"Bulava" (foob pob ua ntxaij) yam ntxwv. Intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava"

"Mace" - yog ib tug ntawm cov newest tsim ntawm domestic foob pob ua ntxaij. Tseem tuaj kuaj rau cov cuab yeej. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua tsis tau tejyam, prompting loj thuam los ntawm cov kws txawj. Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias lub "Bulava" - ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij, uas tus yam ntxwv yog tiag tiag tshwj xeeb, thiab raws nraim li cas koj yuav kawm tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Nws yog ib nqi hmoog rau lub fact tias cov khoom-roj ballistic missile tsim kom haum raws li nuclear submarines ( "Shark" hom).

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

"Bulava" txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ballistic missile nyob rau hauv 1998 xyoo. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tus ncej ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation Navy yog Vladimir Kuroyedov, uas tsim lub cuab tam ntawm "Tawv" xaiv yaam lub hom phiaj. Lub complex twb npaj los ntawm tsuas 70%, thiab nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau hai. Tom qab hais tias, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation Council txiav txim siab mus rau cov hloov txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub newest intercontinental ballistic missile tsam lub koom haum ntawm Thermal Technology, txawm lub fact tias lub caij nyoog kawg no yog tsis tuaj kiag li los ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm kev tsim tej riam phom. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2009, nws ua nws cov thawj xeem "Bulava" missile, uas muaj pov thawj kev vam meej. Tom qab hais tias, nws twb txiav txim siab tso serial ntau lawm ntawm cov feem ntau paub tab qhov chaw thiab cov rooj sib txoos. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov hais tias cov ntaub ntawv cuaj luaj nkag mus hauv kev pab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2012. Raws li ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 2014, nws tau ua txog 46 rockets, hais txog 14 uas tau launched thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev xeem.

tu ncua kev nyuaj siab

Rau hnub tim, qhov kev txiav txim tau nqa tawm 20 kev ntsuam xyuas, tsuas yog 55% zoo. Tus thawj lub community launch txog lub missile "Bulava" (hnyav thiab loj layout) twb nqa tawm Cuaj hlis 23, 2004. Qhov thib ob, uas yuav tsum tau hu ua lub thawj yeej muaj tseeb, yog ua Cuaj hlis 25, 2005. Ces intercontinental missile "Bulava" tau ntse tiav nws lub hom phiaj thiab ntaus nws. Qhov thib peb lub community launch los ntawm ib tug submerged txoj hauj lwm nrog rau cov nuclear submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2005. Target rau lub kurÅ xeem ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb, ntse ntaus. Ntau ntawm cov nram qab no kev ntsuam xyuas tau tsis txhij. Lub cav tsis kam kawg kua foob pob ua ntxaij theem, nws deviated los ntawm cov hoob kawm thiab poob, cia li banal self-destructed. Lub tsuas xwm zoo yog hais tias tus tsim nyog cov lus xaus thiab hloov tej yam Cheebtsam tau ua nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm hai tej kev txom nyem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, 9 lub xeem 10 kev ntsuam xyuas tau kev vam meej, thiab nws yog ib tug heev zoo tshwm sim. Tam sim no cia saib lwm nthuav taw tes.

Lub missile "Bulava": Nta

Qhov no txoj boasts hauv qab no nta:

• Radius - 8000 kilometers.
• Nyhav Li Cas (oob khab) - 36.8 tons.
• Muab (resettable) hnyav - 1150 kgs.
• Length / lub lub cheeb ntawm lub community launch canister - 12.1 / 2.1 meters.
• Cov kab uas hla ntawm lub thawj theem - 2.0 meters.

