Clostridium Kab mob Botulinum. botulinus

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau yam sib txawv kab mob kab mob. Lawv txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam kab mob mechanisms ntawm tus kab mob thiab lwm yam nuances. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm kuv xav mus nrog lawv tham nyob rau hauv kom meej txog lub clostridium Kab mob Botulinum - lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm tus kab mob xws li botulism.

Hais txog kev mob nkeeg

Nyob rau hauv thaum pib, koj yuav tsum hais ob peb lo lus txog tus kab mob uas ua rau tus kab mob. Yog li ntawd, botulism - ib tug loj heev cov zaub mov raug tshuaj lom. Nws yog mob, feem ntau nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj feem xyuam rau lub hauv paus poob siab system, tej zaum yuav ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. Nws muaj ib tug fecal-oral lawv kis tau tus mob.

Nthuav yuav lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe. Los ntawm Latin translates li botulism hnyuv ntxwm (botulus). Thiab tag nrho vim hais thawj cov ntaub ntawv pathogenic cov kab mob tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj no cov khoom (raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov neeg tuag neeg uas yav tas los noj tus kab mob hnyuv ntxwm). Feem ntau cov feem ntau tus kab mob no yog ntaus nqi mus rau noj ntawm las thiab smoked ntses thiab nqaij npua.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm clostridium Kab mob Botulinum - lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm botulism - piav rov qab nyob rau hauv 1896 ib tug paub txog E. van Ermengemom. Nws tshwm sim yog thaum lub sij hawm qhov muaj zog ntawm lub phaum. Raws li twb tau hais, qhov no yav tau muab cais tawm vim hais tias ntawm Ham, raws li zoo raws li ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg uas noj nws ua ntej. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws twb pom hais tias cov microorganism comprises yim serovars uas txawv nyob rau hauv antigenic qauv toxins (thiab lawv roos lawv tus kheej). Maximum tseem ceeb yog toxins, xa mus rau raws li A, B thiab E. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tag nrho cov co toxins yuav tsum neutralized xwb los homologous ntshiab.

tsos

Nws zoo li clostridium Kab mob Botulinum? Yog li, tus kab mob yog ib tug ncaj loj pas nrig kawg yog me ntsis npawv. Kwv nws loj - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Thoob plaws hauv lub cev nws muaj txog 35 flagella peritrichous nyob. Yuav noob. Nrua mus rau lub tsis sib haum yog ib tug me ntsis zoo li ib tug ntaus pob tesniv ntxhe.

zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob

Yuav ua li cas tej yam kev mob yog zoo tagnrho rau cov clostridium Kab mob Botulinum? Yog li ntawd, lub zoo kub rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob - txog 35 ° C. Txawm li cas los, cov kab mob yuav muab nyob rau hauv lub kub ntau ntawm los ntawm 10 mus rau 55 ° C. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cultivated microorganism:

1. Cov daub Tarotstsi. Qhov no xyov nqaij-peptone broth supplemented nrog lub siab hnyuv ntxwm nqaij thiab piam thaj.
2. Nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab cov ntses cia.
3. Qhov twg muaj yog ib tug high concentration ntawm cov tsiaj protein.

Kab mob yuav muab kuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau yooj yim - piam thaj thiab ntshav agar (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kab mob zoo li daim ntawm lentils los yog ntaub plaub). Txawm li cas los, lawv yuav proliferate nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub kua. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, lub homogeneous sludge yog tsim, thiab tom qab ib lub sij hawm rau precipitate nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub raj.

kis

Qhov twg yog qhov ntau kab mob clostridium Kab mob Botulinum? Yog li, lub "ntshaus" rau lawv yuav ua tau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov nram qab qhov chaw raug xaiv rau tej vaj tse clostridia:

1. Cov hnyuv ntawm ntses, tsiaj txhu thiab txawm shellfish.
2. Cov av (kab ntawd los tau ua ke nrog rau cov faeces).
3. Khoom noj khoom haus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau tus neeg yog zaub, nceb, cov nqaij thiab cov ntses tais diav.

Nyob rau hauv cov av ciaj sia zoo dua cov lus sib cav tshaj li lub vegetative ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob. Cov noob yuav muaj sia nyob ntev desiccation, cia kom khov rau -250 ° C, boiling ntawm ib tug mus rau lub sij hawm. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub phenol tshuaj (5%) cov kab mob noob yuav nyob twj ywm siv tau mus rau 1 hnub. Thaum boiling rhuav tshem cov taug rau txog 10 feeb.

stability

Cia li yuav ua li cas ruaj yog botulism? Microbiology qhia tias cov microorganism nws tus kheej behaves txawv, yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv xeev.

