Waldorf School - yog dab tsi? Waldorf kindergarten. Waldorf kev kawm ntawv: pros thiab cons

Tus me nyuam - yog ib tug neeg uas muaj ib tug tej yam cim thiab kev loj hlob xav tau kev pab. Ntau cov niam txiv paub tias cov me nyuam yuav tsum qhia thiab coj, tab sis yog tias copes nrog tej kev cov nyom pa pej xeem lub tsev kawm ntawv? Tsis yeej ib txwm. Ib lwm txoj kev ntawm tej kev qhia yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug system, raws li cov Waldorf School. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas nws muaj feem xyuam rau tus me nyuam muaj tus cwj pwm? Peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug no nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

thaum tej txuj ci

Yuav kom ib co raws li, txhua tus me nyuam yog zoo li ib daim ntawm cov av nplaum, los ntawm nws peb yuav sculpt dab tsi, thov mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws dag zog. Yog yuav sculpt av nplaum figurine los ntawm nws tus kheej? Ntawm cov hoob kawm tsis - cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no txawm tias ib tug me nyuam paub. Muaj me nyuam muaj tib qhov teeb meem no. Lawv tej txuj ci thiab muaj peev xwm xwb los ib co raws li nyob rau hauv lawv noob caj noob ces, lub ntau dua ib feem ntawm nws yog nyob ntawm seb peb muab tso rau hauv lawv. Tej zaum nrog cov lus no ua tsis tau tag nrho cov pom zoo, tab sis nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv etoyrazvivayutsya cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li lub Waldorf School. Yuav ua li cas yog nws rau lub zoo kawg nkaus kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas tsis nco lub npaug rooj, cov me nyuam kos thiab luag? Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so thiab nyiam phooj ywg cua, tus me nyuam nws tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws.

Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj sim ntau yam kev ua, nws yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim los paub dab tsi tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyiam cov feem coob thiab li cas nws tsis muaj txuj ci. Cov no yog cov chav kawm yog qhia los ntawm Waldorf School. Moscow - qhov no yog hauv lub nroog uas ib co ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Steiner tsev kawm ntawv yuav feeb meej.

Tus thawj Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv

Xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus txoj kev kawm system tsim thiab siv ib tug Austrian paub txog thiab philosopher Rudolf Steiner. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tsim ib tug lus qhuab qhia ntawm sab ntsuj plig paub li anthroposophy. Hais txog qhov no science, peb tham ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, thiab tam sim no tseem mus rov qab mus rau lub creation ntawm cov thawj Waldorf School. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1919 Steiner muaj ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug luam yeeb Hoobkas "Waldorf-Astoria" nyob qhov twg cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab upbringing ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv mainstream tsev kawm ntawv tau raug ceeb. Tus kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv, nws xav siv, thiab tseem tham txog antroposofiyskom qhia thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. Ntau cov niam txiv yuav xav nyob rau hauv nws saib xyuas thiab lub zeem muag rau cov lus qhib ntawm ib tug tshiab, lwm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lawv pom zoo rau xa lawv cov me nyuam mus xws li ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tam sim ntawd Emil molto (lub taub hau luam yeeb Hoobkas) yuav lub chav tsev thiab pib equipping tsev kawm ntawv tshiab. Raws li qhov tus tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab pedagogy yog Rudolf Steiner, qhov chaw no yog tej zaum hu ua "Steiner Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv."

Cov kev kawm ntawm tus ntsuj plig

Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam kev cov nuj nqis tuab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm anthroposophy. Txhais los ntawm cov Greek "Sophia" - nws yog ib txoj kev txawj ntse, thiab "Anthropos" - cov neeg, feem science kawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub sab ntsuj plig realm. Qhov no lus qhuab qhia tau faib los ntawm Theosophy, thiab kuj raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev paub ntawm Vajtswv thiab contemplation ntawm Vajtswv. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias anthroposophy yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub classical German philosophy thiab tej lus qhia ntawm Goethe, Schiller.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no mystic science uas yuav pab tau tsim tib neeg tej yam yees siv peev xwm. Steiner hu ua lub cheeb tsam "goteanstvom xyoo pua 20th" kev txawj ntse, thiab raws li Goethe rau tej lub sij hawm yog ib tug Mason, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias anthroposophy yog sov ua licas kev cob cog rua nrog cov khawv koob thiab mysticism. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov submissions thiab Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv twb nrhiav tau. Yuav ua li cas yog nws rau ib txoj kev rau nws tus kheej-kev loj hlob thiab yog vim li cas Steiner muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov thwjtim?

