Chemosynthetic kab mob: piv txwv. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm chemosynthetic kab mob

Yuav ua li cas los mus tsim thiab nqa tawm tseem ceeb heev kev ntawm cov kab mob, chemosynthetic txawv tshuaj? Yuav kom teb tau cov lus nug no, nws yog tsim nyog mus nrog ib tug ntau yam kev lom tswv yim.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov kab mob

Ua ntej, seb leej twg yog tus kab mob no. No tag nrho nceeg vaj ntawm qhov. Lawv yog cov tib-celled kab mob yog me me luaj li cas, uas yog devoid ntawm nuclei. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tus kab mob tsis muaj cov lug lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kis ntawm cov roj ntsha ntaub ntawv. Nws cia li muaj ib tug ntau txheej thaum ub lub koom haum. Qhov no yeej DNA molecules uas feeb meej nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam yog ib feem ntawm lub cytoplasm hu ua nucleoid.

Lub essence ntawm autotrophic kev noj haus

Chemosynthetic cov kab mob, piv txwv uas yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, rau lawv tus kheej cov khoom organic teeb meem. Lawv yog cov autotrophs, zoo li cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los, lub tom kawg yog siv rau qhov no zog ntawm tshav ntuj. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntsuab plastids chloroplasts enabling lawv mus nqa tawm hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm zib los ntawm ib tug carbohydrate inorganic tshuaj - carbon dioxide thiab dej. Lwm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog oxygen. Cov kab mob kuj yog autotrophic. Tab sis lub zog lawv yuav tsis tau tshav ntuj. Lawv nqa tawm rau lwm tus txheej txheem - chemosynthesis.

Yuav ua li cas yog chemosynthesis

Chemosynthesis hu ua lub tsim ntawm cov organic tshuaj vim redox tshua. Nws qhov yog nqa tawm tsuas prokaryotes. Chemosynthetic kab mob muaj peev xwm siv tau rau lub synthesis ntawm cov organic tebchaw ntawm cov leej faj tebchaw, nitrogen thiab hlau. Qhov no tawm lub zog uas yog sau nyob rau hauv thawj bonds ntawm ATP, tom qab uas cov kab mob hlwb yuav siv tau.

Chemosynthetic kab mob: vaj tse

Txij li thaum lub neej chemotroph tsis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag tshav ntuj, lawv tis ntau yog dav txaus. Piv txwv li, sulfur kab mob no muaj nyob rau ntawm ntau dua depths, tej zaum tseem muaj cov xwb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nyob quavntsej. Vaj tse cov ntaub ntawv prokaryotes yog feem ntau cov av, wastewater thiab substrates nplua nuj tej yam tshuaj tebchaw.

hlau kab mob

Los ntawm chemosynthetic kab mob muaj xws li prokaryotes, Process nyob tus yeees ntawm cov hlau sib txuas. Lawv nrhiav tau los ntawm tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab microbiologist Sergei Nikolaevich Vinogradskii nyob rau hauv 1950. Qhov no hom ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev hloov lub degree ntawm oxidation ntawm cov hlau, ua rau nws trivalent. Lawv nyob rau hauv tshiab thiab ntsev dej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm lawv nqa hlau ncig nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab yog siv los tsim ntshiab tooj liab. Tus kab mob kuj koom litoavtotrofam muaj peev xwm ntawm ulekisloty ua ke tej ntsiab ntawm nws lub hlwb.

leej faj cov kab mob

Cov kab mob chemosynthetic tshuaj ntawm cov leej faj tebchaw, tej zaum yuav muaj cais nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov dej lub cev los yog daim ntawv symbiosis nrog shellfish thiab marine invertebrates. Raws li lawv yog ib qhov chaw ntawm oxidation siv hydrogen sulphide, sulphide, thione molecular acid los yog sulfur. Qhov no hom ntawm cov kab mob tau lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm cov lus qhib thiab kawm chemosynthesis txheej txheem. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li prokaryotes thiab ib co phototrophic prokaryotes. Piv txwv li, xws li magenta los yog ntsuab leej faj cov kab mob.

