Txoj kev ntawm txoj kev ua elementary zauv duab kos tau tshwm (FEMP) nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg

Nws yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub neej cov me nyuam muaj lub sij hawm los kawm ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm elementary zauv tswv yim, uas tus me txiv neej twg thiaj li raug cov zajlus kom tib zoo xav.

Nta ntawm puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev kawm kev tshawb fawb

Diagnostics, pheej nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem preschool tsev txhawb tau lub tsim ntawm 4-7 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog cov kev qhia tswj ntawm zauv xav. Cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm hits tus me nyuam, implies ib tug nrhiav rau cov lus teb siv logic kev txawj ntse. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm-playing ua si rau lub FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg ntawm preschool cov me nyuam raug cob qhia kom paub cov khoom, sib piv thiab saib lub ntsab lug cai tshwm sim, to taub yooj yim kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Raws li lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv no muaj hnub nyoog pab kev txawj ntse thiab sensual kev. Tus me nyuam yog ib qhov nyuaj los tsim kom tau lawv tus kheej cov saw ntawm logic, yog li ntawd ua lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv shaping tus xav belongs rau tus xibfwb. Tej yam kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg yog aimed ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam, kev npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv. Niaj hnub nimno neej yuav tsum tau tus neeg saib xyuas thov cov kev qhia tswj ntawm kev loj hlob kev kawm ntawv, active siv lub tshiab hom kev kawm thiab cov hau kev ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm zauv xav.

Zaj dabneeg hauv lub FEMP nyob rau hauv preschool kawm

Cov niaj hnub txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm elementary zauv txawj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ntawm preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog, ib tug ntev keeb kwm txoj kev. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lo lus nug ntawm txoj kev thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm preschool kawm xam mas suav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries txawv teb chaws thiab lub zos ntawv thiab psychologists. Nyob rau hauv lawv kev kawm systems tsim rau 4-6 xyoos, K. D. Ushinsky, I. G. Pestalotstsi, Ya. A. Kamensky taw tes qhia tawm cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kom muaj ib tug to taub kom meej ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas cov kev ntsuas sib txawv ntawm cov ntau, ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom muaj algorithm ntawm kev ua .

Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub preschool xyoo, muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb txoj kev loj hlob, uas qhia kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub ruaj tsis khov nram qab no xyuam xim lub tswv yim: lub sij hawm, zoo lawm, tus xov tooj, qhov chaw. Lawv nrhiav tau nws ib qho nyuaj rau hais txog cov pawg ua ke, npaj lawv, mus thov lawv cov kev paub rau lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsoom fwv teb chaws kev kawm ntawv cov qauv tsim rau kindergartens, FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg yog ib tug yuav tsum.

Lub tswvyim ntawm pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv yuav muab tseeb uas yuav tsum tau rau cov tsim ntawm tuav kev txaus siab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ua ntej qib, thiab ib co ntawm nws yog cia li kawm zauv.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm zauv tswv yim rau lawv kawm kom

Qhia cov me nyuam cov qauv rau kev xws li ib tug complex science, lej occupies nyob rau hauv niaj hnub pedagogy tseem ceeb heev. Tej kev txaus siab yog vim ob peb yog vim li cas:

• tsev qha ntawv yuav pib los ntawm 6-7 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog;
• ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau los ntawm tus me nyuam cov zajlus kom tib zoo xav;
• cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv technology (ICT).

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog preschool lej kev pab cuam

Nws lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb yog los tsim cov zajlus kom muaj peev xwm thiab tswv yim, tsim kho kev puas hlwb kev ua si, kev loj hlob ntawm miv tau lawv kawm. Tej yam kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg yog aimed ntawm kev tsim qhov nyuaj hais, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm grammatically tseeb hais lus.

Cov zauv kev kawm rau yav tom ntej cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv lub Program, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhia lawv cov me nyuam Numeracy, tsim lub tswv yim ntawm tus xov tooj thiab cov nyiaj uas thawj zaug kaum. FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg yuav faib kev kawm rau hauv sib npaug zos qhov chaw, xab cov khoom uas lub zwj ceeb yardsticks, kev txiav txim ntawm tej thiab kua lub cev. Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kom tiav ntawv muaj kawm npaj ib lub qhov muag xwm, yog sawv cev ntawm ntau yam geometric duab, tsim ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm spatial kev sib tshuam.

Thaum lub sij hawm qhia nyob rau hauv lej pab qhia realizes tsis tau tsuas yog qhov yooj yim kev kawm ntawv cov hom phiaj, FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg pab kev kawm ntawv kev khiav dej num. Tus kws qhia ntawv muab ib lub tswv yim rau cov tub kawm ntawv txog cov kev cai ntawm kev coj cwj pwm, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev qhuab qhia, kev mob siab, nws tus kheej-kev qhuab qhia. lub tsim los ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam elementary zauv tswv yim kawm tau nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, nruab hnub, yav tsaus ntuj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 2-3 lub sij hawm ib lub lim tiam. FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm GEF pab cov xib fwb tsim lawv tej pawg ntseeg active pej xeem, kev txiav txim, rau siab ntso, thiab nws tus kheej-restraint.

