Avogadro Amedeo yog tus founder ntawm kev tshawb xav molecular

Avogadro Amedeo yog Italian paub zoo thiab kws tshuaj. Nws yog tus founder ntawm kev tshawb xav molecular. Kev lees paub tau txais ib nrab xyoo tom qab nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no koj yuav raug nthuav tawm nrog ib phau ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb.

Kev Kawm

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro yug nyob rau hauv Turin (Ltalis) nyob rau hauv 1776. Leej txiv ntawm tus tub, Filippo, tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub judicial department. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tsev neeg muaj yim tus me nyuam (Amedeo - peb). Hauv nws tus hluas, Avogadro tau mus kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm physics physics thiab geometry. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm txoj hauj lawm yog pub, yog li nws yuam kom ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm nws txiv thiab coj li jurisprudence. Nyob rau hauv 1792, Avogadro nkag mus hauv University of Turin. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoos, Amedeo twb tau mus kawm hauv ib lub tsev kawm Vajluskub hauv kev cai lij choj. Tab sis tus tub hluas ntawd txoj kev xav hauv physics tsis ploj, tab sis tsuas yog ua kom muaj zog. Tsib xyoos tom qab nws tau ua tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb xwb los kawm nws.

Kev ua ub no

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv koj daim teb no pib ntawm Avogadro Amedeo nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ntau yam hluav taws xob tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1800, kev txaus siab rau hauv no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nce, vim Volta invented thawj qhov chaw tam sim no. Zoo, tag nrho cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua raws li kev sib tham ntawm Alessandro thiab Galliano txog qhov ntawm hluav taws xob. Nws yog to taub tias Amedeo txiav txim siab los paub nws tus kheej hauv qhov no.

Tej hauj lwm Avogadro, devoted rau hluav taws xob, tawm mus txog 1846. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau kawm nruj heev. Tab sis hluav taws xob tsis yog thaj chaw ntawm Amedeo Avogadro ua haujlwm xwb. Tus kws tshuaj yog nws txoj haujlwm thib ob. Tsaug rau tus kws tshawb fawb, ib qho kev qhuab qhia tshiab tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob qho kev tshawb fawb. Nws hu ua electrochemistry. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm Avogadro tau kov cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg muaj txuj ci zoo li Berzelius thiab Davy.

Nyob rau xyoo 1803 thiab 1804, Amedeo mus rau Turin Academy nrog nws tus kwv Felice. Muaj lawv hais ob scientific ntaub ntawv mob siab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm electrochemical thiab hluav taws xob tshwm sim. Rau qhov Avogadro tau raug xaiv los ua ib tus tswv cuab ntawm cov kev kawm no. Nyob hauv thawj txoj haujlwm, Amedeo piav qhia txog kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tswv yim dielectrics thiab cov neeg sib txuas hauv ib qho hluav taws xob, thiab kuj pom tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov polarization. Tom qab, nws cov tswv yim tau siv los ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, hauv Ampere.

Haujlwm tshiab

Nyob rau xyoo 1806, Avogadro Amedeo los ua ib tug qhia hauv lub Turin lyceum, thiab peb xyoos tom qab nws tau los ua ib tug xibfwb qhia lej thiab physics, tab sis hauv lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Rau qhov no, tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tsiv mus rau lub nroog ntawm Vercelli. Muaj, Amedeo siv kaum xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, Avogadro tau nyeem ntau yam ntaub ntawv, ua ntau yam kev rho tawm. Nws tsis nres ua qhov no kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Tag nrho cov nqe lus ntawm nws tau tsim yog 75 qhov ntawm 700 nplooj ntawv txhua. Raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus, ib tug muaj peev xwm pom ntau npaum li cas qhov kev txaus siab ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, thiab dab tsi colossal ua hauj lwm nws ua nyob rau hauv nws lub neej.

