ib xyoo puag ncig nuv ntses. Far North haiv neeg ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no mus yos hav zoov rau skis. Lawv coj ib tug me me lub laub rau cov khoom, nqa lawv mas dev. Feem ntau plob hav zoov ib leeg, tsis tshua - nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab.

Kev pab ntawm me me haiv neeg

Yeej nws yog ib tug Gingerbread tsev. Nomads txav nrog plagues. Nws zoo li ib tug siab tsev pheebsuab conical zoo, lub hauv paus uas yog siv tam los ntawm ntau tug. Coated tsev pheebsuab deerskins crosslinked nrog txhua lwm yam. Thauj tshaj xws li ib tug lub tsev rau ib tug rub daim txiag nrog tus mos lwj. Muab lub tsev ntaub, feem ntau yog cov poj niam. Lawv muaj couches, ntaub pua chaw pw, chests. Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm tus kab mob plague - ib qhov cub, ib co ntawm cov nomads koj yuav saib tau qhov hluav taws kub, tab sis qhov no yog tej yam txawv. Ib txhia neeg tua tsiaj thiab reindeer herders nyob rau hauv lub kab teeb. Qhov no khib nyob rau hauv tsev, cia li them nrog phua ntiag. Lawv yog cov uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv loj qhov kev siv trailer. Hauv lub rooj, Bunk txaj, qhov cub. Qhov no tsev yog thauj rau hauv ib lub sleigh.

Yaranga - ntau tsev ntoo. Hauv ob chav. Chav tsev mov yog tsis rhuab. Tab sis hauv lub chav pw sov so.

Tsuas yog lub hauv paus txawm haiv neeg ntawm lub North yog tseem tau tsim xws tsev. Cov hluas ntxhais hluas ntawm hnub no yog tsis tau kev kawm los xws nuv ntses raws li feem ntau nyhav mus rau hauv lub nroog. Ob peb cov neeg tseem ua neej nyob raws li cov kev cai ntawm lawv pog koob yawg koob.

Yog vim li cas ploj haiv neeg ntawm lub North

Lub me me lub teb chaws yog txawv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lawv cov uas tsis muaj tus xov tooj, tab sis kuj rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Cov neeg ntawm lub European sab qaum teb ntawm Russia khaws tus nyob xwb nyob rau hauv lawv cov zos. Thaum ib tug txiv neej tawm mus thiab nws thiaj li nws dhau mus ua ib tug txawv kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau teb chaws Nordic neeg los ib tug me ntsis moog. Thiab cov me nyuam loj hlob tuaj, yuav luag tag nrho cov tawm.

Cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab North - feem ntau yog hauv zos (autochthonous) Ib pawg haiv neeg los ntawm lub West (Karels, Veps) mus rau lub Far East (Yakuts, Chukchi, Aleuts, etc ...). Lawv cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw yog tsis loj hlob, txawm ib tug siab yug tus nqi. Yog vim li cas - yuav luag tag nrho cov me nyuam loj hlob thiab tawm hauv lub sab qaum teb latitudes mus rau lub mainland.

Yuav kom cov neeg zoo li dim, nws yog tsim nyog los pab lawv cov tsoos kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Pastures rau reindeer yog sai disappearing vim roj thiab cov nkev ntau lawm. Economy poob profitability. Yog vim li cas - kim cov zaub mov thiab lub cev tsis grazing. Dej muaj kuab paug muaj feem xyuam rau ntses, uas yuav tsawg kom nquag plias. Me neeg ntawm lub North Russia ploj sai sai heev, lawv tag nrho tus xov tooj yog 0.1% ntawm lub teb chaws tus pej xeem.