Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography, creativity

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm creativity ntawm sau ntawv los ua tus Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Ib tug hero-tub rog Vasily Terkin nws tsim yog xws li ib tug lossis loj tej chaw, peb yuav hais, nws muaj surpassed tus sau. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Soviet txawj sau ntawv ceeb peb sib tham txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography

Chaw yug ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub qub style 8 Lub rau hli ntuj (lub rau hli ntuj 21 - tus tshiab) nyob rau hauv 1910 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Zagorje, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Smolensk. Nws txiv, Trifon Gordeevich, yog ib tug kws ntaus hlau, thiab nws niam, Maria Mitrofanovna tau zoo li ib tsev neeg ntawm smallholders (cov tswv teb, uas nyob rau hauv lub tuaj txog pem ntwg ntawm Guj kuj thiab yuav tsum tau zov nws ciam teb rau lwm).

Nws txiv, txawm nws cov neeg pluag lub hauv paus pib, yog ib tug literate txiv neej thiab hlub mus nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev raug ntiab txawm phau ntawv. Tau nyeem thiab leej niam ntawm tus yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv.

Thaum Alexander tus kwv yau Ivan, yug nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914, uas tom qab los ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv.

thaum yau

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics ntawm lub tsev tau ntsib Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Luv luv biography ntawm tus kws qhia peb tias tsev neeg Twardowski yog cov kev cai - lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj, ib tug neeg los ntawm cov niam txiv nyeem ntawv nrov nrov Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Nws twb ces nrhiav ib tug hlub ntawm Twardowski ntaub ntawv thiab txawm pib sau ntawv rau thawj nqe, tsis tau tsis tshua kawm sau competently.

Alexander kawm me me uas nyob deb nroog tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv kaum plaub xyoo pib xa mus rau lub zos ntawv xov xwm rau cov ntawv me me sau ntawv, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj txawm tau luam. Tsis ntev Twardowski dared xa thiab kwv huam. Editor ntawm lub zos ntawv xov xwm "Ua hauj lwm Txoj kev" teg num txhawb cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas pab nws kov yeej nws tej yam ntuj tso shyness thiab pib mus rau luam tawm.

Smolensk-Moscow

Tom qab high school nws tsiv mus rau Smolensk Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (biography thiab tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm). Ntawm no yog lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv xav kom tog twg los kawm ntxiv los yog nrhiav ib txoj hauj lwm, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug los yog cov lwm yam nws yuav tsis tau ua - nws yuav tsum tau tsawg kawg yog ib co zoo ntawm tshwj xeeb, uas nws ua tsis tau.

Twardowski nyob rau pennies uas coj fickle txawj cov nyiaj tau, uas yuav tsum tau ua lub ceeb toom khoom. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub capital, "Lub kaum hli ntuj" magazine kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug muaj tau luam tawm, nws tau mus Moscow, tiam sis ntawm no nws tsis yog koob hmoov luag nyav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv 1930, Twardowski twb yuam kom rov qab mus rau Smolensk, qhov uas nws siv lub tom ntej no rau lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Thaum lub sij hawm no nws muaj peev xwm mus nkag rau hauv pedagogical lub koom haum, uas yog tsis tau tiav, thiab dua mus rau Moscow, uas nyob rau hauv 1936 nws twb mus MIFLI.

Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, Twardowski tau ua koom luam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1936 nws luam tawm cov paj huam "Lub Thaj av ntawm ntsaum", nplooj siab mus rau lub collectivization uas qhuas nws. tuaj thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam Tvardovsky "Nyob deb nroog Chronicle" nyob rau hauv 1939.

tsov rog xyoo

Nyob rau hauv 1939 nws tau nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Red Army Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography ntawm tus kws ntawm no taw tes hloov dheev - nws yog nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thaj Belarus. "Red Army" Txij li thaum 1941, Twardowski ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Voronezh ntawv xov xwm.