nitrite kab mob

Nyob rau cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag leguminous khom nitrifitsiruschie kab mob. Chemosynthetic prokaryotes no pab pawg neeg oxidize ammonia rau nitric acid. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam tsim intermediates. Rau hauv thaj av no kuj nitrogen-kho cov kab mob. Lawv txiav txim nyob rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm leguminous nroj tsuag. Tob tob mus rau hauv lub subterranean lub cev nqaij, lawv tsim yam ntxwv thooj. Hauv cov lug tsim ib tug dej siab ib puag ncig rau tus khiav ntawm chemosynthesis. cog symbiosis nrog rhizobia yog nrog lig. Tus thawj prokaryotes muab organic teeb meem ua thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis. Cov kab mob yuav tau kho atmospheric nitrogen thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv muaj rau cov nroj tsuag.

Yog vim li cas yog tus txheej txheem no thiaj li tseem ceeb? Tom qab lub nitrogen concentration hauv cov cua yog txaus loj thiab yog 78%. Tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm tsis nqus cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Ib tug nitrogen nroj tsuag xav tau kev pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, thiab tuaj mus rau cov kev pab ntawm nodule cov kab mob, uas hloov nws mus rau hauv nitrate thiab ammonium daim ntawv.

thiobacteria

Chemosynthetic kab mob no prokaryotes thiab thione. Lawv lub zog qhov chaw ntau ntau yam cov leej faj tebchaw. Qhov no hom ntawm cov kab mob restores lawv mus sulfuric acid. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nrog los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv lub pH nqi ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Thiobacteria acidophiles muaj nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg. Cov no muaj xws kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob rau hauv siab acidity. Tej yam kev mob yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nraum. Ua ke nrog rau qhov no thiane pawg muaj lactic thiab acetic acid cov kab mob, flagellates thiab rotifers.

hydrogen kab mob

Tej kev prokaryotes yog av inhabitants. Lawv molecular hydrogen yog oxidized rau dej nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Tej kab mob no kuj tsis pub dhau lub pab pawg neeg thermophiles. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv yuav tau kom muaj nqi thaum muaj kev kub kub, tus nqi ntawm uas mozhetdo attained 50 degrees Celsius. Qhov no muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hydrogen kab mob vim lub fact tias lawv paim tshwj xeeb enzymes uas ua txawm nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm chemosynthetic kab mob

Chemotroph ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub complex kev ntawm transformation thiab ncig ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm kev txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov. Txij li thaum hydrogen sulfide thiab ammonia yog heev tshuaj lom tshuaj, muaj ib tug xav rau neutralize lawv. Qhov no yog tseem nqa chemotrophic kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tshuaj tsim ib tug yeeb tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm lwm yam kab mob uas yuav pab lawv los zoo txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Loj deposits ntawm cov iron thiab manganese ores nyob rau hauv lub qab ntawm lub seas thiab swamps tshwm sim vim cov kev ua chemotroph. Namely - cov hlau kab mob.

Tus txiv neej tau kawm siv cov khoom nws chemotroph thiab cov kev ua ub. Piv txwv li, siv cov leej faj cov kab mob lim dej khib nyiab los ntawm lub hydrogen sulfide, tiv thaiv hlau thiab pob zeb ua cov kav dej los ntawm corrosion thiab los ntawm cov av acidification.

Yog li, chemosynthetic kab mob yog tshwj xeeb prokaryotes, muaj peev xwm ntawm ib ce muaj zog uas tsim nyog tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob co. Cov kab mob oxidize teeb meem. Lub zog uas yog li tso tawm, lawv yog thawj muab cia rau hauv lub bonds ntawm ATP, thiab ces thov mus rau qhov tseem ceeb heev muaj dab. Lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav yog hlau, sulfur thiab nitrogen-kho cov kab mob. Lawv nyob ob leeg nyob rau dej thiab nyob rau hauv cov av ib puag ncig. Chemotroph yog ib tug indispensable link nyob rau hauv lub ncig ntawm tshuaj, muab ib tug sia nrog tsim nyog yam thiab dav siv los ntawm txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws economic thiab muaj kev ua ub no.