St. Sophia Cathedral - nto moo tshaj plaws landmark ntawm Kiev

St. Sophia Cathedral - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj architectural lub pov haum nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm Kiev, nyob rau hauv eponymous square. Nyob rau hauv lub XI xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ntshav sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm lub Kiev tub huabtais Yaroslava Mudrogo tswj los yeej tshaj lub nomadic Pechenegs, thiab vim hais tias nws yog ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj tom qab ua no.

zaj dabneeg

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kiev Saint Sophia Cathedral nyob thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub legendary Yaroslava Mudrogo, tab sis cov keeb kwm ntawm lub ntsiab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Kievan Rus yog heev tham. Ib txhia soj ntsuam cam hais tias lub tuam tsev ntawm qhov chaw no nrhiav tau thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha, tiam sis feem ntau kws tshawb fawb muaj xws li tso lub hauv paus mus rau lub era ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo.

Cathedral tsa zoo tshaj plaws Byzantine masters, xa los ntawm Constantinople, tab sis pawg ntseeg tau ua ntau ntau tshaj lwm cov Byzantine Orthodox churches, thiab yog cov coob lub tuam tsev complex nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm pre-Mongol Russia. Tsis ntev tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub Kyiv Sophia Cathedral ua qhov chaw ntawm nom tswv, sab ntsuj plig thiab kev cai lub neej, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no zoo kawg thiab princes tau txais txawv teb chaws ambassadors, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev keeb kwm, nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab nrov los ua ke sib sau ncaj qha nyob rau hauv nws cov majestic phab ntsa.

Nyob rau hauv 1240 lub St. Sophia Cathedral twb sacked los ntawm lub Mongols, tiam sis lub tsev dim kiag li, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev architecture ntawm tseem ceeb kev hloov tau ua. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob ntawm ancient hemispherical ncaws tau ntsia siab txiv moj coos zoo li tus ncaws, lub tuam tsev los ua ib tug tshiab chapels, thiab nws whitewashed facade. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, lub Cathedral poob tus txheej xwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv 1934 tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-cia. Txojkev Pe Hawm nws yuav luag tsis-existent tam sim no, thiab cov kev pab cuam no tsuas yog ib xyoos ib zaug - 24 Lub yim hli ntuj, thaum Ukraine ua koomtxoos nco txog nws Independence hnub.

Architecture thiab sab hauv tsim

Thaum lub lem ntawm XVII-XVIII centuries, thaum St. Sophia Cathedral tau ua ib feem ntawm Orthodox monastery complex, lub facade ntawm lub tuam tsev muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Ukrainian Baroque. Thiab ib ncig ntawm lub ancient tsev lwm yam vaj tse nyob rau hauv tib lub architectural style, xws li ib tug nkag pej thuam thiab lub tswb pej thuam thiab refectory fraternal tsev nyob Brama Zaborovsky thiab Metropolitan Tsev.

Lub ntsiab "highlight" ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj fwm mosaic XI xyoo pua, thiab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Tswv Yexus Pantocrator thiab tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Oranta. Tag nrho cov mosaic ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev tau siv glazes, uas yog ib lub ntsev hlau, iav thiab hlau oxides, thiab tsuas yog tawg tsam ua ancient ntuj pob zeb daim masters.

Tu siab, lub tuam tsev frescoes dim ntau zuj zus tshaj qhov ancient mosaic decorations. Nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj koj yuav saib tau lub loj heev hlau phiaj, uas yog kom meej meej pom crescent duab, uas yog ib tug Muslim cim. Thiab nws tsis yog tseeb yog vim li cas xws li ib tug hauv pem teb npog nyob rau hauv lub Orthodox thaj neeb. Chiv, lub hauv paus chav ntawm flooring tau leem nrog mosaics, thiab nyob rau hauv tombs thiab aisles - me me tej hub phiaj, tej hub tawg tsam thiab cov pobzeb flooring nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw thiab yog tam sim no kom meej meej pom.

nta

Sophia Cathedral ntev khaws cia lwm daim card, qhib lub wizard thaum lub sij hawm lub restoration ua hauj lwm. Qhov no ancient phab ntsa inscriptions, uas tau tom qab muab zais nyob rau hauv whitewash thiab hniav frescoes thiab cov uas tau khij qhua St. Sophia yuav pom niaj hnub no, raws li cov restorers tsis gloss tshaj lawv los yog xim tshiab murals. Lwm attraction ntawm lub tuam tsev yog ib qho ancient carved sarcophagus ntawm marble, uas tsev qhov seem ntawm tus tau tas sim neej nyob rau hauv 1054 Grand Yaroslava Mudrogo, thiab nws cov kev soj ntsuam xyuas yog muaj nyob rau txhua tus qhua.