Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs: yam ntxwv, zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv

Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, lub tsev mus rau ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm nyob creatures. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv txoj kev tshawb no, soj ntsuam ntawm cais tag nrho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv ntau yam thaj av. Raws li lub hom zaub mov tag nrho lub neej yog muab faib ua ob pawg loj - autotrophs thiab heterotrophs. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug pab pawg neeg mixotrophy - yog tus kab mob no nruj heev heev rau ob hom khoom noj khoom haus. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav kawm txog ob yam ntxwv ntawm tseem ceeb heev kev ua si ntawm cov loj pab pawg thiab paub dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm autotrophs heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - kab mob ntawm nws tus kheej synthesizing organic teeb meem los ntawm inorganic. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog ib co hom ntawm cov kab mob thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob teej tug mus rau lub cog lub nceeg vaj. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej kev ua autotrophs siv ntau yam inorganic tshuaj nkag mus rau los ntawm sab nraum (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, hlau, lwm yam), lawv cycling tshua nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm complex organic tebchaw (feem ntau carbohydrates thiab proteins).

Heterotrophic kab mob pub rau organic teeb meem npaj txhij, lawv tsis muaj peev xwm los ua ke lawv tus kheej. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li nceb, tsiaj txhu (xws li tus txiv neej), ib txhia kab mob thiab txawm ib co nroj tsuag (ib co cab hom).

Raws li peb tau pom, lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm lub autotrophs heterotrophs lus dag nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj xwm ntawm lub kev noj haus lawv xav tau. Txawv dab thiab qhov xwm ntawm lawv lub hwj chim. Autotrophic kab mob expend zog thaum lub sij hawm transformation ntawm inorganic tshuaj mus rau hauv cov organic heterotrophs zog thaum tsis expend lub hwj chim. Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs raug muab faib ua ob pawg nyob rau hauv lub zog qhov chaw (nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv) thiab los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus substrate siv los ntawm ob hom ntawm microorganisms.

Cov autotrophs tso photoautotrophic kab mob thiab chemoautotrophic. Photoautotrophs rau transformations siv lub zog ntawm tshav ntuj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no ntawm cov kab mob no tshwm sim ib qho txheej txheem - photosynthesis (los yog ib tug txheej txheem zoo ib yam li ntaus nws). Carbon dioxide prevraschetsya nyob rau hauv ntau yam organic tebchaw. Chemoautotrophs siv zog tau los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj tshua. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob.

Heterotrophic kab mob raug muab faib ua metatrofy thiab paratrofy. Metatrofy raws li ib tug substrate ntawm organic tebchaw siv tuag kab mob paratrofy - ciaj sia.

Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs nyob tej haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov saw. Autotrophs yeej ib txwm producers - lawv tsim organic tshuaj uas yog tom qab txoj kev los ntawm tag nrho cov saw. Heterotrophs yog txawv kev txiav txim los ntawm cov kev pab (raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv pawg no yog cov tsiaj) thiab decomposers (fungi, cov kab mob). Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, autotrophs thiab heterotrophs tsim nruab nrab ntawm lawv trophic kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub ecological teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, vim hais tias nws yog vim trophic kev sib raug zoo nqa tawm lub voj voog ntawm tshuaj tsuag.