Kev pom zoo ntawm Gay-Lussac txoj kev xav

Nyob rau hauv 1808, ib qho, tseem tsis tau paub ntau tus Fabkis tus kws tshawb fawb, yog kawm cov kev xav ntawm cov roj cua. Nws lub npe yog Gay-Lussac. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws pom tias qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab lawv cov derivatives correlated li cov lej me me. Xyoo 1811, Avogadro paub tseeb tias nws cov kev xav nrog nws daim ntawv "Txoj kev rau kev txiav txim siab txog pawg pob zeb loj." Nyob rau tib txoj haujlwm, Amedeo tau tuaj mus rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb kawg. Nws tau zoo li qhov no: "Nyob rau tib lub ntim ntawm roj, muaj ib txwm muaj tib lub xov tooj ntawm cov lwg me me."

Lo lus ntawm txoj cai

Nyob rau xyoo 1814, Amedeo Avogadro, ib daim duab tiag tiag uas yog nyob hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia txog ntau yam hauv physics, tso tawm lwm "Tshaj tawm ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qauv." Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib txoj cai, uas tom qab ntawd hu ua nws lub npe: "Thaum tib theem thiab kub ntxhov, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv gaseous sib npaug nrog sib npaug ntawm cov molecules." Nws kuj tau ua tswvcuab Amedeo Avogadro tus xov tooj. Qhov no yog lub xov tooj ntawm cov molecules nyob rau hauv ib mole ntawm tej yam khoom. Thiab daim duab no yog ib qho tas li.

Koj tus kheej lub neej

Avogadro Amedeo tsim ib tsev neeg lig dhau lawm. Nws yuav luag plaub caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1815 tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib yuav Anna Mazzie. Tus poj niam yog 18 xyoo yau dua nws tus txiv. Nws tau yug Amedeo ntawm yim tus me nyuam. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg mus nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm nws txiv.

Qhia

Xyoo 1820, Avogadro tau tsa tus xibfwb hauv University of Turin hauv Department of Higher Physics. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau nws tus kheej views ntawm kev qhia ntawm cov ntawv no. Lub sij hawm ntawd, Italian kev kawm yog nyob ntawm ib theem siab heev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Amedeo xav txhim kho qhov no thiab pab nws teb koj chaw nyob kom muaj ib qho chaw tsim nyog nyob teb chaws Europe ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Yog li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tau piav txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev nqis tes ua. Nws lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog muab cov kev ua ub no thiab kev qhia.

Tab sis vim kev koom tes ntawm nom tswv thiab tub rog hauv Ltalis, Amedeo tsis muaj peev xwm txhais nws txoj kev npaj ua mus rau qhov tseeb. Nyob rau hauv 1822 Turin University raug kaw los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm rau ib xyoo tag nrho vim hais tias ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv unrest. Txawm li cas los xij, Avogadro tsis tuaj yeem siv cov kev sim ua ke. Xyoo 1823, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau rov ua haujlwm, thiab Amedeo rov qab mus rau lub Department of Physics. Nyob rau hauv 1832 nws tau taws nws thiab ua haujlwm rau hauv no ncej rau lwm 18 xyoo.

Xyoo tsis ntev los no

Thaum Amedeo tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau mus nyob hauv nws lub tsev yog tus saib xyuas kev soj ntsuam ntawm Chav Saib Xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, Avogadro yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau cov cai uas nws cov kev ua ub no raug txuas nrog statistics. Txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog siab, tus kws tshawb fawb tseem tau luam tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb. Nws tau luam tawm nws cov hauj lwm kawg hauv kev luam tawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 77 xyoo.

Kev tuag

Amedeo Avogadro, nws cov ntawv luv luv uas tau nthuav tawm saum no, tuag nyob rau hauv 1856. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab faus rau hauv Vercelli hauv tsev neeg lub suab quaj. Tom qab lub xyoos dhau los, Turin University tau teeb tsa ib tus kab bronze ntawm Amedeo ntawm kev qhuas ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam.