Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm DPT: seev suab, txim thiab cov lus teb

Thaum tsev neeg muaj ib tug me nyuam me me, cov niam txiv thiab thiaj li khob qhov rooj down: dab tsi mus pub rau, yuav ua li cas rau koj hnav, yuav ua li cas yog tias koj mam li nco dheev ua mob ... Thiab ces, tsawg tshaj li peb lub hlis los ntawm lub hnub yug, pediatricians hu rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog DTP (transcript ntawm abbreviations - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus). Thaum nyeem txog lub zoo txim, cov niam clutching nws lub taub hau. Wb sim ua ke los xyuas seb scarier: kuj muab los yog tawm hauv tus me nyuam lam tau lam ua rau txaus ntshai kab mob?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau tsim lawv tus kheej me nyuam txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas, ntawm chav kawm, muaj txhawb rau lub mis-pub mis. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub muaj xws li DTP txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Deciphering hais tias nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj tua hlwb ntawm pathogens ntawm tag nrho peb cov kab mob. Qhov no yog tsim nyog rau lub cev rau tus me nyuam tau ntsib c txaus ntshai hlwb thiab lub cev tau tsim tshuaj.

Yog li ntawd tsim "cellular nco": Ua Raws nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov yav nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub system nco ntsoov tus kab mob no. Npaj cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua sai li sai tau, uas yuav pab tau kom sai sai tiv nrog tus kab mob no. Pertussis kab mob ua rau lub feem ntau tsausmuag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (kub, o), li ntawd, cov me nyuam attenuated tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj analogue - DT (diphtheria-tetanus).

Yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai tus kab mob no

Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj insidious kab mob thiab yog tshwj xeeb yog mob loj heev cuam tshuam. Cia peb xav txog lawv nyias:

1. Pertussis. Nws yog yooj yim meej pem nrog khaub thuas los sis mob khaub thuas banal: tag nrho cov tib hnoos thiab los ntswg qhov ntswg. Thiab tsuas yog ib ob peb lub lis piam tom qab, thaum cov tsos mob ntawm SARS yuav tsum twb muaj, nws yog tseeb hais tias cov duab no yog heev txawv. Hnoos txhua txhua hnub mob yog tsis zoo heev tshaj, mob hnoos tej zaum yuav kav mus txog 15 feeb, raws li los ntawm ntuav los yog los ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos nws yuav ua tau kom ua pa raug ntes. Qhov tsim nyog yuav yog ib tug "residual daim ntawv", thaum txhua txias ntws nrog tib yam mob loj heev hnoos.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm diphtheria thiab tetanus, feem ntau txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog tsis cov kab mob rau lawv tus kheej, thiab lub tshuaj lom lawv tsim.

2. Diphtheria. Co toxins cuam tshuam rau lub plawv, lub siab thiab ob lub raum, lub paj hlwb. Lub qhov tsim nyog tau tej zaum yuav txhawm chim.

3. Tetanus. Txawm ntau terrifying taug ua los ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj mob loj nqaij chua, uas yog nrog mob thiab tu-sauv. mob raug ntes los yog ua tsis taus pa - yog tsis yooj yim dua.

Lub tsuas txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog DTP. Deciphering tej zaum ntshai nws niam nws txiv multicomponent. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis muaj nuj nqis tab sis compatibility. Nws yog qhov no ua ke nrog ntawm 1940 thiab yog tseem suav hais tias yog tagnrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau cov DTP, nws yog permissible yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob polio thiab kab mob siab B.

Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv siv

Niaj hnub no, cov niam txiv yuav xaiv dab tsi rau kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv koj tus me nyuam. Rau cov kev teem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau siv domestic version DTP (transcript yog sawv cev me ntsis saum toj no). Rau ib tus nqi, koj yuav tau muab tso rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Infanrix".

Thov ib ke ntawm cov tshuaj:

• "Pentaxim" - ib tug txheej txheem DTP + polio + Hib.
• "Tritanriks-HB» - DTP + kab mob siab B.

txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sij hawm

Local cov menyuam yaus feem ntau ceeb toom tias lub sij hawm tau tuaj mus rau muab tso rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawv teb chaws muaj txawv me ntsis lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv Russia hnub no, tus me nyuam tau txais thawj DTP 3 lub hlis. Qhov thib ob yuav tsum ua raws li 4.5, peb - nyob rau hauv rau lub hlis. Tom qab ib tug ntev so (ib xyoos), qhov kawg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab tso rau 18 lub hlis. Qhov no ua tiav tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tus me nyuam tau txais 100% tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov kab mob.

