Antiretroviral tshuaj: daim ntawv teev thiab zaj lus tim khawv. Heev active antiretroviral kho

HIV yog tsis yog ib tug txiav txim hnub no. Cov neeg mob yuav xyuam xim nyob nrog kab mob no, ua hauj lwm, pib ib lub tsev neeg. Txhua yam koj yuav tau ua - yog mus yauv mus tsis tu ncua txoj kev kho nrog antiretroviral chemotherapeutic agents. Tag nrho cov tsev no muab faib mus rau hauv peb cov chav kawm ntawv: lub HIV protease inhibitors, nucleoside thiab uas tsis yog-nucleoside HIV rov qab transcriptase inhibitors.

Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov tias antiretroviral tshuaj yuav tsis tau kiag li kho ntawm AIDS. Raug txim tiv thaiv kab mob no kuj tsis vam meej. Tshuaj tsuas inhibit lub npaug ntawm cov kab mob, pab los txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob. Hauv qab no yuav tsum piav txog tus feem ntau thov antiretrovirals.

"Lamivudine"

Tus neeg saib xyuas hais txog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm nucleoside HIV rov qab transcriptase inhibitors. Antiviral neeg sawv cev penetrates mus rau lub hlwb thiab metabolized muaj, li no yuav ua tau rau inhibition ntawm tus kab mob replication. Txoj kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV-kab mob siv ib tug yeeb tshuaj "Lamivudine" qhia tau hais tias high efficiency. Lub cuab tam yog tseem dhia tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. Cov tshuaj no yog sai absorbed txaus los ntawm cov hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Ib teev tom qab haus bioavailability nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav nce mus txog qhov taw qhia 80%. Kev sib txuas lus ntshav protein yog 30%. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus active tivthaiv yog yooj yim crosses cov placental barrier.

Tshuaj "Lamivudine" yog siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam. Feem ntau cov feem ntau cov tshuaj yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua ke nrog txoj kev kho (yeem siv ntawm lwm antiviral agents rau cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV). Tsis tas li ntawd cov tshuaj yuav muab nyob rau hauv mob viral kab mob siab B. Cov tshuaj yog tsis txhob thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Qhov chaw yuav siv tau rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam mos. Tsis txhob siv yeeb tshuaj nqi xwb nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias muaj yog ib tug nce rhiab heev rau lub Cheebtsam.

tshuaj cov kev sib tshuam

Joint txais tos txhais tau tias "Lamivudine" thiab "Zimavudin" tau. Nws yog ib nqi xav tias cov bioavailability ntawm cov tshuaj ho txo. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv ob qho tib si tshuaj, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj didanosine los yog sulfanilamin. Tsis ua li ntawd yuav ua rau kom cov aggravation ntawm pancreatitis. Ho tsub kom lub concentration ntawm active tshuaj - lamivudine - ntshav tshuaj "TMP".

Therapy yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hwj tshuaj. Muas ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj yuav tsis tau ib tug kho "Lamivudine" tsis muaj ib tug tshuaj. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog 3,500 rubles. Cov tshuaj thiab kev kho mob regimen specialist poob lawm, raws li nyob rau hauv tus neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob.

Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv cautiously nrog raum tsis ua haujlwm. Lub medicament yuav raug muab tso rau ib tug neeg txawj nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus npaum tus nqi yog neeg no yog tsawg tshaj li 50 ml / min. Vim cov kev kho mob regimen, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account uas lub active tivthaiv zoo nkaus li mas ob lub raum. Cov neeg uas muaj impaired siab muaj nuj nqi ntau npaum hloov yog yuav tsum tau. Thaum koj pom tej alarming cov tsos mob li mob plab, xeev siab, ntuav, txhais tau tias "Lamivudine" yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg. Tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb ua kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus neeg mob. Therapy yuav resumed tsuas yog thaum tus mob yog kav "mob pancreatitis".

Pib nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV kab mob yog "Lamivudine". Nqe ntawm cov tshuaj yog tus uas tsis muaj. Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj yuav tsis tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov ntshav los yog kev sib daj deev. Cov tshuaj yuav siv tsis tau raws li ib tug prophylactic.

"DdI"

Cov tshuaj noj los yog ib co active tiv thaiv kab mob HIV. Kws txawj nquag siv txhais tau tias "Didanosine." Phau Ntawv Qhia qhia txog cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv thov, indications thiab ntau npaum. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, chewable ntsiav tshuaj, tsiav tshuaj. Nrog lawv pab, kuj tau npaj ib tug slurry. Active tivthaiv yog didanosine. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws tshuaj siv, raws li aspartame, magnesium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, magnesium stearate, thiab txiv kab ntxwv soob tsw. Txhais tau tias yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum ntawm 100, 125, 200 thiab 400 mg.

