Zaporizhzhya Sich - ib tug Cossack koom pheej

Zaporizhzhya Sich - ib tug fortified cell nereestrovogo Zaporozhye rog (hauv qab) nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVI mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nws twb nyob qab lub rapids ntawm lub Dnieper rau cov kob ntawm Khortytsya. Nws creation yog tus impetus rau lub consolidation ntawm lub Ukrainian Cossacks. Zaporizhzhya Sich tau pab cov tsim ntawm tus neeg ntawm lub Cossacks thiab lub assertion ntawm lawv lub koom haum kev teeb tsa. Txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xya Sechah uas li qhia siv kuj alternated. Peb sim kom to taub li cas ntxiv cawv rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm muaj Zaporizhzhya Sich, nws yog dab tsi thiab rau dab tsi lub hom phiaj nws tsim.

ntaus ntawv

Zaporizhzhya Sich - qhov no kob fortress, uas twb ncig los ntawm ramparts nrog palisades. Raws puag ncig muaj phom. Nruab nrab ntawm lub shafts muaj ib tug thoob plaws cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv uas lub sawv ntug-haus luam yeeb barracks qhov twg Cossack Zaporozhtzi nyob. Thaum lub camp lawv hais dab ob peb txhiab. Tej zaum cov xov tooj mus txog kaum tawm txhiab. Cob phum neeg ua hauj lwm muaj npe Kosh. Nyob rau lub teb chaws nws kuj yog ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj, tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev ntawm senior ua hauj lwm, cov tub rog thiab outbuildings. Sich ib lub tuam tsev ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj nkauj xwb thiab cov txiv plig subordinate mus rau lub Kiev-Mezhyhirska Archimandrite. Ib tug qhib qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub chaw ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab nom tswv lub neej ntawm Zaporozhye Sech. Muaj ua pawg sab laj thiab cov rooj sib txoos.

Rau shafts yog ib tug bazaar, qhov twg tub txawj tub ntse tuaj nrog lawv cov khoom. Sich muag lawv cov khoom muaj. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog ib tug kev ua si, ntses. Zaporizhzhya Sich - ib thaj chaw uas yog Ameslikas tag dawb ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub tswv tsev. Lords thiab serfs twb tsis muaj. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm sechevikov ua tsis yog tus ib txwm compulsion, tab sis nyob rau ib lub contractual hauv paus. Txhua tus txiv neej yog free. Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub Zaporizhzhya Sich, ntawm chav kawm, muaj lub cib fim. Senior ua hauj lwm feem ntau los ua cov tswv ntawm loj wintering, dej mills, nyuj herds thiab thiaj li nyob. N.

qhov kev xaiv tsa cov tub ceev xwm

Zaporizhzhya Sich - ib tug paramilitary lub koom haum nrog ib tug meej hierarchy ntawm lub hwj chim. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias txhua leej txhua tus yog free Cossack, kev sib raug zoo sib txawv tseem muaj. Rich sergeant mloog loj ntawm cov neeg pluag sechevikov. Ntawm cov hoob kawm pab pawg yog ib tug txheej ntawm me me tswv - nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv. Los ntawm cov nplua nuj Cossacks raug xaiv los ntawm nrov pov npav rau lub ntsis, uas tsom administrative hwj chim nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Nws coj ib pab tub rog thiab tswj nyiaj txiag thiab sawv cev Sitch nyob rau hauv diplomatic kev sib raug zoo.

Txawm tias txoj cai mus xaiv tsa ntawm txhua Cossack foreman yuav luag ib txwm nrhiav paaj kev txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej. Zaporizhzhya Sich - yog kev kawm ntawv, uas yog hu ua tus Cossack koom pheej.