Txoj kev sib sau ntawm peb cov neeg

Nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm anthroposophy, tus txiv neej no txawm tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug tag nrho, tab sis kuj nrog tej cheebtsam li: tus ntsuj plig, lub cev, thiab dab. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj lawv tus kheej lub cev thiab lub hlwb yam ntxwv: lub pa system, lub plawv thiab ntsuj plig yuav mus rau lub neej tus cwj pwm txawv, lub paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb - kev txawj ntse (hlwb), metabolic thiab licas - lub cev. anthroposophy science kawm yuav ua li cas harmonize no peb spheres ntawm lawv tus kheej: tus neeg yuav tsum muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab ntsuj plig, raws li zoo raws li muaj ib tug noble ntsuj plig. Nws yog kev txawj ntse txog yuav ua li cas ua tau qhov no thiab muab Waldorf School. Yuav ua li cas nws yog rau mystic science thiab seb nws muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam? Nyob rau lo lus nug no cov lus teb yuav muaj nyob los ntawm tshuaj ntsuam lub ntsiab cai ntawm anthroposophy nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Principles ntawm sab ntsuj plig Science

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov rau tej tus me nyuam tsim, xav tias nyiam thiab muaj peev xwm ncav kom cuag lawv lub peev xwm, nws yog tsim nyog los saib. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias tsam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog deprived ntawm cov xim. Anthroposophy yog kawm txoj kev ntawm yus tus kheej-kev loj hlob los ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim thiab meditation. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qhia txoj kev tej zaum yuav ib nyuag txawv, thiab kev lom zem ntau nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm cov xib fwb. Piv txwv li, ib tug Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yuav ua li cas kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm (yog nqus, hu nkauj, seev cev, ua si seev suab paj nruas), thaum lub lwm yam - nyob rau psycho-sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob. Xijpeem, nyob rau hauv tej lub tsev kawm ntawv Steiner cov me nyuam thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub thiab xav txog tswv yim, thiab ua hauj lwm, thiab psycho-sab ntsuj plig unit.

Kev mloog yog them mus rau lub Waldorf School pedagogy txoj kev tshawb no ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev cai. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim hais tias tus me nyuam tsis xav nyob ib leeg, nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug heev interesting thiab ntau yam. Ntau yam ua yeeb yam thiab productions, ua los ntawm cov tib cov me nyuam, thiab pab kom lawv xav tias ib yam dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug high school cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tej yam Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yuav ua tau rau ib tug me nyuam yog tsis yog ib tug kawm ntawv, raws li ib tug thib ob tsev neeg, qhov uas nws yuav tsum txaus siab thiab cozy. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov zoo li lub tsev kawm ntawv cov me nyuam, uas tsis muaj cov kwv tij thiab cov muam. Tus phooj ywg cua nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv lawv nyiam kom lawv npaj txhij mus yuav nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau ntawm cov hnub. Nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so thiab nyiam phooj ywg cua kiddies txaus siab, lawv nrhiav tau phooj ywg tshiab thiab zoo li-minded neeg.

Xwm, raws li ib feem ntawm tib neeg

Steiner pedagogy tsom rau cov ib puag ncig. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam tsis kawm xav tias nyob rau ib nrog cov xwm, ib zaug nws yuav tsis tau mus qhib rau nws cov tag nrho tej zaum. Feem ntau, lub tsev kawm ntawv los ze zog mus rau qhov: mus rau lub tshiab tom hav zoov huab cua, nyob ze tus dej, nyob ze rau lub roob. Tus heev tib lub tsev kawm ntawv yog xav reminiscent ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv, nws yog es cozy tsev, qhov chaw uas koj yuav ntsib tshiab tsev neeg (class), ib ce muaj zog creativity thiab sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob. Txawm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rooj tog Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis muaj yas thiab tej yam tshuaj lom - tag nrho cia li natural.

