Vladimir Monomakh: keeb kwm portrait. Muab ib tug piav qhia ntawm txoj cai Vladimira Monomaha

Vladimir Monomakh, lub npe hu rau niaj hnub historians zoo tshaj lwm tus princes ntawm no era. Paub thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej (1053-1125), raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias nws twb yug los ntawm Vsevolod Yaroslavich thiab "huab tais grekini". Raws li nws tus niam, Vladimir yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Constantine IX (Byzantine huab tais), thiab rau nws tus txiv - Yaroslava Mudrogo.

Nws tau txais ib qho zoo heev kawm ntawv thiab paub ntau yam lus, xws li Greek. Cov ancient Loos xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov lus mus ntxiv kev kawm ntawv. Tag nrho cov scientific, philosophical thiab sab ntsuj plig paub txog hais tias lub sij hawm twb qhib rau ib tug neeg uas paub qhov Greek hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv koj yuav hnov txog cov lus nug no: "Muab txoj cai teb Vladimira Monomaha". Lo lus teb rau nws, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm.

Thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm Vladimir II reigned nyob rau hauv Rostov, ces mus rau Smolensk, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl. Nws txoj cai nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv lub neej yog undeniable. Nws yog ib tug staunch tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm fratricidal strife ntawm lub princes. Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug: "Muab txoj cai teb Vladimira Monomaha", yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xyuas cov txheej xwm Lyubetskii Congress princes.

Hais tias Vladimir yog tus initiator ntawm no congress nyob rau hauv Lubitsch nyob rau hauv 1097, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog kom txhob muaj tus strife ntawm cov thawj, thiab tuaj mus rau ib tug ntau daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub fact tias ib tug neeg ntawm lawv yog. Combating strife nws khaws cia tag nrho nws lub neej.

txoj cai Feature

Lub ntsiab yeeb ncuab ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub princely feuds, Vladimir Monomah Polovtsian suav hais tias. Hais tias nws muaj kev tswj kom anchoring lub nomads thiab tsim kom muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ib lub thaj yeeb lub neej rau peb caug xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus riam phom, kom thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lawv cov av, nws siv cov hom kev kawm ntawm nws yawg Yaroslava Mudrogo. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws los ua nto moo raws li "txiv-nyob rau hauv-cov teb chaws Europe". Vladimir II sib yuav nws cov tub kom tus ntxhais ntawm lub Polovtsian Khan. Yog li nws muaj zog nws muaj kev thaj yeeb kev sib raug zoo.

Lub None yuav txiv rau tus ntxhais ntawm lub Anglo-Saxon huab tais Gita. Nrog mezhdinasticheskih kev sib yuav nws yog tau intermarry nrog lub Swedish, Norwegian, Byzantine, Hungarian lub xeev. Tom ntej no yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau lub internal txoj cai Vladimira Monomaha luv luv.

domestic txoj cai

txoj cai yam ntxwv Vladimira Monomaha tsis yog tas rau kev tsov kev rog, kev sib ceg thiab tawm tsam nrog thoob ntiaj teb ntawv cog lus. Nws twb koom nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm pej xeem lub neej, pej xeem kev ua si, kev tsim kho. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub annals muaj yog hais los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug choj hla tus Dnieper, lub fortified lub zos ntawm Ladoga thiab Novgorod lub Great, lub creation ntawm cov temples ntau.

Cov qhia tawm ntawm Russia ntawm lub sij hawm uas coj ntau qeeg, tus tub huabtais yuav tsis sib ntaus sib tua lawv. Cov catastrophic txheej xwm thiab phenomena yog:

• av qeeg;
• qhuav;
• dej nyab (feem ntau nyob rau hauv Novgorod);
• hluav taws kub (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv Kiev nyob rau hauv 1124, uas ntawd kub ntev li ob hnub, thiab tua tag nrho cov Podil thiab ib feem ntawm lub Upper Hauv lub zos);
• locust ntxeem tau (nyob rau hauv lub sab qab teb).

Yuav kom npaj lub neej ntawm cov neeg, tus tub huabtais tau tshiab "Lavxias teb sab tseeb." Tom qab lawv cov add-ons, nws twb renamed lub "Charter Vladimira Monomaha". Nws muaj tej yam nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntsuab nyiaj txais, uas tsim ib qho kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them cov nuj nqis. Qhov no tau tso cai rau neeg (ryadovicham, stinks, purchase) kom tsis txhob ua ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub qhev rau cov nuj nqis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv lub boyars, tub txawj tub ntse, warriors, usurers, cov pov thawj los ntawm qhov nrov uprisings.

