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Avogadro tus xov tooj: interesting tseeb

Los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS Hoob no yog lub npe hu rau peb hais tias yog koj noj ib lub tias ntawm ib tug yeeb tshuaj, nws yog 6.02214084 (18) • 10 ^ 23 atoms, los yog lwm yam ntxwv hais (molecules, ions, etc.). Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm Avogadro tus xov tooj yog feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no: 6,02 • 10 ^ 23.

Txawm li cas los, yog vim li cas lub Avogadro qhov (nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian hom lus "ua Avogadro") yog precisely xws li ib tug nqi? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, thiab historians ntawm Science News for KIDS muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm versions. Lub tswv yim yog hais tias Avogadro tus xov tooj yog ib tug tsis pub leejtwg paub lub ntsiab lus. Muaj tseeb yuav tsum muaj cov khawv koob tooj, uas muaj xws li ib co naj npawb ntawm "pi", Fibonacci tooj, xya (yim nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj), 13, thiab lwm yam Peb yuav sib ntaus sib tua rau cov ntaub ntawv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Hais txog leej twg no Amedeo Avogadro, thiab yog vim li cas, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus paub txog nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd nws formulated txoj cai, pom qhov twb tseem muaj npe ib tug kev ua qab yias saum lub hli, peb yuav tsis tham. Qhov no twb sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom.

Yuav kom leej, Amedeo Avogadro twb tsis koom nyob rau hauv suav ntawm molecules los yog atoms nyob rau hauv tej qho kev volume. Cov thawj uas sim los xyuas seb yuav ua li cas npaum li cas ntawm cov roj molecules muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muab ntim nyob rau tib lub siab thiab kub yog Josef Loschmidt, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv 1865 xyoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lawv thwmsim Loschmidt xaus lus tias nyob rau hauv ib tug nyhav centimeter ntawm tej roj nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob yog 2,68675 • 10 ^ 19 molecules.

Tom qab, nws twb yees ua los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sab nraud txoj kev yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim lub Avogadro tsis tu ncua, thiab txij li thaum lub tau nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov match, nws yuav ib zaug dua hais nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tiag tiag hav zoov ntawm molecules. Thaum lub caij, lub xov tooj ntawm txoj kev tau zoo tshaj 60, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo, zaum no sim mus ntxiv txhim kho cov neeg ntawm lub kwv yees, ua kom paub ib tug tshiab ntsiab txhais ntawm lub sij hawm "kilogram". Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, cov kilogram yog txuam nrog rau cov xaiv standard khoom tsis muaj yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus txhais.

Tiam sis rov qab mus rau peb lub thawj lo lus nug - yog vim li cas qhov no qhov yog sib npaug zos rau 6,022 • 10 ~ 23?

Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, nyob rau hauv 1973, nws twb npaj siab yuav ua kom paub xws li ib tug lub tswv yim rau lub yooj yim nyob rau hauv cov lus teb raws li lub "nqi ntawm yam khoom uas". Lub hauv paus rau ntsuas cov nyiaj los ua mol. Raws li cov tswv yim ntawm IUPAC, tus nqi ntawm tej yam khoom uas nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau nws tej elementary hais. Lub proportionality tau tsis yog nyob rau hom tshuaj, thiab Avogadro tus xov tooj yog nws rov qab muaj nqis.

Rau clarity, cia wb muab tej piv txwv. Raws li peb paub los ntawm lub ntsiab txhais ntawm atomic loj unit 1 amu Nws sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau ib thiab kaum ob lub loj ntawm ib tug carbon atom thiab 12c yog 1,66053878 • 10 ^ (- 24) gram. Yog hais tias koj muab 1 amu ntawm Avogadro tsis tu ncua, peb tau 1,000 g / mol. Tam sim no siv ib co tshuaj caij, piv txwv li, beryllium. Raws li lub rooj loj ntawm beryllium atom yog 9,01 amu Peb suav uas yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug tias ntawm atoms ntawm lub caij:

6,02 x 10 ^ 23 mol-1 * 1.66053878h10 ^ (- 24) * 9,01 grams = 9,01 grams / tus nas.

Yog li, nws zoo nkaus li uas lub hniav puas loj txaus coincides nrog atomic.

Avogadro qhov tau xaiv thiaj li hais tias cov hniav puas loj corresponded mus rau ib qho atomic los yog dimensionless kom muaj nuj nqis - txheeb ze molecular (atomic) ceeb thawj. Peb yuav hais tias Avogadro tus xov tooj yog yuam ua hauj lwm rau nws tsos rau hauv ib tes, lub atomic loj tsev, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - ib tug ntau tsev muab piv yuag - grams.

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