Lub missile "Bulava", tus yam ntxwv uas koj nyuam qhuav kawm, muaj peb theem. Ob tug tau tsim ua ntej, thiab lub xeem - kua. tus thawj theem engine hnyav yog hais txog 18.5 tons nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 3.6 meters. Thaum lub thib ob theem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau tsis tau qhia tawm rau hnub tim. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm 2014 nws twb tsis paub tias yuav ua li cas ua lub thib peb theem. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav confidently hais tias nws yog kua. Qhov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws Maneuvering khoom nyob rau hauv lub theem kawg ntawm lub davhlau. Qhov no missile nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav nqa txog 10 nuclear units, txhua yam uas yog controllable. Nws yog yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog lub npe hu mus rau hnub tim.

Tsis ntev los no kev pauv hloov nyob rau hauv lub complex

Nws twb kawm tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub complex yuav ua tau ib tug tshwj xeeb system los mus kov yeej missile tiv thaiv. Tab sis nws yuav tsum yog rau lub system twb tsis tau piav qhia. Tej zaum nws yuav yog ib cuav phiaj, los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej uas ua rau lub tsev tsis muaj neeg pom rau radar. Qhov no top-secret cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsis muab nthuav tawm. Nyias, ib tug ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau hais tias tus missile "Bulava", tus yam ntxwv ntawm uas peb twb sib tham, tau me ntsis modernized nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ob peb xyoos ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus twb hloov chaw ua taus zes nuclear units. Yog hais tias ua ntej lawm foob pob ua ntxaij tso zis unit tshaj lub hom phiaj, ces pib dua (tawg khiav ri niab) lawv, tam sim no siv tus cai hais txog "pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab", los yog "lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tsheb npav" - US terminology. Txij li thaum lub "Topol-M" thiab "Bulava" tsim nyob rau tib lub hauv paus (Moscow lub koom haum Thermal Technology), thiab cov neeg ntawm lub thawj ua yog loj heev, peb yuav hais nrog zoo cog qoob loo mus rau lub siab efficiency ntawm intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava". Tab sis, vim muaj cov sib txawv versions - "Bulava-30", "Bulava-M", nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais dab tsi txog cov neeg thiab lwm yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug complex.

Tus nqi ntawm "Bulava" missile

Ballistic missile yuav luag tag nrho cov sij hawm nws davhlau yog unmanageable. Onboard electronics muaj ib tug kev pab cuam uas yuav txiav txim cov kev ceev thiab trajectory ntawm cov sib ntaus yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub active theem. Tom qab lub engine yog switched tawm, tus missile tsiv rau ib tug ballistic trajectory thiab tsis yog tswj los ntawm sab nraum. Peb yuav hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm ib tug ballistic missile nruab nrab thiab luv luv ntau yog zoo tib yam. Tab sis txij thaum peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog ib tug intercontinental ballistic missile, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus nqi yog me ntsis siab dua thiab yog hais txog 5-6 kilometers moos. Yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm tsis muaj npe vim hais tias lawv tsis paub rau hnub tim. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav hais tias thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam nws twb muab sau tseg tias foob pob ua ntxaij 14 feeb ya mus 5500 kilometers. Los ntawm no peb yuav ua ib tug yooj yim xaus hais tias ib tug thib ob missile yoov txog 6-7 kilometers. Peb yuav hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm lub missile "Bulava" heev impressive, Txawm li cas los, raws li muaj ntau yam lus ceeb toom, lub US xws ceg yog dog dig sai.

ib tug me ntsis ntawm kev thuam

Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, vim hais tias ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj feem pua ntawm cov kev vam meej kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib tug ballistic missile "Bulava" raug kev txom nyem ib tug ntau ntawm kev thuam, tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov domestic scholars. Yog li, tus neeg Mis Kas hais tias qhov no ua yog yuav luag ib puas feem pua yog zoo li ntawd ntawm ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij "Poseidon-C3". Txawm li cas los, lub tom kawg twb rho los ntawm cov kev pab raws li ib tug outdated. Tab sis vim lub fact tias muaj muaj tsuas yog ob tug tau roj systems, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam tsuas yog tsib thiab ib nrab txhiab kilometers. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau cov kws txawj hais tias cov muab los ntawm cov kua hiav txwv-raws li cov cuaj luaj yuav xws counterparts raws li "Bulava" yuav tsuas txo lub peev xwm rau nuclear deterrence. Tab sis, raws li Xatau-ntoos (Chief Designer), txo lub payload vim lub zog ciaj sia taus ntawm cuaj luaj.

