Ballistic missile "Sineva": yam ntxwv thiab cov hauj lwm

Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus thawj los mus rau qhov chaw cuaj luaj rau submarines tau npaum li cas. Lub tswv yim yog lub Lavxias teb sab engineer K. A. Shilderu. Raws li peb tes num nyob rau Alexandrovsky foundry nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1834 nws ua tau "foob pob ua ntxaij" submarine. Tab sis nws yeej tsis tau txais yuav los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Imperial rog. Txawm li cas los, lub tswv yim ntawm delivering cuaj luaj covertly submarine twb tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov tub rog engineers. Tshwj xeeb yog nthuav los ntawm no taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub missile "Sineva".

Underwater riam phom ntawm kev ua pauj

III Reich kuj sim mus siv lub tswv yim ntawm launching cuaj luaj los ntawm ib tug submarine nyob rau hauv xyaum. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Peenemunde lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1942. U-511 submarine twb hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub hom phiaj no. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub foob pob ua ntxaij - heev mines caliber 280 hli thiab 210 mm - tau tiav.

Tsis tas li ntawd ua kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv uas lub shooting twb nqa tawm ntawm depths ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 9 thiab 15 meters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm cov missile yog tsis pub dhau 4 km.

Firing soj ntsuam tau zoo li ntawd hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xeem daim ntawv qhia tau qhia tau thov covert strike los ntawm German submarines nyob rau American ntug dej hiav txwv.

Lub "Wave"

Thaum cov hauj lwm ntawm launching cuaj luaj los ntawm submarines yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam. Cov muaj xws li:

• Rocketry;
• underwater shipbuilding;
• Tua tawm cuaj luaj;
• tswj nyob rau hauv lub davhlau.

kom tau raws li tej kev cov nyom hauv peb tes num tau txais cov code "Wave", thiab nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1948 lub engineer V. Ganin tau tso ib tug inventor ntawv pov thawj. Nws yog muab sau rau hauv lub peev xwm tso cuaj luaj los ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm:

• kab rov tav,
• ntsug
• inclined.

Lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov cuaj luaj los ua lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj ua hauj lwm-tactical P-11. Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo:

• Raug cov sau lub xeev;
• me me luaj li cas;
• siv raws li tus neeg saib xyuas oxidizing Cheebtsam raws li nitric acid.

Tag nrho cov no tau pab mus piv rau lub lag luam ntawm tej riam phom.

Underwater pib, nyob rau hauv uas R-21 twb thov kua foob pob ua ntxaij tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pib nrog rau cov submarine cuaj luaj twb ua tau nrog cov underwater depths ntawm 40 mus 50 meters.

"Sineva"

Nws possesses cim nta mechanism P-29RM, uas yog zoo dua lub npe hu raws li ib tug ballistic missile "Lub xiav".

Nws daws ob peb teeb meem:

• cov hoob kawm kho nyob rau Pib ntsais koj teeb ntawm satellites;
• sib ntaus txoj kev hloov nyob rau qhov kev ncua deb;
• lub peev xwm los arbitrarily muab warheads txawv cov hom phiaj;
• kev siv cov cuaj luaj nyob rau hauv lub Arctic.

Cov tau hluav taws los ntawm cov North Ncej tau tau pom hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2006 missile muaj "Yekaterinburg". missile "Sineva" siv thaum pib-up.

Submarine "Tula"

Lub tswv yim uas tso ntev-ntau cuaj luaj rau submarines tau siab siv rau ntawm lub nuclear submarine "Tula".

Yuav kom ntsia missile "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), los ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj 2000 mus rau tim 21, 2004 "Tula" coj ib tug sib sib zog nqus Modernization, uas pab ua rau kom cov stealth submarine. Nws twb zoo hluav taws xob riam phom. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj zog nkoj survivability system, uas muaj xws li nuclear kev nyab xeeb.

"Tula" muaj underwater ceev ntawm 24 cov pob caus ntawd (44 km / hr) nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws immersion qhov tob ntawm 650 meters. Lub autonomous navigation, nws yuav ua tau 90 hnub nrog ib tug neeg coob ntawm 140 cov neeg.

Riam phom submarine heev khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ballistic missile "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) thiab 16 launchers rau submarine nruab nrog torpedo hlab. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib yog MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub chav kawm ntawv nuclear submarine "Tula", mention yuav tau ua thiab tseem loj tshaj ntev (nyob rau tsim waterline) - 167,4 meters! Qhov ntev ntawm lub football teb, e.g., 120 meters.

Tom qab kho kom zoo dua rau cov submarine "Tula" tau ua missile community launch "Sineva" nyob rau hauv lub Barents Hiav txwv ntawm lub hom phaj nyob rau hauv lub equatorial Pacific. Tom qab kov yeej lub 11.547 km lub hom phaj tau ntse ntaus.