Dua li no, cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam DTP txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau txais cov me nyuam yaus yog tseem qhib. Nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, lawv cov ua nyob rau 3, 6 thiab 18 hlis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj medotvody rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas. Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau lub thawj koob tshuaj, thiab ces muab ib tawg, koj tsis tas yuav mus pib lub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej, txuas ntxiv rau tu ncua saw txaus. Revaccination yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 6 thiab 14 xyoo, thiab ces txhua txhua kaum xyoo.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias hnoos yog feem ntau txaus ntshai rau cov me nyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias tus me nyuam mus txog rau 4 xyoo tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog DTP, ces nws yog ua tau rau txhaj tshuaj npaj DT, vim hais tias tus kab mob pertussis nyob rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog yog kis yooj yim npaum li.

Kev npaj rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nws tsis yog ib txwm hauv zos cov menyuam yaus appoint ib tug tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam thiab sau los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog yooj yim piav qhia, muab nws workload. Tej zaum cov kws kho mob tsuas nug niam txiv yog tias tus me nyuam yog noj qab nyob zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv no lub hauv paus, tso cai rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txij li thaum lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam dag nrog cov niam txiv, lawv thiab coj active cov kauj ruam:

• Xaiv ib qho kev ywj tus kws kho mob.
• Noj nws cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv ntsuam thiab ultrasound.
• Mus saib ib tug neurologist.
• Tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv koj lub teb chaws thiab cov tswv yim uas ib tug xaiv.

Yog hais tias tus me nyuam yog noj qab nyob zoo, nws yog zoo tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo, yuav raug muab coj los DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv. Deciphering no tsiaj yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov txog txaus ntshai kab mob koj muab nws tiv thaiv. Xav txog tej yam ib tug me nyuam tub nyob tsis tau twjywm li, yog tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mob kab xeb,. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau zaus nws tau tawg nws lub hauv caug, scratched rau ib tug xeb laj kab? Thiab txhua txhua xws raug mob - yog qhov uas yuav muaj ntawm txais ib tug kab mob, tuag nyob rau hauv 85% ntawm cov neeg.

Yog hais tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnub yog teem rau 6 hnub (3 ua ntej thiab 3 tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv) yuav tsum tau muab tus me nyuam rau ib nrab ib ntsiav tshuaj "suprastin" nyob rau hauv lub yav sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Tsis txhob pub koj tus me nyuam ua ntej mus xyuas cov kev kho mob chav. Tom qab DTP muab tso rau hauv yog tsis pom zoo rau 30 feeb mus rau tawm hauv lub tsev kho mob kom tau kev pab sai sai nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tsis haum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Mus txog tsev, tam sim ntawd muab antipyretic neeg sawv cev, piv txwv li, "Nurofen" los yog muab tso rau taws tswm ciab nrog paracetamol. Lawv kuj muaj analgesic nyhuv uas yuav pab tau lub crumbs yooj yim hloov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hnub kub yog ib txwm, antipyretic yuav tau lawm os. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug siab kub, thiab nyob rau hauv peb hnub, ces hu rau koj tus kws kho mob.

Deterioration tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Ntawm tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau yam nqa nws DPT - tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas suab zoo li ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm lub adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus. Niaj hnub no, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hais lus tawm tsam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv txuas mus rau qhov txaus ntshai txim ntawm DPT txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg tshwm sim nram qab no tshwm sim tsis zoo:

• lossis puas liab liab thiab o ntawm lub qhov koob;
• ib tug me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv lub cev kub;
• nce kev ntxhov siab vim;
• digestive system kev ntshawv siab.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov DTP, cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev sib ntaus tawm tsam alien thiab hostile hlwb. Cov tsos mob ploj hauv ib hnub tom qab kuj. Niaj hnub no tus kev muaj tiag yog tias kom txog rau thaum tag nrho cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau dab tsi rau cov kev taw qhia lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob uas tuaj rau ib tug mus ntsib. Yog li ntawd, ib tug los ntswg qhov ntswg thiab raws plab tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis muaj direct kev sib raug zoo rau nws.