Didanosine yog ib tug hluavtaws nucleoside analogue dioksiadenozina suppresses HIV teb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub cev. Lub bioavailability ntawm lub active ingredient nce mus txog 60% ib teev tom qab noj cov tshuaj hauv. Ntau zoo tshuaj yuav, yog hais tias nws yog siv rau ib teev ua ntej noj mov los yog 2 teev tom qab noj mov. Siv ua ke nrog cov khoom noj thiaj li bioavailability ntawm lub active ingredient nyob rau hauv 50%. Tso tawm cov tshuaj los ntawm lub siab thiab ob lub raum. Metabolism hauv didanosine nyob ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm lub raum muaj nuj nqi.

Lub medicament tej zaum yuav tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj antiviral los kho kab mob HIV. Lub medicament yog tau tso cai kom taw poj niam thaum lub sij hawm hnub thiab lactation. Tsis txhob txhais tau tias "ddI" thiab cov me nyuam. Taw ib tug yeeb tshuaj xwb cov me nyuam mos mus rau peb lub xyoos. Ncua tseg tshuaj yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias muaj yog ib tug muaj zog rhiab heev rau lub ntsiab tivthaiv. Cov neeg uas muaj kev zoo siab muaj nuj nqi medicament yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj.

Yuav ua li cas noj cov tshuaj?

Tus kws kho mob tsim tshuaj nyob ntawm seb lub heev ntawm tus kab mob no, thiab tus neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob. Antiretroviral txoj kev kho yuav nqa tawm raws li cov tswv yim pom zoo teev nyob rau hauv cov kev qhia ntawv. Lub sij hawm twg yog nyob ntawm lub cev hnyav. Cov neeg uas nws qhov ceeb thawj tsis ntau tshaj 60 kg, yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 250 mg ntawm yeeb tshuaj ib hnub twg. Rau cov neeg mob uas ntau tshaj 60 kg, ntau npaum yuav mus txog 400 mg. Tshuaj Ntsiav coj ib hnub ib zaug. Lawv yuav tsis zom. Nws yuav tsum tau coj kom ntau ntawm cov dej. Nws yog pom zoo kom hais tias txoj kev kho nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, nyob rau ib qho kev npliag plab.

Ntsiav tshuaj tej zaum kuj yuav siv tau los npaj ib tug slurry. Txhua yam koj yuav tau ua yog dilute tus neeg saib xyuas ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm boiled dej. Tag nrho cov hnub tus nqi yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob kauj ruam. Npaj ib ncua kev kawm ntawv yuav tsis tau khaws cia rau ntau tshaj li ib teev. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj, txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau noj ua ntej yuav mus pw ntawm 2 teev tom qab noj mov. Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv 5 lub xyoos ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsa xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib ncua kev kawm.

Cov neeg mob tom qab 70 xyoo ua ib koob tshuaj haum. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog ntxhov raum muaj nuj nqi. Standard hnub tus nqi yuav ua rau kev phiv xws li pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tus mob huam tej zaum yuav tsim tsis kaj siab phenomena xws li qhov ncauj qhuav, anorexia, xeev siab, ntuav. Yog hais tias deterioration ntawm kev noj qab nyob tus neeg mob yog pom zoo kom thov rau ib tug kev sib tham nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj rau ib tug zoo neeg hloov zov ( "Thymidine" los yog analogs ntawm "Thymidine", "ABC", "Lamivudine").

"Videx"

Active tivthaiv ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tseem didanosine. Antiretroviral cov tshuaj los ntawm qhov no pab pawg neeg yog lug siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV kab mob. Qhov zoo qhov tseeb yog tias cov tshuaj yuav siv tau rau cov me nyuam mos thiab me nyuam me. Yau cov neeg mob tus neeg saib xyuas "Videx" yog muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hmoov rau ncua kev kawm ntawv. Ntau npaum yog xam ib lub zuj zus nyob rau hauv raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tus kab mob, thiab tus neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob. Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tsuas yog tsim meem kev txhawj xeeb rau didanosine.

Antiretroviral txoj kev kho yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau tom qab qhov kev nrhiav kom tau ntawm tus kab mob. Raws li ib tug tiv thaiv kev noj tshuaj yog tsis siv. Tshuaj muaj zoo tsis muaj contraindications. Ntsiav tshuaj los yog hmoov "Videx" tsis ua phiv los, Yog hais tias zoo xaiv ntau npaum regimen. Ncua tseg cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug suspicion rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pancreatitis.

"AZT"

Cov tshuaj noj los yog ib co active tiv thaiv kab mob HIV. Active tivthaiv yog zidovudine. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv piav qhia txog thiab koom haum pab. Cov no muaj xws pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Tus zaj duab xis txheej yog muaj titanium dioxide, polydextrose, glyceryl kaprilokaprata. Ib tug yeeb tshuaj siv raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua ke nrog txoj kev kho, xws li kab mob HIV-1 kab mob. Thaum lub sij hawm uas cev xeeb tub, cov tshuaj yuav siv tau raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm perinatal kis tau tus mob ntawm tus kab mob no los ntawm leej niam mus rau fetus.