Nta "Sineva"

Peb-theem missile, tsim los ntawm lub kaw Circuit Court nyob rau hauv uas theem cov txheej txheem sequentially. Boosters "tuag tag" nyob rau hauv lub LRE tso tsheb hlau luam ib neej coj los ua ke nyob rau hauv uas lub tank-qhia system.

Thaum lub missile luj ntawm 40,3 m ntev ntawm 14,8 meters. Rau kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub pib ncej PL txoj kab uas hla txo kom 1.9 m, qhov loj ntawm nkaus xwb qhov tseem ceeb yog sib npaug zos rau 2.8 m.

Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog nws cov ntsiab lub taub hau ib feem, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov plaub thiab kaum blocks. Yog li, txhua yam uas lawv muaj ib tug neeg taw qhia.

Yog hais tias lub cuaj luaj yog siv nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-nuclear teeb meem, lub taub hau ib feem yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug high school cov nplaum tawg fragmentation warhead filling, uas nyhav txog 2 tons. Cov systems muaj ib tug exceptional feature - high-precision kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hom phaj.

Missile "Sineva", tus yam ntxwv uas peb xav txog yuav muab nruab nrog ib tug nuclear warhead ultrasmall loj ( TNT sib npaug ntawm 50 tons). Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus thov phais ntaus nyob rau hauv ib tug muab cheeb tsam.

"Sighting" firing ntau

Intercontinental missile "Lub xiav" muaj nyob rau hauv lub cuaj luaj D-9RM. Lawv yog armed nrog nuclear submarines 667BRDM project (NATO kev faib Delta-IV).

Lub complex nws tus kheej coj rau promvooruzhenie nyob rau hauv 1986. Tab sis los ntawm 1996 mus rau 1999, qhov teeb meem ntawm cuaj luaj nres. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1999 lawv lawm yog resumed dua nyob rau hauv ib tug modernized version.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub ntau yam ntawm cov missile "Sineva" dhau tshaj ntawm lub ntsuas ntawm US systems ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ( "Trident-2"), uas muaj peev xwm kov yeej lub teeb meem ntawm 11 txhiab kilometers. Ib tug cia nyob rau hauv deb tsis muaj ib tug missile nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm officially muaj leej twg paub hais tias cov ntau yam "Sineva" yog 8300 km. Txij thaum tej nkoj nquam tau ua missile launches xiav?

Commander hauv Chief ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy Vladimir Vysotsky twb paub hais tias qhov no hloov cuaj luaj armed nrog nuclear submarines kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Tsuas 7 ntawm lub missile project twb tau los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava" yuav tsum equip lub submarine hom "Northwind", uas yog muaj nyob rau 12 missile silos.

Qhov no system ntawm kev ua tau zoo nrog rau hauv pem-raws li missile ceg "Topol-M". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, "Bulava" lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm cov sib ntaus nce mus txog 8000 km, ntawm ib tug luj ntawm 36.8 tons ntawm cuaj luaj. Nuclear warheads muaj ntau yam warheads. Inclined pib tso cai underwater pib "mus."

Raws li nws tus yam ntxwv missile "Bulava" thiab "Sineva" zoo heev thiab txawv xwb nyob rau hauv lub hom propulsion engine. Thaum lub "Bulava" Nws yog khoom, thiab "Sineva" - kua. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov theem kawg ntawm lub missile davhlau "mace" yog siv fluidic lub cev muaj zog, muab sij hawm ntxiv kom ceev thiab Maneuvering.

Thaj yeeb daim ntaub ntawv ballistic cuaj luaj

Conversion kev pab cuam outboard ballistic cuaj luaj twb lub hauv paus rau tus tsim ntawm xws nqa raws li "Wave" thiab "Calm".

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv poob rau hauv lawv muaj peev xwm, "Union" thiab "Proton", tab sis nws yog heev zoo yoog mus rau spacecraft tus me nyuam mus rau hauv cov uas tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb orbit.

Cov ceg ua "Calm" thiab "Wave" los ua lug paub ua tsaug rau lub fact tias lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm R-29R (missile "Sineva").

Nyob rau hauv 1991-1993, Lavxias teb sab submariners tau ua peb pib ntawm xws cuaj luaj rau suborbital trajectory.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm yuav nthuav kom nco ntsoov? Conversion hom cuaj luaj "Sineva" txawm tau txais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Guinness ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv raws li qhov ceev tshaj-mail.

Lub rau hli ntuj 7, 1995 nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij R-29R nrog ib tug txheej ntawm scientific cov khoom launched los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nuclear-powered Icebreaker "Ryazan". Nyob rau board thiab tseem muab tso rau e-mail xov xwm. Tom qab 20 feeb, ya 9000 km, lub tshuaj ntsiav ntse tauj mus rau Kamchatka.