ntsuam xyuas system

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv yog heev txawv los ntawm ib tug kawm ntawv cov tshooj lus. Ib tug txawv kiag li qhov kev pab cuam muaj cov me nyuam txaus siab rau kev kawm, uncorroborated rivalry. Tsis yog phem tshaj thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txhua tus me nyuam yog cim thiab feemxyuam. Nws tsis tau muab tso rau kwv yees thiab yog tsis lav ris rau tsis paub dab tsi. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov txawv lwm feature ntawm no tsev kawm ntawv yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov xib fwb mus rau lub tswv yim. Yog hais tias cov huab hwm coj lub tsev kawm ntawv rau peb thiab tsim txom coj tsis ncaj, ces nws yog hu ua cov kev pab thiab heev txais tos. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsis ua hauj lwm tus me nyuam yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias nyob ib leeg. On qhov tsis tooj, nyob rau hauv xws moments, tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb thiab muab kev pab txhawb nqa, pab, piav qhia txog dab tsi rau tus me nyuam tsis to taub. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsim pheej ntseeg tias lawv yuav tsis nyob ib leeg nyob rau hauv no loj ntiaj teb no muaj ib txwm cov neeg uas yuav tuaj mus rau cawm, thiab tshaj, tus me nyuam yuav tau muaj kev zoo siab los pab leej twg.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Lawm, qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Steiner muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas txawv los ntawm zoo tib yam loj hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tag nrho cov no yog piav los ntawm tus fact tias nyob rau hauv xws tsev sib txawv kiag li sis thiab lub hom phiaj caum los ntawm cov xib fwb. Cov me nyuam yuav tsis yuam kom kawm dab tsi los ntawm lub plawv - qhov no yog qhov yooj yim Credo ntawm no txoj kev ntawm kev kawm yuav ua li cas Waldorf kev kawm ntawv. Pros thiab cons ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv sib tham txog ntau zaum, txawm li cas los, ib qho kev saib thiaj li tsis muaj ib tug los. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias qhov no pedagogy yog ib tug lossis loj sib txawv, uas yog tsis tooj mus rau tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub 1-2 cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam tsis qhia kuv los nyeem thiab sau ntawv. Ob xyoos nyob rau hauv ib tug playful cov menyuam yuav kawm ntawv thiab ua zauv.

Thaum lub sij hawm zaj lus qhia, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov me nyuam kawm painting, xaws tshuab, knitting, teb, txawv teb chaws lus. Nyuab sciences, xws li kev kawm txog zauv, thawj lub tsev kawm kawm xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug playful txoj kev: cov me nyuam, tuav ob txhais tes, ua seev cev (kos lub voj voog) txav vertically, diagonally, mus rau lub square, tus duab plaub. "Yuav kom xav tias cov daim rau lawv tus kheej," cov thwjtim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tsis yog nyuaj rau kos lawv, sib faib nyob rau hauv ib nrab mus nrhiav tus puag ncig thiab thaj chaw.

Festivals thiab concerts

Nyob rau hauv Waldorf cov tsev kawm ntawv ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim rau cov hnub caiv thiab concerts. Rau txhua yam cov me nyuam ua ke nrog cov xib fwb npaj has lug hab, xaws costumes lawv tus kheej, kho kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog. Qhov no yog ib tug heev koom siab ua ke cov me nyuam, muab lawv lub sij hawm rau qhia lawv tus kheej. Kev ua tau nyob ntev rau paub txaj muag me nyuam - nws yog ib lub sij hawm los ua ntau so thiab neprinuzhdennym.Chasche tsuas tej kevcai zoo li cov qhua ua raug caw tuaj rau cov niam txiv thiab cov txheeb ze ze. Tus me nyuam, koj cov nyiaj them yug, ua nyob rau theem yog txawm ntau ntseeg. Nws Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv, tswvyim ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm uas tsuas yog tus zoo, tus nyhuv lig rau cov me nyuam, tsim nyob rau hauv lawv lub feem ntau npaj txhij txog tej txuj ci.

