Allegory (ἀλληγορία) - yog ib tug artistic cov txheej txheem, uas tso cai rau ua ib tug paub daws teeb lub tswv yim los ntawm cov duab. Allegory nyob rau hauv narrative kos duab nyob ntev ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nws niaj hnub txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg nws tau ua rau personify cov rog ntawm xwm. Txhua lub caij tau nws cov embodiment - lub deity. Los ntawm allegorical Iliad, lub Odyssey, lub epic ntawm Keret, Gilgamesh, thiab lwm tus neeg. Allegories muab narrative expressiveness thiab clarity.
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug allegory nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov rau theem, yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub Moo Zoo. Thwjtim ntawm Tswv Yexus - ruam fishermen thiab craftsmen uas nyob deb ntawm paub daws teeb tswv yim. Yuav kom qhia rau lawv cov essence ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia, Yexus siv ib zaj lus piv txwv daim ntawv no, muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug to taub txoj kev: tus tswv yug yaj, yaj, tseb nplej.
Nyob rau hauv ancient Greek kos duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv flourished npaum li cas lawm thiab yog feem ntau lub prerogative ntawm kev kawm neeg. Ntawm no allegorical kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav siv sij hawm artistry. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug allegory nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub ancient lub sij hawm yuav pom nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm Aesop lub fables. Siv cov kev sib piv ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov tsiaj, dab neeg txawj sau ntawv tshab xyuas ib tug cim khuam rau ib tug tag nrho pawg ntawm lub qhov zoo li thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua kev lom zem ntawm lub chiv keeb, nws degrades rau tus tsiaj theem. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm me ntsis qhov ncauj qhov ntswg rau koj tus kheej nres, li no tsis txhob qhib teeb meem.
Nrab Hnub nyoog. Teb chaws Europe nyob nyob rau hauv unbearable oppression ntawm lub Inquisition, mus tab qhia tswv yim txaus ntshai. Ntawm no yog lub hauj lwm yog los qhia lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tug yeeb yam daim ntawv no, on qhov tsis tooj - mus ua zam, kom siv tau xwb los initiates. Aesop lus rau sau ntawv yuav tsuas tau daim ntawv uas qhia cov tswv yim. Allegory ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog tu siab heev, uas muaj kev ntshai, ib tug siab ntawm tag kev cia siab thiab hopelessness ntawm cov hav zoov. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug allegory nyob rau hauv medieval ntaub ntawv yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Dante lub "Divine Comedy."
Thaw pib nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, nyob ze rau qhov tshiab lub sij hawm. Nws echoes yog kom meej meej pom nyob rau cov piv txwv ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai allegorical paj huam - Goethe lub "Faust." Tawm ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm scholasticism, los ntuav hobbled ntsuj plig, cov kev xav ntawm nws tus kheej helplessness hero los kom paub qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm lub teeb, txoj kev ywj pheej thiab kev zoo siab rau tag nrho cov. Qhov tseem revealing "Classical Walpurgis Hmo ntuj": Nyob rau hauv tshooj no, nyeem cov longing rau ib tug dawb thiab tej yam ntuj tso hav zoov nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub cim qhia incarnation - antique classicism.
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug allegory nyob rau hauv lub Eastern ntaub ntawv, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pom nyob rau Suav thiab Japanese qauv: yog hais tias tus ancient Indian ntawv nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm ze zog mus rau Asia muaj hnub nyoog thiab lub ancient (imagery thiab visualization), lub nyob sib ze haiv neeg nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw poetic allegory. Nws yog assumed no poeticize tag nrho: lub neej, mediocrity - vim hais tias ntawm lub condensed dluab.
Lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws yeej los ntawm ib tug nruj heev nomenclature siab, qhib xwb los muab yeeb koob rau lub cev thiab muab pov av nkos ideological cov yeeb ncuab. Sau ntawv uas tsis poob mus rau hauv ib tug ideological sib, hloov mus rau qhov lus ntawm Aesop. Hais tias yog, dua, ib tug allegory. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - "Master thiab Margarita" prose Pasternak thiab Platonov. Muaj zog allegorical kev txiav txim siab - zaum kawg zaj paj huam "Moscow-Petushki" V.Erofeeva plaub infernal regime embodied cim ntxeev siab rau tus hero Awl "nyob rau hauv lub caj pas."
Lub era ntawm postmodernism. Ib zaug ntxiv, nyob rau hauv Honor allegory. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - cov khoom Pelevine thiab Sorokin. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm lub pendulum otkachnulsya: ib qho tseem ceeb tsis ua zam tswv yim thiab kev paub qhia lo me nyuam.
Soviet choj ntawm qhov tam sim no ntu thiab steel tej hauj lwm thiab B. Strugackih. Science tseeb yuav xav tias yuav lub neej yav tom ntej. Sau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm dhau los, "Hard Ua Vajtswv" thiab "Inhabited kob" - lub clearest allegory ntawm niaj hnub no Russia.