Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Tus qauv ntawm lub lipid. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov lipids
Sibhawm - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb organic tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm tag nrho cov nyob yam. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lipids. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab nyob rau hauv muaj nuj nqi.
Tus qauv ntawm lub lipid (txog biology)
Lipid - ib tug complex organic tshuaj compound. Nws muaj ob peb yam. Cia saib cov qauv ntawm cov lipids rau ntau yam.
yooj yim lipids
Qauv lipids ntawm no pab pawg neeg muab ob lub Cheebtsam: cawv thiab fatty acids. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm xws tshuaj muaj xws li tsuas yog peb hais: Carbon, Hydrogen thiab cov pa.
Ntau yooj yim lipids
Lawv muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Alkilatsilaty (waxes). Nws esters siab fatty acids nrog mono- los yog dihydric alcohols.
- Triacylglycerols (nqaijrog thiab roj). Tus qauv ntawm lipids ntawm no hom muab cov muaj nyob rau hauv glycerol (trihydric cawv) thiab seem ntawm ntau dua fatty acids.
- Ceramides. Esters ntawm sphingosine thiab fatty acids.
complex lipids
Tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg tsis muaj peb hais. Dhau li no, lawv muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv cuab feem ntau ntawm Sulfur, Nitrogen thiab phosphorus.
Ib suam ntawm complex lipids
Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Phospholipids. Tus qauv ntawm lub lipid pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus residues ntawm polyhydric alcohols thiab ntau dua fatty acids, lub xub ntiag ntawm seem ntawm phosphoric acid, uas yog txuas ntxiv tej pawg sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab.
- Glycolipids. Cov no yog cov tshuaj ua los ntawm cov ua ke ntawm lipids thiab carbohydrates.
- Sphingolipids. Qhov no aliphatic aminoalcohols.
Thawj ob hom ntawm lipids, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg.
Yog li, hom phospholipids yuav xav tias phosphoglycerolipids (muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg glycerol, seem ntawm ob fatty acids, phosphoric acid thiab alkanol amine), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv unsaturated monohydric dua cawv phosphoric acid thiab alkanol amine), thiab sphingomyelins (cov tshuaj uas muaj xws li ntawm sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphoric acid thiab choline aminoalcohol).
Lub hom glycolipids yog cerebrosides (tsuas yog sphingosine thiab ib tug fatty acid uas muaj galactose los yog piam thaj), gangliosides (muaj cov oligosaccharide ntawm lub hexose thiab sialic acids) thiab sulfatides (txuas mus rau cov hexose sulfuric acid).
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lipids nyob rau hauv lub cev
Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lipids txuas. Vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov molecules yog tam sim no ib txhij ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab nonpolar yam ntxwv thooj, cov tshuaj yuav ua nyob rau hauv cov interface.
Lipids muaj yim yooj yim zog:
- Zog. Vim lub oxidation ntawm cov tshuaj rau hauv lub cev tau txais ntau tshaj li 30 feem pua ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau rau nws.
- Qauv. Nta lipid lug tso cai rau lawv mus yuav ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov neeg zoo li. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm daim nyias nyias meem hauv lub ntau yam lub cev tsim tau ib daim nyias nyias ntawm cov hlab ntaub so ntswg.
- Tshuag li. Cov tshuaj yog fatty acid daim ntawv savings kab mob.
- Antiokisdantnaya. lipid qauv tso cai rau lawv ua xws li ib tug luag hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cev.
- Ntxawg. Ib txhia lipids yog kev sib kho ntawm cov tshuaj hormones rau hauv lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov lipids raug tsim cov tshuaj hormones thiab tshuaj uas kov immunogenez.
- Tiv. Subcutaneous roj txheej muab thermal thiab txhua yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tsiaj. Raws li rau cov nroj tsuag, ces tus ciab ntaub ntawv ib tug tiv plhaub rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Lipids gangliosides muab cov neeg ntawm lub hlwb.
- Digestive. Lipid cholesterol los ntawm txoj kev ua cov kua tsib acids muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom.
Lub synthesis ntawm lipids nyob rau hauv lub cev
Feem ntau cov tebchaw ntawm no lub hoob no yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub cell ntawm tib starting khoom - acetic acid. Tswj roj metabolism cov tshuaj hormones xws li insulin, adrenaline thiab pituitary cov tshuaj hormones.
Muaj kuj lipids uas lub cev tsis tau tsim nws tus kheej. Lawv yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus tib neeg lub cev nrog cov zaub mov. Lawv muaj mas nyob rau hauv zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab, neeg rau, nplej, paj noob hlis thiab txiv roj roj thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm.
Lipids, vitamins
Ib txhia vitamins nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj xwm yog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm lipids. Cov no yog cov vitamins A, D, E thiab K. Lawv yuav tsum tau noj cov zaub mov.
| vitamin | zog | Lub manifestation ntawm ib tug tsis muaj | qhov chaw |
| Vitamin A (Retinol) | Koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub rhodopsin - nrig txog kev pom xim. | Dryness thiab khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsis hnov lub zeem muag nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag teeb. | Siab, spinach, carrots, zaub txhwb qaib, liab kua txob, apricots. |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Kev koom nyob rau hauv poov hlau metabolism. Activates cov proteins lub luag hauj lwm rau cov ntshav coagulation, yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg. | Ossification ntawm cov pob txha mos, ntshav txhaws, ntsev deposits rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov pob txha deformation. Vitamin K deficiency yog tsawg kawg. | Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv lub nplooj ntawm zaub xas lav, nettle, spinach, zaub qhwv. |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) | Koom nyob rau hauv poov hlau metabolism, pob txha tsim thiab hniav enamel. | rickets | Blue siab roj, nkaub qe, mis nyuj, butter. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm raug ultraviolet tawg. |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | Nws nkoos lub cev. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg lwm. Nws tiv thaiv cov cell week los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. | Ua lub permeability ntawm cell week, txo ntawm kev tiv thaiv. | Zaub thiab zaub roj. |
Ntawm no yog peb soj ntsuam cov qauv thiab cov thaj chaw ntawm lipids. Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi yog cov tshuaj, dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau pawg, lub luag hauj lwm lipids ua nyob rau hauv tib neeg.
xaus
Lipids - complex organic tshuaj, uas yog muab faib ua tej yam yooj yim thiab complex. Lawv ua tau nyob rau hauv lub cev yim zog: lub zog yog muab, yam ntxwv, antioxidant, kev tiv thaiv, ntxawg, digestive thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov lipids, vitamins. Lawv ua tau ntau yam kev lom zog.
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