Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hydrophobic tshuaj?

Ib txhia neeg muaj hmoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Science News for KIDS tshooj tsis tau tsuas yog tho txawv sau tswj thiab xam cov hniav puas loj los yog qhia valence, tab sis kuj mus saib yuav ua li cas cov xib fwb kuas ua txhua thwmsim. Yuav tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej yam li hais tias los ntawm cov khawv koob ua kua rau hauv cov hlab yog unpredictable hloov xim, los yog lwm yam yuav tawg los yog kub hnyiab nicely. Tej zaum tsis yog raws li spectacular, tab sis tseem yog ib tug nthuav kev, uas siv hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic tshuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi lawv yog mas?

lub zog

Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS chav kawm ntawv, dua tom ntej no lub caij ntawm lub periodic rooj, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov yooj yim tshuaj, Kuv paub hais tias muaj yog ib tug hais lus txog lawv cov kev sib txawv yam ntxwv. Nrog rau lawv lub zog: ceev, sau ua ib pawg xeev nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, lub melting thiab kub point, hardness, xim, hluav taws xob conductivity, thermal conductivity, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tej zaum kuv hais txog nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li hydrophobicity los yog hydrophilicity, tab sis nyias, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws tsis hais. Meanwhile, nws yog heev ib qho kev nthuav pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau yooj yim yuav ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Yog li ntawd nws yog pab kom paub ntau ntxiv txog lawv.

hydrophobe

Piv txwv tau yooj yim yuav coj los ntawm lub neej. Yog li ntawd, koj muaj peev xwm tsis sib tov dej nrog roj - nws yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho. Nws tsuas tsis yaj, tab sis tseem floating npuas los yog zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw, vim hais tias nws ceev yog tsawg dua. Tab sis yog vim li cas thiab dab tsi yog qhov ntau hydrophobic tshuaj?

Feem ntau pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov rog, ib txhia cov nqaijrog thiab nucleic acids, raws li zoo li silicones. Substance npe los ntawm cov Greek lus hydor - dej thiab phobos - ntshai, tab sis nws tsis txhais hais tias tus molecules yog ntshai. Tsuas, lawv yog ob peb tug los insoluble, lawv yog hu ua tsis yog-polar. Tsis hydrophobicity tsis tshwm sim, txawm tias cov neeg tshuaj uas seemingly tsis hnov mob nrog dej, tseem nqus nws, tab sis yog nyob rau hauv txoj lw nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov kev sib cuag xws li cov ntaub ntawv uas nrog ib tug H ₂ O tshwm raws li ib tug zaj duab xis los yog mob, los yog kua yuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub pob, vim nws muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws deg hauv cheeb tsam thiab muab tsawg heev hu.

Hydrophobic khoom no piav los ntawm cov tshuaj qauv ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Qhov no yog txuam nrog cov uas tsis muaj attraction rau dej lwg me me, raws li nws tshwm sim, piv txwv li, hydrocarbons.

hydrophilic tshuaj

Lub npe ntawm no pab pawg neeg, raws li peb tau yooj yim twv, dhau lawm, los ntawm cov Greek lo lus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm philia - kev hlub, thiab nws yog ib txig characterizes lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau cov dej - kom tiav "to taub" thiab ib tug zoo solubility. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no, tej zaum hu ua ib tug "ncov qaumteb qabteb" muaj xws li tej yam yooj yim alcohols, suab thaj, amino acids thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Raws li, lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv vim hais tias lawv muaj siab lub zog attraction rau cov dej lwg me me. Nruj me ntsis hais lus, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov tshuaj yog hydrophilic mus rau ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg raws li.

amphiphilic

Thiab yog nws tau hais tias lub hydrophobic tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj tag nrho ob qho hydrophilic thiab cov khoom? Nws hloov tawm, yog! Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj hu ua diphilic los yog amphiphilic. Nws hloov tawm hais tias ib tug thiab tib molecule yuav muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv li soluble - ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab dej-repellent - nonpolar ntsiab. Tej zog yog, piv txwv li, muaj tej yam cov nqaijrog, lipids, surfactants, polymers, thiab peptides. Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej uas lawv tsim txawv supramolecular lug: monolayers, liposomes, micelles, bilayer week, hlwv, etc. Lub ncov qaumteb qabteb pawg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog taw qhia kom paub mus rau lub kua ...

Lub ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub neej

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov dej thiab roj, yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov pov thawj uas lub hydrophobic tshuaj muaj nyob txhua txhia qhov chaw. Yog li, huv si nto ntawm hlau, semiconductors, thiab tsiaj daim tawv nqaij, nplooj nroj tsuag, chitin cover ntawm cov kab muaj zoo xws li cov zog.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, ob hom tebchaw yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li, hydrophiles siv los thauj cov as-ham rau tej tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag, qhov kawg khoom ntawm metabolism kuj tso tawm nrog ib tug daws ntawm lom kua. Tsis-polar tshuaj tsis muaj loj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cell week nrog xim permeability. Uas yog vim li cas cov zog ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lom dab.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, zaum no tsim tshiab hydrophobic ntaub ntawv uas koj yuav tiv thaiv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntxoov thiab kab mob sib kis, yog li tsim tau txawm nws tus kheej-tu chaw. Khaub ncaws, hlau cov khoom, siv cov ntaub ntawv, lub tsheb iav - ntau daim ntaub ntawv. Kawm ntxiv txog qhov no yuav ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm multifobnyh tshuaj, uas yuav muab lub hauv paus rau cov av-repellent chaw. Tsim xws ntaub ntawv, cov neeg muaj peev xwm txuag lub sij hawm, nyiaj thiab cov kev pab, thiab yuav tau txo tus tej kuab paug tshuaj. Yog li ntawd hais tias kev loj hlob ntxiv yuav tau txais txiaj ntsim tag nrho.