Ib txhia kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntsuam xyuas

Muaj ntau cov kws txawj muaj feem ntau criticized lub complex. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub community launch txog lub "Bulava" missile nyob rau hauv 45% ntawm cov neeg yog hai. Txawm hais tias nws yog heev teeb meem ntxiv, raws li ob peb ntsuam xyuas tau cov kev vam meej, tab sis nws muaj ib tug deflection. Ntxiv mus, kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov hai launches tau ua ntau nyob rau hauv active kev loj hlob. Tab sis thaum lub missile twb tsim, uas ntawm 10 pib tsuas yog ib qho pov thawj yuav tsum tau hai. Cov nuj nqis qhia yog cov lus rov - hais tias ib tug ballistic missile "Bulava" tsis tshua muaj txhim khu kev qha, yog li mus hais lus. Yuri Solomonov ua tus saib txog cov loj tus naj npawb ntawm failures thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam. Nws hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua twv seb. Lub fact tias tag nrho cov dab ua rau lub rejection, kis tau rau hauv ib tug split thib ob. Thiab hais lawv qhov MIT nws ua dozens ntawm kim kev ntsuam xyuas, uas thaum kawg coj mus rau ib tug zoo qauv.

Ib me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm complex

Raws li twb muab sau me ntsis siab dua intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava" yog nws nyob rau hauv nws zoo. Qhov no yog feem ntau vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev sib ntaus los cuaj luaj peev xwm ntawm tiv hluav taws kub laser phom. Nws yog noteworthy uas tus nqes hav ntawm pib tso cai rau koj mus pib "ya", piv txwv li thaum lub sij hawm lub zog ntawm tus nuclear submarine. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom qhov yooj ntawm lub complex raws li ib tug tag nrho. Incidentally, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab ib tug series ntawm hai tej kev txom nyem Solomon resigned li cov thawj coj ntawm MIT, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog general designer ntawm lub complex. Thiab tam sim no wb tham txog hais tias, nyob rau hauv dab tsi khoom intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava" yuav siv

kev pab complex

Vim qhov no yog tsim raws li ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij nkoj missile complex, nws yog ib zajlus kom xav hais tias cov thawj tswj tsev kawm qhov chaw ntawm kev pab - nuclear submarines. Strategic submarine cruisers zoo "Shark" peb tes num, piv txwv li, "Dmitry Donskoy" thiab "Arkhangelsk", twb muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov arsenal no complex. Incidentally, nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, muaj duab, qhov twg lub complex pib los ntawm lub Premier League thaum lub caij zoo zoo nkauj impressive, "Bulava" (yees duab). Lub missile yog tseem ntsia rau cov khoom ntawm lub "Boreas". Ntawm lawv, "Yury Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" thiab lwm tus neeg. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 2020 yog npaj los tsim kom tau txog 8 submarines, ntawm uas 3 ntawm lub project "Lub Shark" thiab 5 - rau "Boreas". Nyob rau txhua eyeliner yog 16 missile "Bulava".

xaus

Yog li ntawd peb saib nrog rau koj lub yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov "Bulava" complex (yees duab), lub missile raws li koj tau pom, nws zoo heev impressive, thiab tsis ntev los no kev ntsuam xyuas hais nws cov high efficiency. Cuaj kaum, tus zoo tagnrho lub npe nws yog heev yooj yim. Tab sis ntawm no yog kom ntxiv dag zog lub peev xwm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab submarine nws ua tau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txo lub peev xwm ntawm lub complex yog vim muaj zog cov neeg. Muaj ntau critics tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub persistence ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog analogues. Kuj mus ua yam ua si yuav luag ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm tus cwj pwm ntawm hostilities.