Qhov no lub sij hawm yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm flowering ntawm creativity ntawm tus kws. Dhau li ntawm tus zoo-paub paj huam "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski tsim ib tug "Frontline Chronicle" voj voog ntawm cov kwv huam thiab pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov paj huam "Txoj kev lub tsev", uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Biography Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha yog tej nrog ib tug ntau yam uas muaj tswv yim ua tau, tab sis cov biggest ntawm lawv yog sau zaj paj huam "Vasily Terkin". Ib tug ua hauj lwm sau thoob plaws hauv ob ntiaj teb rog, uas yog, los ntawm 1941 mus 1945. Nws luam tawm nws nyob rau hauv daim me me nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawv xov xwm, li no raising morale ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog.

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog yus muaj los ntawm leej, ntshiab thiab yooj yim style, ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua. Txhua rov zaj paj huam txuas nrog nrog txhua lwm yam tsuas yog txoj kev lub protagonist. Twardowski nws tus kheej hais tias qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws thiab nws cov kev txawj nyeem ntawv yuav poob thaum twg lub sij hawm ntawd, yog li txhua zaj dabneeg yuav tsum tau tiav nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem qub ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, uas tau raug pib.

Zaj dab neeg no ua Twardowski cult tau sau rau hauv wartime. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kws sau paj lug twb muab tsub rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, 1 st thiab 2 nd degree.

Post-tsov rog ua hauj lwm

Tseem active txawj ua hauj lwm tom qab tsov rog, Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog complemented los ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tug tshiab paj huam "Rau deb - nrug", uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1950 mus 1960.

Los ntawm 1967 mus rau 1969, ib tug txawj sau ntawv ua hauj lwm rau ib tug ntawv ua hauj lwm ntawm "Human nco." Cov paj huam qhia qhov tseeb txog txoj hmoo ntawm nws txiv Twardowski, uas los ua ib tug tsim txom los ntawm collectivization thiab raug ntes. Qhov no ua hauj lwm tau txwv tsis pub rau ntawv censorship thiab tus nyeem ntawv muaj peev xwm kom tau raws li nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1987. Sau ntawv no zaj paj huam tiag puas Twardowski kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Soviet cov tub ceev xwm.

Rich yaam puab paub thiab prosaic biography Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ntawm chav kawm, sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv poetic daim ntawv no, tab sis twb luam tawm ob peb anthologies ntawm prose dab neeg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1947, nws tuaj knika "teb koj chaw thiab txawv teb chaws av", nplooj siab mus rau lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

"New World"

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub journalistic ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws. Rau ntau xyoo tau txais kev pab raws li cov thawj ntawm cov editor ntawm cov zajlus magazine "New World" Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Cov biography ntawm lub sij hawm no yog tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm collisions nrog cov nom censorship - ces koj yuav tau los mus tiv thaiv cov cai luam tawm rau ntau feemxyuam sau phau ntawv. Vim kev mob siab Twardowski tau luam khoom Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin li al.

Maj mam, lub magazine los ua ib tug loj tawm tsam tus Soviet regime. Nws sau cov sau ntawv ntawm cov sixties thiab openly qhia anti-Stalin xav. Tiag tiag yeej rau Twardowski yog kev tso cai rau lub xov xwm ntawm Solzhenitsyn zaj dab neeg.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Khrushchev lub tsab ntawm lub "New World" pib pheev muaj zog siab. Nws twb tuaj hais tias Twardowski twb yuam kom tawm hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub chief editor nyob rau hauv 1970.

Xeem xyoo thiab tuag

Qhov ntawd los mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub biography. Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky, uas nws tuag tau sau hnub tim Hlis ntuj nqeg 18, 1971 xyoo, tuag ntawm ntsws cancer. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Red Pakhra, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam. txawj sau ntawv lub cev twb faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy toj ntxas.

Aleksandr Tvardovsky nyob ib tug nplua nuj thiab muaj yeeb yuj lub neej thiab sab laug qab ib tug txawj legacy agromnoe. Muaj ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, thiab nyob twj ywm nrov rau hnub no.