"Zenit" foob pob ua ntxaij. Koob 11K77 ( "Zenith")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - Intermediate chav kawm ntawv, tsim kev muab mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb orbit nyob rau hauv lub automatic hom ntawm pej xeem thiab cov tub rog satellites thiab manned spacecraft. Muaj ob thiab peb-theem kev hloov kho. Lub kerosene siv raws li roj qib WG-1 thiab kua oxygen.

QAUV daws koom tes

Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm lub missile "Zenit" Lavxias teb sab los yog Ukrainian, tsis yooj yim teb. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntsiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk CB "yav qab teb" dag zog ntawm Soviet engineers thiab kws tshawb fawb. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Secular Union tsim Bureau tuaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine, raws li nws profile ua si thiab txuas ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub "Zenit" series. Tsim kom muaj cuaj luaj tseem nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub Dnepropetrovsk lub tuam txhab "Yuzhmash".

Meanwhile, ib qho tseem ceeb tsim tsim thiab manufactured los ntawm Lavxias teb sab qhauj. Nyob rau hauv kev, boosters kos "DM" ua RKK "Zog", thiab kua foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw RD 171 thiab RD-171M - NPO "ENERGOMASH". Nyob rau hauv kev, Lavxias teb sab tuam txhab uas muag muab 70% ntawm lub Cheebtsam. Peb yuav hais tias lub "Zenith" - Ukrainian foob pob ua ntxaij, thiab nws cov txuj lom - Lavxias teb sab.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

CB "South" yog Ameslikas tsim ob-theem foob pob ua ntxaij "Zenith" nrog index 11K77 nyob rau hauv lub caij 1970s - thaum ntxov 1980s, raws li neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub USSR muaj lub community launch lub tsheb uas yuav tso cai rau koj kom sai thiab nraaj sau pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog satellites.

Raws li, thaum nws yog tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb xim tau them mus rau kev ntseeg tau, yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab ceev ntawm kev npaj rau lub lub community launch, uas twb tiav los ntawm nws kim heev kev siv ntawm standardization thiab automation. Boosters hnyav chav kawm ntawv los ntawm txhais, tsis tau mobile, li ntawd, lub designers tau teem rau tsim RN nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub tshuab tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, nyob rau hauv no tsim siv cov feem ntau advanced technology kev cob qhia thiab pib-up, tsim SRI SK, SE khub "CB" yav qab teb "nyob rau ntau tej yaam num.

Yuav ua raws li lub davhlau

Lub debut community launch txog cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1985, uas yog txoj kev yuav txo raws li repetitive. Successful start-up nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1985. Xub thawj, lub complex yog teem rau kev ua hauj lwm tawm ntawm cov tub rog satellites thiab dual-siv tshuab, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj ib tug ua haujlwm rau lub lub community launch ntawm coj mus muag satellites.

Ib tug thib ob cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov thawj version ntawm "Zenit-2» 11K77 yog los xyuas kom meej lub davhlau mus rau lub chaw nres tsheb "Mir" nrog cov neeg coob nyob rau ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Yuav kom ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau rau lub community launch tsheb manned spacecraft rau hauv "Zenit" siv loj nrog redundancy thiab coj ntau yam lwm yam kev ntsuas kev txhim kho cov kev ntseeg tso.

Lub ntsiab tsim tsis

"Zenith" - foob pob ua ntxaij, uas nws kev yam ntxwv thiab tsim tsis sib haum mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv. Tsim nyog tshwj xeeb cov xim lub fact tias ntau tshaj 90% ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm cov kauj ruam tsim nyog los roj sib qhia. Yog li, qhov kev siv ntawm ob qho tib si rau theem no yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv niaj hnub astronautics.

Nrog hais txog lub 1 theem nws yog kev lom zem ntau vim lub high kev kawm RD171M engine, raws li zoo raws li cov tsis muaj sab boosters. Qhaj ntawv ntawm sab accelerators ntxiv simplifies cov kev npaj rau lub lub community launch, raws li ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm "Zenit" nyob rau lwm lub community launch tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, theem tsim yog ntau npaum, txo tus naj npawb ntawm pyrotechnic pab kiag li lawm, thiab kuj yuav tsub zuag qhia tag nrho kev ntseeg los ntawm xa qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug sib cais mechanism lub sab accelerators. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug ntau ntawm cov uas tuav tag nrho cov theem ntawm lub davhlau tso cai rau lub launches ntawm "Zenith" nyob rau hauv txawv cua speeds thiab nyob rau hauv txawv huab cua tej yam kev mob, uas tseem muaj txhawb rau raws sij hawm thiab muaj tseeb tshem tawm ntawm lub payload.

yooj yim tshuab

Nyob rau RN muaj ib tug tag nrho teev ntawm on-board hluav taws xob khoom rau lub lag luam ntawm lub telemetry system. Onboard telemetry System "Sirius" TMI muab kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv ob cais xov tooj cua raws mus uas twb muaj lawm NPC, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Russia.

Sib cais cov kauj ruam - "sov": siv lub kauj engine pib theem 2, undermining mezhstupennyh txhua yam kev sib txuas thiab braking nrog plaub SRM separable ib feem ntawm cov thawj theem. Tom qab nws tshem tawm mus rau ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg deb sau boosters 2nd theem.