1. Spore daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, clostridia yog heev resistant mus rau ntau yam hom ntawm sab nraud hloov. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm 6 ° C yuav nyob li ib lub hlis, nyob rau ntawm lub reflux ntawm 100 ° C xwb tua tsis pub dhau ib teev nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm 120 ° C - rau ib tug ib nrab teev. Cov noob yog resistant rau freezing, raug kab teeb, kom qhuav. Raws li rau disinfectants, ces formalin (20%) tov yuav tua cov kab mob rau ob hnub, ethyl cawv - rau ob lub hlis, thiab hydrochloric acid tshuaj (10%) - ib teev.
2. Lub vegetative daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, Clostridia yog heev lam tau lam ua. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm 80 ° C yuav raug tua tsis pub dhau ib teev.
3. Raws li rau cov taug, nws behaves tib yam li cov vegetative daim ntawv. Nyob rau ntawm 100 ° C rau 10 feeb, lub toxin yuav tsum neutralized. Ruaj nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic ib puag ncig, tab sis muaj peev xwm yuav neutralized nyob rau hauv alkaline. Nyob rau hauv lub mob huam ntawm cov taug ho thiaj li txoj kev. Txawm li cas los, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm hom E botulism, uas, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nws yog nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub mob huam nyob rau hauv 10 000 lub sij hawm ntau kom nquag plias.

Thaum twg ua tau botulism ri li cas? Microbiology, tshuaj hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas muaj neeg raug siv los noj mov nqaij los yog kaus poom ntses. Seasonality nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no sob. Nws tseem yog txheej uas muaj hnub nyoog, tub los ntxhais, xim ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Leej twg los yeej kis tau tus mob.

pathogenesis

Botulism - ib tug loj heev cov zaub mov lom, uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab noj nqos tau cov kab mob clostridia los yog lawv co toxins zaub mov (cov taug yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub microorganism nkag mus rau hauv co ib puag ncig thiab pib nws active tu tub tu kiv). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj xav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob xws li botulism, nws yog ib tug neurotoxin. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias nws yog lub feem ntau haib ntawm tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm lom tshuaj lom. Raws li zaum, nws yog 375 lub sij hawm ntau yam tshuaj lom thiab ntau venom ntawm ib tug tus nab. Yog hais tias koj tau txais cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv xwb nyob rau hauv lub 1 mg yuav muaj txog li 100 lab tuag koob tshuaj ntawm cov dawb kuaj nas. Raws li rau tus txiv neej, ces txoj kev tuag tej zaum yuav tshwm sim tom qab haus xwb 0,001 mg neurotoxin.

Hais txog neurotoxin

Raws li twb hais saum toj no, tus kab mob clostridium Kab mob Botulinum paim haib thiab txaus ntshai neurotoxin uas poses ib tug kev hem thawj tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev kho mob tab sis rau lub neej. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov no taug yog thermostable. Cov hnyuv yog flagged li prototoksina nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai microorganism hloov tom qab ua me me hnyuv enzymes. Rau cov tib los digestive enzymes ruaj khov. Yus feature: sai absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav, ua twb nyob rau hauv lub uppermost qhov chaw ntawm lub hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Nrog cov ntshav kis tau los ntawm lub cev, tau txais nyob rau hauv neuromuscular synapses.

taug qhov kev txiav txim theem

Koj yuav tsum tau qhia rau koj tias Kab mob Botulinum taug muaj peb theem ntawm kev txiav txim:

1. Reversible kauj ruam (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm antitoxic ntshav dej). Neurotoxin uake rau ib tug receptor.
2. Tsiv cov taug nyob hauv lub aqueous feem ntawm lub cell neuromuscular hlws ris. Rau cov kauj ruam no, qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Tus heev tib theem yog trudnoobratimoy.
3. Lytic theem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tuav blocks taug mus rau hauv cov nqaij paj taug. Ntawm no thiab muaj lub ntsiab ntawm cov tsos mob botulism.

hom botulism

Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum distinguishes plaub lub ntsiab hom botulism:

1. Khoom noj khoom haus, los yog classic. Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm siv cov khoom noj uas muaj ib tug taug.
2. Nqaij Ntuag. Qhov no hom ntawm tus kab mob yog txuam nrog tib neeg colonization ntawm lub qhov txhab nto.
3. Me nyuam mos botulism. Qhov no pathological kab mob kab mob ntawm lub me nyuam mos liab txoj kev hnyuv.
4. Ntawm meej txog cais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kws kho mob tsis tau hais rau kom paub meej tias yog vim li cas rau tus kab mob human botulism.

