Carolingian rooj txhawb siab

Carolingian Renaissance - ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev cai lub rooj txhawb siab nyob rau hauv medieval Northern teb chaws Europe txij thaum kawg ntawm lub yim xyoo pua rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cuaj, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm kev kav ntawm Frankish rulers ntawm lub Carolingian dynasty, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm Charlemagne thiab Louis lub Pious, Charles lub Bald.

Qhov no lub sij hawm twb yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj hlob txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv, kos duab, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical hloov thiab kawm cov vaj lug kub. Revival ntawm loog raws li nyob rau hauv lub achievements ntawm Roman kab lis kev cai.

Tom qab ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm stagnation thiab ib tug tej yam poob nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse yog kev xav, kos duab thiab culture, Karl Veliky sib sau nyob rau ntawm nws lub tsev hais plaub ntau ci ntsa iab minds ntawm lub sij hawm, intending siv lawv mus rau revive nyob rau hauv lub xeev uas lub theem ntawm scientific, philosophical, artistic kawm ntawv, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Roman kab lis kev cai .

Tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv yog yam tshwj xeeb hnov ntawm cov txiv plig. Txawm tias cov neeg monks uas siv lawv lub hnub luam qub thaud, NW nyuam qhuav tau nyeem dab tsi yog sau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom to taub lub ntsiab lus. Vim li no fwm lub xya-yim centuries, tus thawj yog feem ntau yog li tsis meej pem uas tsis yog tau txais kev pab seev suab. Txij li thaum muaj yog tsis muaj standard kawm yam lus uas lawv sau nyob rau hauv capital cov tsiaj ntawv, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm uas tsis, tsis muaj cov cim kab.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeev francs Karl yuav nrhiav tsis tau ib tug zoo daim qauv ntawm cov ntawv Vajtswv los yog rau tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub Benedictine txoj cai, rau cov uas nws yog tsim nyog xa mus rau Rome. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog txoj kev sib sau ntawm Charles Frankish pawg ntseeg, uas yog kiag li nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj. Nws yog ib tug heev kawm ntawv tus txiv neej rau nws lub sij hawm. Nws kawm Latin, Greek, rhetoric, logic, astronomy. Ua nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Ltalis, Karl tau ntsib nrog Anglo-Saxon kawm Alcuin, uas yog hu ua tus mastermind qab lub Carolingian Renaissance.

Ib tug ci ntsa iab kawm, nws nyob rau hauv New York, nyob qhov twg muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv uas muaj ib qho uas nws kim heev sau los ntawm thawj. Carl ntxias Alcuin tsiv mus nyob rau Aachen, qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub Frankish King, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kev kawm pab rau cov palace tsev kawm ntawv. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib chav kawm no yog npaj los qhia cov txiv plig thiab monks. Nws yog ua tau mus nrhiav lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub xya mas kev kawm: tus trivium - qauv sau ntawv, rhetoric, logic; thiab quadrivium - cov zauv arts, geometry, kev laij zauv, astronomy thiab suab paj nruag. Ntawm cov kev kawm muaj classical thiab txawj kawm ntawv. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyeem Homer, Virgil, Horace, Juvenal, Plato, Cicero.

Revival Heroes - nws tsis yog Alcuin. Cov caw tuaj rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Charlemagne muaj lwm yam reputable zaum, philosophers, paj huam, Peter ntawm Pisa, qhia Charles nyob rau hauv Latin yaj ntawm Aquileia tsa Patriarch ntawm Aquileia (yaj II), Lombard Pavel Diakon, Visigoth Theodulf ntawm Orleans.

Centers ntawm kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv los ua ib tug monastery, uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev luam ntawv txheej thaud. Tab sis muaj tsis muaj mindless coj tsis ncaj - tag nrho cov phau ntawv no yog ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm cov monks. Tus tshiab thaud lus tau sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam, muaj ib lub cim. Carl caag medieval Latin. Qhov tseeb hais tias npaum li cas tau hloov nyob rau hauv Latin, vim Roman lub sij hawm, lo lus tshiab, tej kab lus, idioms, uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus. Karl coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev hloov, thiab muaj ib tug medieval Latin nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog paub hnub no.

Lub sij hawm "Carolingian rooj txhawb siab" inputted Fabkis historian Jean-Jacques Ampere nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, feem ntau disputed vim lub fact tias lub sij hawm twb tau tas mas txoj kev loj hlob txiv plig thiab Corporate kev pej xeem taw ntse lub Italian Renaissance. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tsis sawv cev rau ib tug los mus rau revive lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tus simultaneous faib ntawm Christian kev cai dab qhuas kev coj thiab ntau kab lis kev cai. Ib tug reign ntawm Charles yog li ntawd ci ntsa iab hais tias nws yog piv nrog rau reign Aleksandra Makedonskogo, tus ntawd yog Xixas Augustus, Constantine, Justinian.

Kev tuag ntawm Charles los ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau lub poob ntawm lub Frankish lub xeev thiab nws cov kab lis kev cai.

Nyob rau hauv thaum yav tas los, lub Carolingian rooj txhawb siab kuj muaj ib co nta ntawm lub "cuav" heyday, thaum cov kev cai tau raug lom zem ntau tawg khiav ri niab tshaj ob peb tiam.

Lub flowering ntawm cov kos duab npog kwv yees li ib puas xyoo, los ntawm 800 mus 900 xyoo, tab sis nws yog ib tug influential lub sij hawm thaum Northern teb chaws Europe, raws li nyob rau hauv lub classical (Roman) kos duab cov ntaub ntawv, npaj rau hauv av rau cov sawv ntawm Romanesque thiab, thaum kawg, ntawm Gothic art. Txij thaum ntawd los fwm illuminated thaud, hlau, sculpture, mosaic thiab xeeb tub ua hauj lwm.

Lub architecture ntawm lub Carolingian rooj txhawb siab yog yus muaj los ntawm cov style, qhia los ntawm Charles, thiab prevailed kom txog thaum lub reign ntawm tus German King Otto I. Nws kuj yog ib tug meej pem los mus recreate lub Roman thiab Byzantine architecture, tab sis ua tsaug rau cov nrhav nws tau nrhiav ib tug cim ua cim.