Accentual-syllabic nqe: lub hauv paus pib thiab qhov ntev

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej accentual-syllabic nqe. Piav yuav ua li cas no system yog tswvcuab thiab tuaj mus rau Russia, peb piav qhia txog lub qhov ntev.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Accentual-syllabic nqe - ib tug poetic system raws li regularity thiab grouping ntawm alternating unstressed thiab nyuab siab lub suab. Cov kwv huam sau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, tag nrho cov suab yuav grouped nyob rau hauv lub taw, uas yog lub thiaj li hu ua txawj - nyuab siab ntawv niam thiab weaknesses - unstressed ntawv niam. Yog li ntawd, tus tsom xam ntawm cov kwv huam yog qhia tsis tau tsuas yog qhov luaj li cas, tab sis kuj cov xov tooj ntawm ko taw nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab.

keeb kwm

Syllabic-tonic versification system originated nyob rau hauv European paj huam. Qhov no tshwm sim ua tsaug rau lub merger ntawm syllabic nqe lus no, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub Romance yam lus, thiab cov tonic alliterative, los ntawm Germanic lus. Qhov no txoj kev twb nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm txawv sij hawm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ces syllabo-tonic yog tsim los pab twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, ua tsaug rau George. Chaucer, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tom qab cov kho kom zoo ntawm M. Opitz.

Lavxias teb sab syllabic-tonic versification

Lub ntsiab pab mus rau lub reformation ntawm Lavxias teb sab poetic suab belongs M. V. Lomonosovu thiab V. K. Trediakovskomu.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Trediakovskii pib hais lus nrog phau ntawv, uas nws qauv yog ho sib txawv los ntawm hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm syllabic versification system raws li tus xov tooj ntawm lub suab ib kab, tsis txhob mus tus nqi ntawm cov poob siab los yog unstressed ntawv niam. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev kawm pej xeem nqe no thiab nws cov qauv, nws xaus lus tias raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification tonics.

Cov pib Trediakovskij tshawb txuas ntxiv Lomonosov. Nws yog nws leej twg tsim lub accentual-syllabic nqe nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov no system, raws li nyob rau hauv lub alternation ntawm nyuab siab thiab unstressed ntawv niam, yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev paub ntawm cov metric. Lub hauv paus syllabo- tonics nteg pej xeem nqe hauv paus ntsiab lus - lub ratio ntawm kab ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab tus xov tooj ntawm nyuab siab lub suab.

Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 twb yeej los ntawm syllabic-tonic cov paj huam. Tsuas yog ib tug ob peb paj huam tau pib nyob rau hauv sim kawm, qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau vim lub sim qog pej xeem motifs. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hais txog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 mas siv dvuslozhniki. Tus thawj active siv ternary meters pib Nekrasov.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua pib intensive poetic thwmsim, uas mas nyob rau lub tonic thiab complexity ntawm poetic daim ntawv.

Qhov ntev accentual-syllabic nqe

Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm "muaj zog" thiab "tsis muaj zog" qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub taw, ob hom syllabic-tonic ntau thiab tsawg pab sawv - thiab nws dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Rau ob-lub suab iambic plaws thiab ferrets rau peb-lub suab, nyob rau hauv lem - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

Vim hais tias ntawm cov lexical qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus ternary meters zoo li tus nyeem ntawv mus rau ntau lub suab paj nruag, txij li thaum ib tug paj huam xaiv nws cov lus nrog peb lub suab thiab tsis tshua muaj ua "stopnye hloov."

Cov hloov yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv trochaic thiab iambic tej hauj lwm, raws li nyob rau hauv tus neeg tsis ntau heev muaj zog txaus yog unstressed suab, thiab tsis muaj zog - drums. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, peb yuav hais tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab ob-lub suab taw, muaj cov 2 koom haum pab:

• Pyrrhic - yog 2 lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug kab nrog ib tug unaccented cim.
• Sponda - yog 2 lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug kab nrog lub nyuab siab cim.

Lawv siv nyob rau hauv verses muab tshwj xeeb cov khoom kab ntawm lub zoo suab.

trochee

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hom disyllabic meters. Nws ko taw xwb 2 lub suab - tus thawj nqi feem, lub thib ob - unstressed. Ferrets yog feem ntau siv rau song lyrics.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug 5-dhia chorea yog Pasternak lub paj huam hu ua "Hamlet": "Kuv twb qhia tsaus ntuj zuag hmo ntuj / txhiab ntawm binoculars rau lub axis ...". 3 dhia - ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm M. Yu. Lermontova "Los ntawm Goethe lub '' nyob ntsiag to Valley / tag nrho ntawm tshiab pos huab ... '.

iambus

Accentual-syllabic nqe yog ua rau Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thiab tau ib tug nyiam pentameter loj AS Pushkin.

Yog li ntawd iambus - dissyllabic 'meter', muaj raws ntawm 2 lub suab - thawj thiab thib ob rauj unstressed. Twg nres kev nyuaj siab puv rau hauv pyrrhic, thiab nrog rau cov tsos ntawm ntxiv - nyob rau hauv spondee.

4-hstopny pentameter yog tus nrov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua rau qhov no 'meter', yog li ntawd, peb hu "high" lwm yam, ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov odic khoom thiab "lub teeb paj huam", uas yog sau ntawv hu nkauj ua ke. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 pentameter loses nws thematic kev twb kev txuas nrog cov paj huam thiab ua ib tug universal 'meter'.

Lub clearest piv txwv - yog Pushkin lub "Eugene Onegin": "Latin yog tam sim no tawm ntawm fashion: / Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj qhia qhov tseeb ...".

trisyllabic

Peb tam sim no xav txog lub ternary meters Lavxias teb sab syllabic-tonic versification.

Dactyl - Meter nyob rau hauv peb lub suab, cov thawj ntawm cov uas yog ib lub poob siab. Ib qho piv txwv yog tus "kev txiav txim ntawm Vajtswv thaum cov npis sov yog" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl yog feem ntau siv los simulate hexameter.

Amphibrach - kuj Meter nyob rau hauv peb lub suab, tab sis lub sij hawm no yog tus thib ob poob siab. Lavxias teb sab versification, nws yog feem ntau yog siv rau kev sau ntawv epics. Ib qho piv txwv yog tus "airship" - ib tug txhiab Lermontov: "Los ntawm lub qhov ntxa thaum huab tais / Waking yog mam li nco dheev ...".

Anapaest - thib peb trisyllabic 'meter', nyob rau hauv uas lub luag Iwm haiv neeg ntog rau hauv kawg suab. Piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug kev tsim kho ntawm cov nqe lus yuav ua tau ib lub paj huam: "Reflections ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej khav" (Nekrasov) thiab "Thaum pib Tsis txhob tsa nws" (FET).