Hais txog kab mob

Raws li zoo muaj yog ib tug tib neeg tus kab mob botulism? Yuav ua li cas yog tau tus kab mob? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los ua tus kab mob nrog clostridia ntawm tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, lub microorganism nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov zaub mov uas yog tus kab mob nrog tus kab mob no av los yog faeces. Ntxiv mus, rau cov emergence ntawm tus kab mob, cov kab mob no kuj tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau. Yog li, yog tias sau ua ntej yuav noj zaub mov ua, ib tug microorganism spore instantly puv mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yog ib co resistant mus rau lub heev kub muaj peevxwm. Tom qab ua noj ua haus noob pib rau koj tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug vegetative lub xeev, thiab thaum muaj ib tug faib clostridia tuag taug. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub microorganism yog ntshai ntawm ib tug qhib oxygen. Ua cua kub ntawm cov zaub mov yog tseem tsis tau mus tua cov pathogenic kab mob (uas yuav tsum tau rau nws puas tsuaj kub ntawm txog 750 ° C). Tom ntej no cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab tus kab mob manifests nws tus kheej sai heev.

ncu tus kab mob lub sij hawm

Kab mob Botulinum taug tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev pib ua hauj lwm sai li sai tau. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj 8-22 teev tom qab noj tau cov zaub mov. Txawm li cas los, qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm -10-12 teev.

Cov soj ntsuam daim duab ntawm tus kab mob

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim rau tib neeg lub cev tom qab tus kab mob los no kab mob? Yog li ntawd, thaum pib ntawm cov tsos mob yog zoo li Gastroenteritis (o ntawm lub qog ua kua week ntawm cov hnyuv thiab plab). Lub ntsiab tsos mob uas ua rau botulism kab mob:

1. Mob plab, dua li nyob rau hauv lub puj ntaws. Tus mob yuav ua rau kom, kis tau.
2. Qhov kub feem ntau yog tsis sawv.
3. Lub rooj zaum yog li 20 lub sij hawm ib hnub. Yuav ua tau dej, copious, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov mov broth.
4. Cov kev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev.
5. Ntuav.

Ntuav thiab tso quav heev yuav ua tau kom tag nrho lub cev qhuav dej. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim convulsions, muaj ib cov nyhuv ntawm wrinkles ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lwm yam daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov tsos mob ploj tom qab ib tug ob peb hnub. Ib tug neeg xav hais tias underwent qub plab hnyuv mob khaub thuas. Tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua thiaj li zoo thiab ceev ceev finishes. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav muaj ib lub rooj zaum thiab ntuav nrog cov ntshav, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav ua tau heev heev mob. Tag nrho cov tej zaum yuav txawm tuag vim tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv necrosis.

kab mob

Qhov twg koj tau feem ntau ntes ib tug kab mob, xws li botulism? Photo foci ib tug multiplicity ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis feem ntau nws yog Catering tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog ib tug neeg kov tsiaj proteins.

kev tiv thaiv

Ceev faj li cas yuav tiv thaiv tau los ntawm cov neeg mob no kab mob?

1. Yuav tua botulism kub. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav noj tej zaub mov kaus poom, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau boil rau txog 15 feeb. Qhov no yuav pab kom cov taug los cev qhuav dej. Koj kuj tsis tau haus cov kaus poom zaub mov, lub hau ntawm uas yog o.
2. Cov kab mob yuav ua botulism, tuag tsis sov. Yog hais tias muaj, cov nqaij thiab cov ntses khoom noj ua ntej ua noj ua haus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom khov. Cia rau lawv raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kub hauv qab no + 10 ° C.
3. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo nceb. Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas raws nraim lawv yuav ua tau hais ntawm tus kab mob av clostridia.
4. Cov neeg uas noj tib yam zaub mov raws li tus neeg mob nrog botulism, yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum raws li ib tug tiv thaiv kev ntsuas mus rau hauv lub amniotic protivobotulinicheskuyu ntshiab thiab chelators.

outlook

Ib yam yuav xaus tus kab mob no, xws li botulism? Cov duab yav tas los tus neeg mob no sib txawv. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau ntawm tus kab mob neeg thiab tuag lub cev. Qhov kawg scenario no tsuas tau yog hais tias tus neeg mob tsis muab raws sij hawm tsim nyog kho mob. Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob, botulism yuav siv sij hawm ib tug txiv neej lub neej nyob rau hauv 30-60% ntawm cov neeg.