Sich haiv neeg twb muab faib ua haus luam yeeb. Lub zoo tshaj plaws txoj cai yog lub Cossack Council, uas nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau teeb meem tseem ceeb. Nws tag nrho cov coj ib feem Sich. Nws yog muaj hais tias raug xaiv ataman. Rada thiab cov tib yam yuav tshem tawm nws los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv sechevikov nws muaj nws lub tsev hais plaub. Muaj ib tug code of hais plaub ntug thiab Penal system. Rau tub sab tub nyiag los ntawm lug txhawb cov miv, insubordination thiab insolence ntawm lub siab hais kom ua, rau qhov rape ntawm cov poj niam thaum lub sij hawm lub phiaj los nqis tes (nyob rau hauv camp muaj tsis muaj cov poj niam), sodomy thiab lwm yam kev ua txhaum cai yuav tsum muaj ib tug lub tsev hais plaub kev txiav txim siab mus poob lawv taub hau.

tsim

Zaporizhzhya Sich - ib qho chaw qhov twg ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim them rau kev kawm ntawv. Rau cov me nyuam Cossack cov tsev kawm ntawv uas ua los ntawm lub koom txoos. Muaj lawv tau raug qhia kom nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv music, hu nkauj, thiab lwm tus neeg. Lwm taw qhia ntawm cov kev cai kev loj hlob ntawm lub Sich yog ib tug respectful yam ntxwv rau cov phau ntawv, uas raug xam tias yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tus nqi. Them taus los yuav tau lawv yuav tsuas muaj myiaj Cossacks. Cov phau ntawv yog pom tias yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws khoom plig. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "nplawm" - Slavic. Nws yog ib tug derivative ntawm "slashing" - ib tug sib ntaus sib tua, ib tug sib ntaus sib tua nrog swords. Lo lus "nplawm" rau lub Ukrainian Cossacks twb inextricably txuas mus rau lawv fortress rau cov kob ntawm Khortytsya thiab lwm qhov. Nws tau ua synonymous nrog tsev.

Tsos Cossacks

Zaporozhtsy ua hiav txwv thiab av hiking tug, Turks, Tatar Muscovite. Rau Russia thiab Poland Sich yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yooj yim counterweight barrier tiv thaiv Crimean Tatars thiab Turks. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub Cossacks twb feem ntau ntawm tsov rog nrog lawv. Rau lub Ukrainian peasantry, uas raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub yoke ntawm Tug, lub Sich los ua lub cim ntawm lub sim tawm tsam cov neeg uas tsim txom.

Zaporozhtsy coj tag nrho cov neeg pluag uprisings tiv thaiv lub Polish gentry. Lawv yog cov tub rog thiab cov tsav tsheb quab yuam. Cov tub rog marches Cossacks yeej los ntawm cavalry. Thaum hiav txwv, lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv me me tej nkoj nquam - qhov thiaj li hu ua tshuaj yej. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tsis muaj tsev nyob 50-70 tub rog. Ua ntej ntawm lub nkoj mus ataman nrog ib tug chij. Txhua Cossack twb armed nrog ib tug rab ntaj, nws muaj ob tug phom, nqa rau phaus ntawm gunpowder, lub nucleus rau liaj, nqa ib lub Nuremberg Quadrant rau orientation.

Lub liquidation ntawm lub Sich

Tom qab lub Lavxias teb sab-Turkish kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, nyob rau hauv uas lub Cossacks kuj coj ib feem nyob rau sab ntawm Russia, twb annexed lub Crimea thiab Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv tau yeej. Qhov tam sim ntawd kev hem thawj los ntawm lub Turks thiab Tatars mus rau lub faj tim teb chaws zoo. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm muaj ib tug ntsoog loj heev revolt ntawm Pugachev, uas zoo heev ntshai Catherine II. Poob lawm nws geopolitical tseem ceeb Zaporizhzhya Sich nrog nws freemen yog rau cov kav ntawm ib tug tej zaum qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Cov yog vim li cas coj mus rau nws cov liquidation. Tom qab lub capture ntawm lub fortress nyob Khortitsa feem ntau ntawm cov Cossacks tau tuaj mus rau lub Kuban thiab Don.