Phiaj zajlus kom txawj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm molding, nqus. Siv cov kev faib cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv (origami) yuav pab tau perpetuate paub txog rho los, loj, me, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntawv thov kev pab los tsim spatial tswv yim, xyaum thaum lub sij hawm cov kev cobqhia qualities ntawm preschool cov me nyuam raws li tuaj raws sijhawm, rau siab ntso. Lub cev ce thiab suab paj nruag cov chav kawm muaj xws li lub ntsiab ntawm qhov kev ua si. Mathematics yog indispensable thaum lub sij hawm them, qoj ib ce. Sab nraum zoov ua si neeg zov me nyuam siv luag tus thawj xyuam xim lub tswv yim kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov, FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg thiab muaj thaum lub sij hawm taug kev, lub teb chaws mus ncig ua si.

Tsim kev kawm FEMP

Raws li ib lub hauv paus rau cov kev qhia ua lej tau lawv kawm thov didactic txoj kev: lub taub hau, taub hau, tus kheej, taub hau. Paub hais tias cov kws qhia ntawv yuav xa tus me nyuam los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv rau cov tub kawm ntau, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. Yuav kom rov hais dua cov kev siv tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm-ua si ua si. Kev kawm txog zauv yuav tau lawv kawm nyiam kawm, lawv zoo siab mus nqa tawm cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, tab tom nrhiav rau zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom, ua kom pom tseeb rau me me kom paub meej, kom nrhiav tau cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no saib.

tsim kev kawm

Cov chav kawm cia siv ntawm cov xib fwb qhia ntau hom kev kawm: visualization, gaming technology: hais lus sib tham, sab nraum zoov ua si, pem hauv ntej lub chaw xaiv tsa.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub preschool kawm zauv yog tsim kev kawm. Tej synopsis ntawm FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg yuav siv cov duab (manuals, qauv, paintings, duab), li ntawd, cov me nyuam tau txais ib tug ua tiav daim duab txog cov khoom, lawv lub zog thiab yam ntxwv.

Yuav tsum muaj rau Yaus nyob rau hauv preschool

Nyob ntawm seb cov kev kawm txoj kev sib tw ntawm ib tug neeg thiab muaj hnub nyoog yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam, muaj tej yam kev cai uas yuav tsum tau tag nrho nyob rau hauv kab nrig txog kev pom zauv uas siv:

• ib tug ntau yam ntawm me me, xim, zoo lawm;
• tau siv nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm-playing ua si;
• dynamic, lub dag lub zog, stability;
• aesthetic yam ntxwv;

E. V. Serbina, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv muaj "kev kawm tej lus qhuab qhia," uas siv rau cov preschool xib fwb:

• "Tsis txhob maj nrog cov kev tshwm sim." Txhua tus me nyuam muaj nyob rau hauv nws "scenario", nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los qhia kom nws zoo dua qhov rau accelerate lub yam tshwm sim.
• "Promotion - qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav muaj kev vam meej." GCD los ntawm FEMP nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov qib ntawm tej kev rau siab tus me nyuam. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov neeg moments uas koj yuav xav kom ib tug me nyuam. Qhov teeb meem no maj, kuv tsim txhua tus me nyuam, nws muaj txhawb mus rau lub hais txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zajlus kom txawj, kom txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev kawm lej.

Lub meej ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog lawv kawm kom

Preschool muaj hnub nyoog tsis hais kev siv ntawm tsis zoo npiv zas, censure los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los sib piv cov achievements ntawm ib tug me nyuam nrog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv, tsuas yog tso cai tsom xam ntawm ib tug neeg me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab cov tswv yim uas ua rau nws pawg ntseeg txoj kev txaus siab. Cov chav kawm "nyob rau hauv yuam" ua tsis zoo, on qhov tsis tooj, lawv ua mus rau tsim ntawm ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, xam kev txawj ntse. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug tus kheej kov thiab nyiam phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus me nyuam thiab nws saib guaranteed zoo tshwm sim.

Forums preschool kawm zauv

Qhov kev pab cuam ntawm preschool kawm zauv yog los kawm txog cov nram qab no: tus nqi, tus xov tooj, geometric duab, orientation rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv plaub xyoo, cov me nyuam kawm suav kev txawj ntse, kev siv xov tooj, kev ncauj yooj yim computational hauj lwm. koj yuav ua si ua si nrog blocks ntawm txawv ntau thiab tsawg pab nyob rau hauv ib tug muab lub sij hawm, xim, duab.

Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si, tus kws qhia ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam hauv qab no kev txawj ntse:

• tuav zog, xov tooj, tej khoom, nrhiav kom tau ntawm tej yam yooj yim hloov nyob rau hauv tus duab, loj;
• kev sib piv, generalization ntawm pawg ntawm cov khoom, txuam, kev rho tawm ntawm cov kev cai;
• kev ywj pheej, hypotheses, cov kev tshawb fawb kev npaj

xaus

GEF rau preschools muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg tswv yim uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub kindergarten kawm tiav. Yav tom ntej thawj-formers yuav tsum paub zoo lawm khoom, yam ntxwv qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam geometric duab, ntau thiab tsawg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav piv tau rau ob geometric khoom, 6-7-xyoo-laus tus me nyuam siv hais lus thiab kev txawj ntse kev txawj ntse. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov hom kev kawm pab rau tsim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam xav. Educator nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm txog lej cov kev ua ub xaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev ua hauj lwm uas yuav pab mus rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv kawm kom. Nyob rau hauv kindergarten, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws tsis yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tu ncua kev cob qhia thiab tsim ntawm ib tug yav tom ntej tus menyuam kawm ntawv.