Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Yuav ua li cas yog cov qauv ntawm cov nyuaj cell? paub piav qhia txog
Koj puas paub tias dab tsi hauv tus qauv ntawm ib tug ntawm tes yog qhov nyuaj? Yog hais tias tsis yog, ces qhov no tsab xov xwm no yog rau koj.
Uas science kawm rau hauv lub tawb?
Qhov no science yog hu ua cytology. Nws yog ib ceg ntawm biology. Nws yuav teb tau cov nqe lus nug, yog dab tsi cov qauv ntawm cov cell protozoa. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no tshuaj xyuas tsis tau tsuas yog cov qauv, tab sis kuj cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cell. Qhov no cellular ua pa, cov metabolism hauv, tu tub tu kiv thiab photosynthesis. nyuaj npaug txoj kev - ib tug yooj yim cell division. Ib txhia elementary hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis - zus tau tej cov organic teeb meem los ntawm inorganic. Cellular ua pa tshwm sim los ntawm cleavage ntawm qabzib. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm tej yam yooj yim carbohydrates nyob rau hauv lub cell. Thaum cov oxidation uas lawv cell tau txais lub zog.
Leej twg yog cov nyuaj?
Ua ntej xav tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas cov qauv ntawm cov cell yog yooj yim, cia saib dab tsi yog cov "creatures".
Yog muaj tus kab mob uas muaj xws li ib tug tib cell. Lawv kuj hu ua eukaryotes, txij li thaum muaj yog ib tug ntxhais nyob rau hauv lawv lub hlwb. Nyuaj cell yog heev uas zoo sib xws mus rau ib tug cell nyob rau hauv ib tug multicellular kab mob.
kev faib
Muaj rau tej yam yooj yim hom:
- ciliates;
- Radiolaria;
- Dory;
- sporozoans;
- sarkozhgutikonostsy;
- flagellates.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov thawj hom nyob hauv lub ntsev dej. Ib txhia tsiaj yuav kuj nyob rau hauv cov av.
Spore mas sawv cev los ntawm cab ntawm vertebrates.
Radiolarians li ciliates, nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Lawv muaj ib tug tau plhaub ua los ntawm silicon dioxide, ib co kev uas pob zeb raug tsim.
Sunfish feature yog tias lawv tsiv mus nyob nrog cov kev pab los ntawm pseudopodia.
Sarkozhgutikonostsy kuj siv xws li ib tug qauv ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los. Yuav kom qhov no hom yuav muaj ntau yam amoeba thiab lwm yam protozoa.
Flagellates sawv cev ib tug ntau haiv neeg array ntawm tus kab mob no, uas yog siv rau lub zog ntawm flagella. Ib txhia hom protozoa yuav nyob rau hauv pas dej, thiab ib co yog cab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm no hom yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub chloroplasts. Cov protozoa lawv tus kheej tsim yuav tsum tau rau lub neej as-ham los photosynthesis.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov qauv ntawm cov nyuaj cell?
lub cell qauv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw: cov ntshav membrane, cytoplasm thiab nucleus. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov nuclei nyob rau hauv lub elementary hlwb yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug. Qhov no yog txawv los ntawm cov kab mob hlwb, uas tsis muaj nuclei. Yog li ntawd, cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej txhua tus ntawm peb lub Cheebtsam ntawm lub cell.
Cov ntshav membrane
Lub cell qauv ntawm qhov nyuaj tas hais lub xub ntiag ntawm no tivthaiv. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj cov homeostasis ntawm lub cell, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ib puag ncig influences. Cov ntshav membrane muaj peb cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids thiab roj uas txhaws taus. Predominate nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov daim nyias nyias phospholipids.
Lub cytoplasm yog: yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm?
Qhov no yog tag nrho cov uas yog ib feem ntawm lub cell, tsuas yog lub keeb, uas yog sab hauv cov ntshav membrane. Nws muaj hyaloplasm thiab organelles, thiab inclusions. Hyaloplasm - yog lub hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub cell. Organelles yog tas mus li lug uas ua tej kev khiav dej num, raws li yog lub xam uas tsis yog-ruaj khov lug uas ua mas Tshuag kev xaiv.
Tus qauv ntawm lub elementary hlwb: organelles
Nyob rau hauv lub cell, lub mere xub ntiag ntawm ntau organelles, uas yog peculiar rau tsiaj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub hlwb ntawm multicellular kab mob, feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb muaj organelles yooj yim taw - tag nrho cov hom ntawm flagella, cilia thiab lwm yam. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws formations yuav khav heev ob peb hlwb ntawm multicellular tsiaj - tsuas yog cov phev.
Los ntawm organelles uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm qhov nyuaj yog cov mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex. Lub hlwb yog ib co elementary chloroplasts, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cog hlwb. Tus qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub rooj.
| organelle | qauv | zog |
| mitochondria | Muaj ob week: cov sab nraud thiab sab hauv, nruab nrab ntawm uas muaj tus intermembrane qhov chaw. Lub puab membrane muaj protuberances - cristae los yog ridges. Lawv tuaj thiab tag nrho cov yooj yim tshuaj tshua. Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv lub ob week, hu ua lub matrix. Nws cov organelles nthuav lawv ribosomes, xam nrog, mitochondrial RNA thiab mitochondrial DNA. | Fais fab tiam. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov organelles ntawm cellular respiration. |
| ribosomes | Tsim ntawm ob subunits. Lawv muaj week. Ib tug ntawm cov subunits muaj ib tug loj loj tshaj lub thib ob. Ribosomes koom xwb nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Thaum organoid tsis tau hauj lwm, ob subunits yog sib cais. | Protein synthesis (translation txheej txheem). |
| lysosomes | Muaj ib tug sib npaug lawm. Lawv muaj ib tug nyias nyias. Hauv daim nyias nyias muaj enzymes uas yuav tsum tau rau lub cleavage ntawm complex organic tshuaj. | Cellular digestion. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Tubular zoo. | Yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv metabolism, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lipid synthesis. |
| Golgi complex | Tshooj ntawm disc-zoo li tus tso tsheb hlau luam. | Siv rau lub synthesis ntawm glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids. Modifies thiab dlhos proteins. |
| chloroplasts | Muaj ob week nrog lub intermembrane qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Lub matrix thylakoids ua ke rau hauv sib tsub sib nias (grana lamellae. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub matrix yog ribosomes incorporating RNA thiab DNA. | Photosynthesis (tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thylakoids). |
| vacuoles | Muaj ntau protozoa inhabiting tshiab dej muaj contractile vacuoles (organelles nrog ib tug kheej kheej membrane) | Txhuav tshaj kua los ntawm lub cev. |
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub hlwb raug muab yooj yim taw organelles. Qhov no tej zaum yuav flagella thiab cilia. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom, lub cev yuav muaj ob qho tag nrho ib thiab ntau flagella.
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