Tu siab, qhov no tsis yog cov phem tshaj plaws uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab lub DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv tauj. Lub txim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov muaj zog edema (ntau tshaj 10 cm), qhov chaw kawm quaj tus me nyuam thiab clusive kub saum toj no 39 degrees pom tau hais tias mob loj heev. Muaj xws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm ntawm li 1 mus rau 15,000 tus me nyuam.

Nyob rau hauv tsawg tus neeg mob, cov tom qab tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug manifestation grafting yav tas los muab zais raum pathologies, hepatic, central lub paj hlwb cov kab mob. Kaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm glomerulonephritis thiab tus me nyuam tuag ib lub lim tiam tom qab DTP. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tau anaphylactic poob siab, qaug dab peg, encephalopathy. Tus zaus ntawm xws teeb meem yog heev me me, hais txog 1 ib 500 000-1 000 000 cov me nyuam. Tab sis rau ib txhia, qhov no yog ib rooj plaub ntawm neeg tuag taus ...

Tus thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Yog li ntawd, koj muaj 3 lub hlis, thiab ntawm no nws yog - tus thawj caw mus rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv no muaj hnub nyoog? Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv utero fetus los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws tau txais los ntawm leej niam lub cev. Thiab yog hais tias, tam sim ntawd tom qab tus me nyuam yug los yuav ua kom paub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv yuav cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv. Tab sis maj mam lub ntuj tiv thaiv teeb meem yog txo, nws yuav tsum tau rov qab los. Yog li ntawd piav cov kws kho mob. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau yuav, koj yuav nug dab tsi kom muab tso rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Xaiv ntshuam lim tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm lub fact tias nws yog them.

Thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev point. Yog hais tias koj muaj ib yam dab tsi rau yam tus me nyuam lub xeev (snot, malaise), ncua txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis txhob mloog zog tswv yim pom zoo mus rau cov kev kho mob chav tam sim ntawd. Nws muaj peev xwm tau nkag nyob rau hauv 4 lub hlis tom qab. Health-kev saib xyuas neeg ua hauj lwm - cov neeg nyob, lawv yuav tsum tau ua lawv cov ua hauj lwm rau lub sij hawm. Tab sis, los ntawm thiab loj, ob peb cov neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj tus me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv xav tau ib tug "zuam" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, thiab los sau lub tu siab txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas koj muaj. Vajtswv txwv tsis pub, ntawm chav kawm.

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, zoo soj ntsuam cov cwj pwm ntawm tus me nyuam. Muaj zog quaj, zoo o, kub taub hau - tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm ntawm tom ntej txhaj tshuaj ib ntus los yog mus tas li, nyob ntawm seb qhov heev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsuas yog ib tug me me sawv nyob rau hauv kub (37-38 degrees) yuav ntshai raws li ib tug qub lus teb rau cov DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv. Sealing thiab liab ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob tuav tau ntau tshaj ib hnub twg, thiab ntau dua tshaj 5 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov tshuaj "Infanrix" feem ntau tsis ua teeb meem thiab teeb meem zoo taus.

Qhov thib ob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

30-45 hnub yog hais tias tus thawj koob tshuaj yog zoo kis, tus kws kho mob mam li caw koj mus re-txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam yog mob lub sij hawm no, tus txheej txheem nteg tau rov qab. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua tau muaj zog tshaj lub ua ntej lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog dab tsi, vim hais tias lub cev twb muaj kev tswj kom tsim ib qhov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj.

Yog hais tias lub hoomaum tsis tau thov, yuav tsum hais qhia rau nws hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau tus thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias nws twb tau qhia, qhov yuav tsum tau siv mas tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li nws yog ib qho zoo taus. Yog hais tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nyuab, yuav hloov tau lub DPT DT (tsis pertussis tivthaiv), los yog rho zoo rau nws, txawm entreaties.