Txawm tias muaj lub siab xav rau kev sib sau, cov internal txoj cai Vladimira Monomaha tsis koom nrog txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kev txiav txim. Rau centuries lub tswv yim tias cov tub huabtais yuav tsum sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes ntau li ntau tau thaj av rau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov me nyuam.

Cov lus qhia rau cov me nyuam

Vladimir Monomakh, uas yog tsis tas rau domestic kev nom kev tswv xwb sib ntaus sib tua strife, sawv cev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv cov kev ua ub. Ib tug ntawm cov hauj lwm uas tau koob meej tub huabtais, yog nws "Cov lus qhia rau cov me nyuam". Nws yog ib tug ntshiab piv txwv ntawm nws txoj kev ntse, erudition, nyeem ntawv piety. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws txhob kom nws cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb. Nws muab lawv nws cov lus qhia.

Cov kev taw qhia Vladimira Monomaha:

• feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov mus pe hawm Vajtswv;
• nyob rau hauv tsov rog cia li cia siab rau koj tus kheej, tsis nyob rau hauv lub xeev;
• tsis txhob tub nkeeg;
• Kuv hlub koj poj niam, tab sis tsis txhob cia lawv muaj hwj chim tshaj koj;
• Nco ntsoov ua raws li kev ncaj ncees;
• esteem ntawm cov neeg - cov neeg laus ua txiv thiab cov tub hluas raws li cov kwv tij;
• nyeem ambassadors thiab cov qhua khoom plig los yog khoom, raws li lawv yuav qhia rau koj txog lub ntiaj teb no;
• tsis txhob hnov qab lawv cov kev paub thiab kawm tej yam tshiab.

Cov ua hauj lwm nws tus kheej yog kawm los ntawm contemporaries li ib tug zoo heev txawj monument. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv raws li ib tug keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, uas tso cai rau koj kom to taub lub peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab medieval lub neej, nws txoj kev ntawm lub neej, kev ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb. Kawm paub txog cov khoom yuav cia cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub kawm kom paub daws nrog neeg ua hauj lwm: "Muab ib tug piav qhia ntawm txoj cai Vladimira Monomaha".

Xeem txoj kev

Duke nyob rau hauv '74. Nws hnub nyoog kawg rau lub ntiaj teb tau kev cob cog rua nrog lub Affairs ntawm lub xeev. Nws twb mus ncig nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Pereyaslavl, qhov uas nws npaj mus saib qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Boris thiab Gleb.

Tom qab nws tuag nws lub cev twb thauj mus rau Kiev thiab faus rau hauv cov seem nyob rau hauv lub St. Sophia Cathedral tom ntej no mus rau nws txiv. Lub chronicler qhia rau peb hais tias tag nrho cov neeg quaj rau nws, vim hais tias nws ntseeg nws "bratolyubtsem, nischelyubtsem thiab zoo sufferer rau lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws."

Lus dab neeg ntawm lub Cap ntawm Monomakh

Yog hais tias koj nug: "Muab txoj cai teb Vladimira Monomaha", nws yog muaj nqis mentioning ib qho kev nthuav lus dab neeg. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias thaum tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev mus rau Byzantium, huab tais xa nws ntawm cov cim ntawm txoj cai (regalia). Sawv cev muab nws ib tug khoom plig, uas muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm nqi thiab dawb ceev khoom:

• ntoo ntoo khaub lig nrog ntsia saum ntoo Khaublig particle uas Khetos tau muab tso rau txoj kev tuag;
• khob ntawm carnelian, uas twb muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm huab tais Augustus Caesar;
• Kub bartenders (Lub xub pwg nyom) dai kom zoo nkauj nrog precious pob zeb;
• saw ntawm Arabian kub
• muaj koob muaj npe yas.

Nws lub npe hu ua lub crown ntawm Monomakh lub Cap. Nws twb crowned rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub vaj mus ua raws li Petra Velikogo. Niaj hnub nimno cov kws txawj pom muaj ib tsis sib xws nyob rau hauv no cov lus dab neeg, vim hais tias lub crown yog ua los ntawm qhov chaw uas hnub rov qab mus rau lub 14th caug xyoo.

Txawm li cas los, cov lus dab neeg proves tias Russia twb xam tau tias yog lub successor ntawm Constantinople (Constantinople). Yuav kom refute tej cov lus xaus muaj tseem tsis tau daws tau, nyob rau hauv ib feem vim cov neeg txawj ntse txoj cai ntawm Vladimir Vsevolodovich.