Turkish rog: tus naj npawb ntawm ships, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab Modernization

Thaum nws raug tua los ntawm cov Turkish Cua Dag Zog Yuam Lavxias teb sab Su-24 nyob rau hauv lub Syrian ntuj, txaus ntshai hysteria tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Cov lus teb yog txaus, thiab hu Qaib ntxhw mus dab tsi thiab thov txim tam sim ntawd, tab sis ua tsis tau tejyam txawv nkaus tsov rog - economic. Tiam sis yog tias Russia txiav txim siab los "saber" riam phom, seb nws yuav cia siab rau kev vam meej nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog rau daim av thiab nyob hiav txwv? Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav sib tham txog tus txheej xwm ntawm cov rog ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, thiab ua comparative yam ntxwv. Yog nws tau ua tub rog confrontation nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws? Lo lus nug no muaj ntau yam kws txawj yog tam sim no tham txog.

Modernization

Turkish rog yog hloov sai heev, tig los ntawm collapsing sib sau ua ke ntawm ships nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum quab yuam, muaj peev xwm mus qhia lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm tus Bosporus thiab cov Dardanelles. Ships, rau feem ntau feem, txawv teb chaws thiab niaj hnub, tab sis ntau thiab ntau ntau - lub brainchild ntawm nws tus kheej Shipyards. Qhov no tsis yog yuav tsum muaj lub dag lub zog ntawm lub Turkish tub rog, tsis yog tus loj tshaj, tsis yog lub richest, tab sis lub Turks ntse ntsuav tswj tag nrho cov kev pab thiab ua tib zoo nqa tawm lub pov thawj kev ntsuam xyuas.

Zoo designers, niaj hnub Shipyards - yog ib tug guarantee ntawm cov nqi thaum tag nrho Modernization ntawm cov rog ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej npaj mus rau lub Turkish hais kom ua txawj tej yam ntxiv los yog hloov cov feem ntau ntawm tej nkoj nquam thiab ships. Turkish rog Modernization kev pab cuam yog ua kom maj mam thiab thaum kawg muab tau cov rejection uas txawv teb chaws nkoj systems. Twb, tej yaam num yog co-operative, nyob rau hauv nrog txawv teb chaws Shipyards: cov hmoov txhuas lub nkoj ua ke txawv teb chaws, tus so ntawm daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Txij li thaum kev tsim kho no mas yuav kis kev txawj nce sophisticated ships.

Yog vim li cas Modernization

Lub shipbuilding kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog zoo tsim txawm tam sim no: hais txog plaub caug niaj hnub Shipyards yog ua hauj lwm tsis tsuas yog nyob rau nws tus kheej ua lag luam fleet - loj txaus, piv rau lub Turkish rog - tab sis kuj lub tsev ships rau export. Nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv kev lag luam department tshaj tawm ib tug kev sib tw nyob rau hauv uas winners yuav tsuas yog plaub Shipyards, uas yuav nqa tawm kev tsim kho ntawm ships rau lub Navy. Qaib ntxhw pom tau tias qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug muaj zog rog, raws li pom ib tug kev hem thawj tsis tau tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv cov av, tab sis lub hiav txwv ciam teb rau lwm.

Thawj Turkish ntshai - nws yog Russia uas restores tus kheej ntawm lub hwj, thiab cov nyob ze sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv tus kheej nyiam. Qhov no teeb meem nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, thiab lub historic confrontation ntawm cov sab hnub poob thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj - tag unpredictable Iran. Thiab muab hais tias cuaj caum feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws trade volume ntawm lub teb chaws siv maritime thauj, nws yog ua tau kom to taub yog vim li cas lub Turkish rog ships yuav tsum tau los mus tiv thaiv. Muaj zog fleet kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm navigation thiab muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm cov kev muab ciam teb kev ruaj ntseg, uas ua rau li tsuas yog 8.300 ntawm coastline ntxiv Islands tuaj rau ntawm lub Aegean.

qauv

Turkish rog muaj hnub no tsib caug-tsib txhiab tus neeg. Thaum cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub nto fleet - kaum cuaj saib xyuas cov hlab ntsha, thiab nrog lawv frigates los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees (Meko 200) thiab cov US (Oliver ruaj Perry thiab Knox), rau Fabkis corvettes. Tsis tas li ntawd nees nkaum-tsib rockets thiab dozens ntawm saib xyuas tej nkoj nquam yuav muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nqaum hauj lwm. Kuv-sweeping ships feem ntau yuav dua nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lub tebchaws United States.