Waldorf kindergarten

Steiner pedagogy tau ua thiaj li nrov nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia, nws tau los ua tsim nyog los tsim thiab tu chaw rau lub hauv paus ntawm no tej lus qhuab qhia. Tom qab uas lub li ib txwm kindergarten tus menyuam xa mus kawm Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv, muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm. kev kawm qauv, uas nws tau pom nyob rau hauv kindergarten, tag fab tsev kawm ntawv tshiab: nyob rau hauv ib txwm preschool cov me nyuam twb pib kawm lub loj, rau siab ntso, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab ua zauv. Waldorf kindergarten - ib lub tsev kawm rau lawv kawm kom raws li nyob rau hauv Steiner pedagogy. Ntawm no cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si yuav tsum paub lub ntiaj teb no, ua crafts, ua si nyob rau hauv tus ntxhais thiab leej niam, mus rau lub khw, mus rau lub tsev kho mob. Diy siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv organic: pebbles, nplooj, cones, acorns. Cov khoom ua si nyob rau hauv xws lub vaj, dhau lawm, tsuas ib tug ntoo los yog khaub hlab.

Le caag thiab cov hau kev

Lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm pa mainstream tsev kawm ntawv yog cov nqe lus nug ntawm ua lwj ua liam thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ua phem. Saib tsis taus rau cov neeg laus, unwillingness kawm - nws yog ib qhov nyuaj poob lawm ntawm cov niam txiv, uas lawv hais tsis tau ua li cas. Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv mainstream tsev kawm ntawv kuj muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm.

Cia li ib tug phooj ywg thiab sov cua, muaj peev xwm tiag tiag ua rau kom zoo kev kawm thiab tus kheej kev loj hlob. Gameplay nyob rau hauv uas cov me nyuam kawm, tsim, kawm txog lub ntiaj teb no muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm zoo lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj thiab kev hais lus. Tag nrho cov nta muaj Waldorf School. Moscow, ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv uas ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis yog dab tsi yog feem ntau nthuav yog hais tias lawv tsis ua raws li lub nroog Department of Education thiab Science. Tsis zoo li cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj ib tug central cov thawj coj, thiab yog li lawv tsis txheeb ze thiab tsis ua raws li leej twg. Nyob rau hauv Steiner tsev kawm ntawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis muaj thawj tswj hwm, lawv muab los ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib hom ntawm cov xib fwb thiab cov niam txiv.

Tej Waldorf tsev kawm ntawv, tus nqi ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov European lub teb chaws uas nyhav pes tsawg, tsim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam sab ntsuj plig thiab talents. Txawm tus xaum, uas tus me nyuam los txog rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, nws tsis nrog nws niam nws txiv nws tus kheej.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, priverzhenka nruj kev qhuab qhia, xws li ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis yog raws nraim li ntawd. Cov me nyuam xyaum tsis muaj ib thaj tsam. Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas koj tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv tsis nyiam los yog nws twb paub yuav ua li cas nws yuav yooj yim los nrog rau zaj lus qhia. Yuav luag tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam lub neej: pab npaj ob tog, ua rau lawv nyob rau hauv tsev ib tug ntau yam ntawm crafts thiab txawm kev qhia. Thaum niam txiv-xib fwb lub rooj sib tham tham txog leej twg thiab li cas nws yuav ua tau zoo, ib lub sij hawm. Thiab yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, nyob rau hnub Monday, ib tug ntawm cov leej niam qhia cov me nyuam rau tus txheej txheem ntawm weaving khoom los ntawm cov hlaws dai, thiab nyob rau hnub Tuesday - txiv ntawm ib qho ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv qhia lawv kom ua tej nkoj nquam tawm ntawm ntoo. Txhua tus me nyuam, tsis hais seb nws yog ib tug me nyuam tub los ib tug ntxhais mus kawm txhua hoob kawm ntawv thiab kawm nrog lawv. Leej twg hais tias, piv txwv li, hais tias tus me nyuam tub muaj peev xwm tsis xaws los yog xaws, tab sis tus hluas nkauj tsis ua hauj lwm nrog ntoo? Nws yog ib tug ntseeg dab, uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li lub Waldorf School. Chaw nyob thiab hu cov tsev kawm ntawv Steiner pedagogy yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau lawv tus kheej qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li ib tug txoj cai, Waldorf cov tsev kawm ntawv txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau ntawm ib qhib hnub. Nws yog ua tau mus kawm cov kev tshwm sim, raws li kev nrog cov xib fwb thiab cov niam txiv, mus saib rau txoj kev kawm thiab txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej seb qhov no yog haum lub tsev kawm ntawv rau koj tus me nyuam.