Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yog cov feem ntau kim hlau

Ntau xyoo tau dhau mus lawm txij thaum ntawd los, nyob rau hauv 1869 D. I. Mendeleev nkag tau rau pej xeem nws cov thawj lub rooj ntawm tshuaj ntsiab. Thiab niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam neeg nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw mob siab heev interesting lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas koj hu xov tooj thiab ntau npaum li cas yog cov feem ntau kim hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb?" Thiab yog hais tias muaj nqi heev pob zeb tau tsim ntau dua los yog tsawg ncaj ncees sawv cev, ces nrog paub txog qhov teeb meem no yog heev npaum li cas co ua lag ua luam. Tsuas yog ib tug ob peb yuav tsum tau mus rau npe rau lub kim tshaj plaws hlau.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog osmium isotope 1870s. Nyob rau hauv lub periodic system ntawm Mendeleev lub kim tshaj plaws precious hlau yog nyob rau ntawm tus naj npawb 76. Qhov tseeb yog tias Osmium isotope - tus yam tag nrho cov tshuaj uas yog qhib tib neeg. Zoo kawg, tab sis cov kev ceev ntawm lub hlau sib npaug zos rau 22,62 g / cc. Osmium txawv yam ntxwv pungent tsw thiab nyiaj. Vim nws lub cev thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau siv nyob rau hauv lub nuclear kev lag luam, hniav nyiaj hniav kub raug thiab pharmaceuticals.

Tseem xav li cas yog cov feem ntau kim hlau tus kheej peb yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau saib. Qhov no yog hais tias hnub no, kev ua lag luam ntawm ferrous co ib 1 gram Osmium yuav tau them ntau tshaj 200 txhiab. Las. Cov thawj nom exporter Osmium yog Kazakhstan, uas nyob rau hauv 2004 npaj rau ib tug gram ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 000 $. Sib nrug los ntawm Kazakhstan, tsis muaj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj osmium isotopes, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm yog ib co complex ua hauj lwm. Hlau tau los ntawm calcining concentrates ntawm platinum ntawm kub ntawm 900-1000 ° C.

Raws lub kim tshaj plaws hlau - California 252. Raws li ntawm 2010, tus nqi ntawm 1 gram ntawm California cas rau 6.5 lab nyiaj. Txawm li cas los, lub ntiaj teb reserves ntawm no hlau tsuas yog ib tug ob peb grams, thiab tsuas yog ob lub teb chaws (Russia thiab lub teb chaws USA) ua txog 20-40 micrograms per xyoo. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm California yog ntau tshaj impressive: tsuas 1 g yog tau emit 2 lab neutrons ib ob. Tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv, tus hlau siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm phem hlav nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, raws li ib tug taw tes qhov twg los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons.

Lwm noble hlau yog platinum. Thiab yog hais tias nws tsis tsis tau hais tias lub npe ntawm cov "feem ntau kim hlau," hais tias ib feem ntawm lub 5 feem ntau precious. Yog hais tias peb saib keeb kwm, lub platinum mined twb nyob rau hauv lub 12-14 centuries, cov pab pawg neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub Andes. Rau cov neeg ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, nws yog twb nyob rau hauv lub 16-17th centuries. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm platinum qhov chaw hnub no yog koom nyob rau hauv 5 lub teb chaws: USA, Russia, Tuam Tshoj, South Africa thiab Zimbabwe.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau tsim platinum npib, tab sis, tsis zoo li kub thiab nyiaj, platinum pib mint lawv kuj ntev los no.

Hlau muaj tau ntse siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov kev kho mob, kho hniav thiab laser tshuab. Lawv npog lub cev ntawm submarines tiv thaiv corrosion.

Lub platinum hniav nyiaj hniav kub kev lag luam kuj muaj ib tug high nqi.

Raws li lub Ib hlis 1, 2013, qhov nruab nrab nqi rau 1 gram ntawm platinum yog hais txog $ 70. Lub ntsiab muag khoom ua lag luam yeej ib txwm tau Nyiv, tab sis hnub no lub xibtes confidently coj tshaj Tuam Tshoj.

Los ntawm txoj kev, txhua txhua xyoo lub ntiaj teb no tus hniav nyiaj hniav kub kev lag luam kov ntau tshaj 50 tons ntawm platinum, thiab Tuam Tshoj tso nyiaj rau txog 50% ntawm tag nrho cov muag khoom.