Cov tshuaj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications. Ntsiav tshuaj "AZT" yog tsis muab rau cov me nyuam thiab neeg laus cov neeg mob uas muaj tsawg tshaj 30 kg. Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, tej zaum nws yuav tsim meem kev txhawj xeeb mus rau lub active tivthaiv. Txais tshuaj sab hauv, tsis hais txog ntawm cov mov noj. Cov neeg uas yuav cov khoom "Zidovudine 300", koj yuav tsum siv ob ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub twg. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob nyhav ntau tshaj 60 kg, nws yog tsim nyog los noj 20 mg ntawm cov tshuaj ib hnub ob zaug.

Nws yog hais txog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm high-luv nqi tshuaj, "AZT". Tus nqi ntawm ib tug pob ntawm 60 ntsiav tshuaj ntau tshaj li 10 000 rubles.

"Abacavir"

Lub active feem ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yog abacavir sulfate. Cov tshuaj yog dav siv nyob rau hauv antiviral txoj kev kho tus kab mob HIV. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj xws li cov nram qab no Cheebtsam: microcrystalline cellulose, hlau oxide daj, Polysorbate, titanium dioxide, magnesium stearate, Opadry Daj, triacetin. Tshuaj yuav tsuas yuav siv tau raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua ke nrog txoj kev kho. Tsis muab cov tshuaj "ABC" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm npau taws me ntsis mus rau lub ntsiab tivthaiv. Tshuaj txhob nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais cov neeg mob uas nws qhov ceeb thawj tsis ntau tshaj 14 kg. Ceev faj yuav tsum txoj kev kho ntawm cov neeg mob raum insufficiency.

Cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog xam ib lub zuj zus nyob rau hauv raws li qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg mob mob. Rau cov neeg laus, lub nruab nrab txhua hnub intake yog 600 mg ib hnub twg (muab faib ua peb feem). Siv cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj.

Tsis tas li ntawd xa mus rau raws li ib tug kim txhais tau tias ntawm "ABC". Tus nqi ntawm ib tug pob yus kev noj tshuaj yuav muaj nqi tshaj 15 000 rubles.

"Ziagen"

Active tivthaiv, raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, yog abacavir sulfate. Npaj cov analogues thiab nws yuav hloov txhua lwm yam. Txhais tau hais tias "Ziagen" zoo siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob HIV kab mob. Cov tshuaj yuav pab rau kev txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob, rov qab mus rau lub neej zoo. Cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj zoo tsis muaj contraindications. Nws tsis yog muab rau cov tshuaj xwb nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas nws qhov ceeb thawj tsis ntau tshaj 14 kg.

Lub sij hawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nws yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li tus neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob (qhov hnyav, muaj hnub nyoog). Cov me nyuam mos uas luj tsawg tshaj li 20 kg, xeem nyob rau ib nrab ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub ob zaug. Txhua hnub tus nqi rau ib tug neeg laus neeg mob tej zaum yuav mus txog peb lub ntsiav tshuaj ib hnub twg.

Tsis yog kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua tau kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sab los. Nws yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob raws plab, mob plab, xeev siab thiab ntuav. Cov txheej xwm tej zaum yuav qhia pancreatitis. Tsis tas li ntawd nquag cai kev tsis haum tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob thiab khaus.

"Ziagen" tshuaj tej zaum yuav zoo yuav hloov los ntawm ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm "AZT". Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog zoo tib yam.

"Olitid"

Cov tshuaj noj los active tiv thaiv kab mob HIV. Active tivthaiv - abacavir sulfate. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov rau ncua kev kawm ntawv, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj. Txhais tau hais tias "Olitid" tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub complex txoj kev kho. Self-tshuaj yog tsis tau siv. Cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Cov ntsiav tshuaj daim ntawv npaj tej zaum yuav siv tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas nws cov hnyav tshaj 14 kg. Yuav ceev faj tsa "Olitid" tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog. Qhov no yog vim txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm.

Antiretroviral tshuaj, xws li cov tshuaj "Olitid" yog siv nruj me ntsis rau cov uas lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Yuav kom yuav tshuaj ntawm ib tug muag tshuaj tsis muaj ib tug tshuaj yuav tsis tau.

"Retrovir"

Ib tug yeeb tshuaj lug siv nyob rau hauv lub complex txoj kev kho tus kab mob HIV. Tom qab haus neeg sawv cev sai heev absorbed los ntawm cov hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Active tivthaiv yooj yim penetrates rau hauv lub placental barrier. Qhov no yog coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim kev kho mob kiag rau cev xeeb tub cov poj niam. Lub medicament yuav siv tau raws li ib tug kev HIV kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau laboratory neeg ua hauj lwm uas coj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab mob cov ntaub ntawv.

Ntau npaum yog txiav txim ib lub zuj zus los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Maximum hnub tus nqi rau cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm tsis ntau tshaj 600 mg. Kws txawj pom zoo kom mus faib nws mus rau hauv peb feem. Ib tug zoo tshaj txhais tau tias yuav yog hais tias koj muab nws rau ib qho kev npliag plab. Thaum tshwm sim ntawm tej kev phiv yuav tsum tham nrog ib tug kws kho mob.