Ib tug thib peb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Tej zaum nws yog nws, thiab tsis yog tus thib ob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tus muaj zog tshaj cov lus teb. By lub sij hawm no koj twb paub, raws li ib tug me nyuam yog cov tshuaj no thiab yuav ua rau txoj kev txiav txim siab. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los raug lub noj qab haus huv, yog hais tias muaj teeb meem txog tej ntawm. Nws yog tom qab lub thib peb koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog xam hais tias lub cev yog siab muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv no peb cov kab mob.

Seb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov hauj lwm zoo nyob ntawm lub qhov koob

Yog. Cov tshuaj no yog npaj rau intramuscular txhaj tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yaus, nws yog ib tug zoo-tsim ncej puab nqaij, nws yog muaj thiab muab tso rau DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txiav suab ntawm cov (xyuas feem ntau muaj discontent txhuas cov ntsiab lus, uas ua adjuvant) rau ib tug yuav tsum hauv paus yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntim, raws li koj muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm kev saib cov thawj yees duab ntawm tsab xov xwm. Tu siab, tsis yeej ib txwm ib tug kws muaj txuj los mus piav qhia rau cov niam txiv txhawj xeeb, vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau lub aforementioned txhuas, thiab lub caij no, nws yog ncaj qha mus txog rau lo lus nug nyob rau hauv lub subtitle. txhuas hydroxide adsorbed tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho cov ntsiab thiab ua rau lawv ntawm lub qhov rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, yog li ntawd ib lub cev tsis teb yuav tsum generated ua ntej lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab yuav tso zis los ntawm lub cev. tsis yog li ntawd cov tshuaj yog txhaj cov nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab tsis nyob rau hauv adipose ntaub so ntswg, namely, mus rau hauv cov nqaij. Cov me nyuam loj dua 4 xyoos ua ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub forearm.

Kuv puas yuav tau muab ib tug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Niaj hnub no, cov niam txiv yeej muab tso rau hauv ib qho tsis yooj yim sua txoj hauj lwm. Tsis xav - tsis txhob ua li cas, lo lus teb rau koj tus kheej thiab liam koj tus kheej, yog hais tias tus me nyuam yog mob heev. Peb teev? Tag nrho cov cai. Tab sis nco ntsoov: yog hais tias muaj yog teeb meem, koj tsis xav kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ib tug yuav tsum tau kev daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj ib tug muaj los yog assigns. Cov niam txiv sim mus nrhiav ib lo lus teb nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, cov khoom, forums, sib tham nyob rau DTP. Txiav suab ntawm cov, xyuas, kev qhia txog ntawm cov neeg tsis tshua muaj heev neeg mob qhov twg lub txim yog loj tshaj plaws - tag nrho cov no hais lus kom meej meej nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yuav ua li cas?

Cia peb tig mus rau keeb kwm. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kab mob pertussis nrog mob tag nrho cov me nyuam, thiab tsawg kawg yog 5% tuag. Diphtheria kis txog 25% ntawm cov me nyuam, thiab cov thuaj cai nyob rau hauv yuav luag 50% tus neeg mob. Tetanus - ib tug heev txaus ntshai tus kab mob. Thiab niaj hnub no, txawm niaj hnub kho mob, lub neej no tus nqi yog hais txog 80% ntawm cov neeg.

Ib qho ntxiv uas yog hais tias vim tus loj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob kev nkeeg tau poob ho, yog li koj tus me nyuam yuav loj hlob thiab tsis muaj mob. Ib zaug ntxiv, nyob rau hauv lub 70s yoj coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, tsis ua hauj lwm yuav txhaj tshuaj. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tom ntej tus xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob, muaj teeb meem thiab tuag incomparably mob ntawm cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ntsiab lus, peb yuav hais tias cov DTP - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev txheeb xyuas txog tej uas koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm feem ntau - sharply tsis zoo, vim nws cov high reactogenicity. Tiam sis yog tias koj ua tib zoo txoj kev ua tus xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj kom dhau lub sij hawm luag tsom xam thiab npaj lub cev rau tus me nyuam, koj muaj peev xwm zoo heev txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem thiab los tiv thaiv cov me nyuam los ntawm txaus ntshai kab mob. Koj - niam txiv, koj txiav txim siab.