RN ntsia rau qhov nram qab no nruab rau kom nws lub lag luam thiab hauj lwm ntawm lub davhlau:

• tswj system;
• ntsuas system;
• hais tias cov kua roj mov system Cheebtsam;
• noj roj tswj system;
• refueling tswj system;
• sib ntaus kev ruaj ntseg;
• huab cua kub tswj system ntawm ib tug kub siab ;
• Kub tswj ntsiab;
• thermostating system ntsiab;
• ib tug hydraulic system;
• pozharopreduprezhdeniya system.

Modernization

"Zenit-2" tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR yog tsis sunk rau hauv oblivion. Ukrainian lub tuam txhab "Yuzhmash" txuas ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob "Zenith" peb tes num nyob rau hauv ze kev koom tes nrog Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws cov neeg koom tes. missile systems, uas nqa tawm launches los ntawm cov av ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") thiab los ntawm offshore platforms ( "Zenit-3SL") tau raug tsim. Yuav luag tag nrho cov pib cuaj luaj av-raws li nqa tawm ntawm Baikonur.

International project "Hiav txwv Launch" tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv 1995 los ntawm lub dag zog ntawm lub American lub tuam txhab Boeing coj mus muag qhov chaw (40% ntawm lub capital), lub Lavxias teb sab RKK "Zog" (25%), Ukrainian Software "Pivdenmash" thiab CB "South" (tag nrho cov kev qhia tawm ntawm 15%) thiab Norwegian shipbuilders Aker Solutions (20%). Tus aim ntawm qhov Consortium yog tam sim no yooj yim dua thiab tus nqi xa ntawm hiav txwv "Odyssey" platform nyob rau ntawm qhov ncaj. Demonstrative missile kev ntsuam xyuas dhau ntse. Txij li thaum 1999 nws tau raug nqa tawm 32 vam meej coj mus muag community launch nrog "Zenit-3SL», thiab 4 ua tsis tau tejyam. Thaum lub caij, vim tsis zoo uas nyob rau hauv Ukraine, lub Ukrainian sab nyob rau hauv peb tes num tshem tawm nws kev koom tes.

thawj theem

Cov kev siv ntawm tus thawj theem ntawm "Zenit" muaj xws li:

• mezhstupennuyu ncej;
• RD171 (RD171M) engine;
• tus Tsov tus tw seem;
• roj thiab oxidizer tso tsheb hlau luam.

Mezhstupennaya ncej nruab nrab yog ib txoj kev hloov compartment welded truss. Nws mounted sab board elektropnevmorazemov muab kev sib txuas lus tshuab, community launch tsheb thiab spacecraft uas tsim nyog hauv av raws li tshuab los pib ILV.

Cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam yog muab tso rau PGSP automation Cheebtsam, Sensors VHC, Surte, nyob rau hauv lub oxidizer tank, Ntxiv, lub pressurization system ntsia thooj voos kheej kheej. Tus Tsov tus tw seem yog muab tso rau RD171M plaub-chamber engine uas ntawm ncej ntas ntsia rau qhov qis kawg ncej.

engine RD171

Cov fais fab nroj tsuag yog tsim los traction thiab tswj cov kev siv zog thoob plaws tag nrho cov raws RCN stabilization. Qhov no cav twb ntsia tau rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov kho "Zenit". Foob pob ua ntxaij thiab yog tam sim no nruab nrog advanced RD171M kev hloov kho. Lub cav tsim kev hloov tau tswj kev txhim kho nws cov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua tau zoo.

Nyob rau hauv RD171 pom siv ntau tshaj raug technology ntawm cov kua foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm engine. Tam sim no RD171M kev hloov kho yog cov haib tshaj LRE nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nws thrust mus rau lub starting taw tes (nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb) yog 740.

Qhov thib ob theem

Cov kev siv ntawm lub thib ob theem ntawm "Zenit" muaj xws li:

• instrument module;
• boosters lawm-120;
• RD8 kauj engine.
• oxidizer thiab roj tso tsheb hlau luam;
• tus Tsov tus tw seem.

Lub ntsuas module ntsiab ib feem nyob onboard hluav taws xob apparatus tswj system thiab ntsuas system. Nyob rau hauv roj tso tsheb hlau luam, raws li nyob rau hauv thawj theem, lub sensors cov txheej txheem Surte, VHC, PGSP automation Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub oxidizer tank - thooj voos kheej kheej Supercharging system.

Tsov tus tw seem nrog lub cylindrical riveted ntxwv lub hnab ntawv accommodates lub cev muaj zog thaiv muaj ib tug ntxaib engine propulsion RD-120 thiab lub quad kauj RD8 engine.

"Zenith": tus foob pob ua ntxaij thiab nws specifications

Thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam ntawm lub community launch tsheb "Zenith" tag nrho cov hom ntawm 82 start-up tau nqa tawm, feem ntau ntawm cov xeem kiag vam meej (69 pib), 4 - cov hai, lub tshuav txo.

• Missile ntev: 57-59,6 m.
• Number theem 2 los yog 3.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3.9 m.
• Payload: 15 tons rau hauv lub hiav txwv Launch system, 13.7 m - rau terrestrial systems.
• Pib yuag: 445-462 tons.

Txawm tias cov piv txwv ntawm kev vam meej kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb kev pab cuam "Zenith", lub missile yog tam sim no tsis ua vim lub tsis ruaj tsis khov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Ukraine.