Ntawm no amphibious ships yog obsolete, tab sis lawv cov me ntsis. Submarines tab sis kaum plaub, thiab tag nrho cov German. Number of Turkish rog ships, raws li peb pom, heev impressive. Thoob plaws hauv lub fleet tam sim no kev standardization ntawm riam phom, xyuas cov kev tswj lub cev thiab tus so ntawm lub nkoj khoom.

weaponry

Nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej qaib ntxhw yuav pib mus tsim lawv tus kheej, tsis kev pab los ntawm txawv teb chaws powers. Qhov no kev sib ntaus los system, thiab hnyav torpedoes thiab sonar rau submarines. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ntau ntau lub Modernization ntawm lub Turkish Navy kom txog thaum nyob rau txawv teb chaws patrnorov, tam sim no feem ntau muab Turkish rog ua tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Lavxias teb sab Dub hiav txwv fleet tau yeej tsis teem nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm ntawm competing nyob rau hauv tonnage nrog lub ze tshaj cov neeg nyob ze thoob plaws lub hiav txwv, tab sis ua raws nws ua hauj lwm txawm ib ua hauj lwm-xaiv yaam kev faib ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy, Kojima thiab BSF yog yeej tau thiab cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv no ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog heev muab. BSF muaj nyob rau hauv nws pov tseg nto ships kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv chaw, marine fighter, anti-submarine thiab missile-nqa aircraft, diesel submarines, raws li zoo raws li ib feem ntawm lub chaw ntug hiav pab tub rog.

Lavxias teb sab Dub hiav txwv Fleet

Lub flagship ntawm lub fleet yog missile cruiser "Moskva" (Project 1164), missile tej yam nrog antiship complex "Roob hluav taws" ( "Basalt"). Lub cuaj luaj muaj ib tug supersonic ceev thiab ntaus lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv kiag li nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam. Antiaircraft "Moscow" muaj nuj nqi kuj ua tag nrho, raws li cov complex "Fort" - zoo C-300, thiab xws li launchers - yim, ces, lawv yuav muab rau caum plaub yeej ntawm lub hom phaj ib txhij. Thiab thaum lub "Moscow" pib tswj cov huab cua nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Mediterranean nyob rau hauv Syria tom qab qhov teeb meem nrog peb cov Su-24 Turkish tub rog aircraft flights muaj nres tam sim ntawd thiab tag.

Cov feem ntau tsim kev sib ntaus los units BSF - missile tej nkoj nquam "sandstorm", uas muaj tsis muaj analogues tsis nyob rau hauv tib naval rog ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv phiab lub teb chaws. Ib tug tseem cim ntawm cov tej nkoj nquam shock tej zaum thiab maneuverability, uas yog vim li cas lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua lub dag lub zog ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv. Ceev sai heev, nrog haib riam phom ntawm lub yim anti-nkoj missiles, anti-aircraft thiab artillery systems ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov missile tej nkoj nquam yam xyuam xim muab cov tswj lub maritime tsam.

submarines

Cov Dub hiav txwv Lavxias teb sab submarine rog kuj nyuam qhuav seemed yug anew. Project 636 submarines yog cov feem ntau inconspicuous - "dej hiav txwv dub qhov" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov kws txawj los ntawm NATO. Lawv muab nyob rau hauv nrog lub ntuj hiav txwv tom qab thiab ntaus lub hom phaj ntawm cov ntau yam, uas tsis pub cov yeeb ncuab mus ntes, nrog tus nyob deb li tshaj no nrhiav kom tau ob peb lub sij hawm.

Thiab tsuas yog tus tshiab submarines ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv tsawg kawg yog plaub. Nyob rau hauv submarines ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ( "Warszawianka") haib riam phom - rau poob lawm ntawm kaum yim los yog nees nkaum plaub torpedoes, mines, raws li zoo raws li cruise cuaj luaj "Calibre", uas txav thiab av lub hom phaj, raws li pom nyob rau hauv lub Syrian ua hauj lwm. Tshiab nyob rau Dub hiav txwv Fleet thiab naval aviation, sau nrog tshiab Su-30cm, thiab los mus piav qhia cov sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm no tshuab yog tsis txaus ntawm ib tug loj heev arsenal ntawm cov lo lus qhuas. Tag nrho cov saum toj no qhia tau tias cov projections ntawm qhov fab ntxeev ntawm cov rog ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Russia cov kev sib piv no kom meej meej nyob rau hauv peb haum.

Floating "thib ob-tes" yog tshiab

Qaib ntxhw yog zoo paub hais tias qhov teeb meem no rau hauv lub maritime ciam teb rau lwm yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau, tab sis vim hais tias muaj muaj ntev thiab rau siab ua kom tsim kiag tus kheej warship, txawm yog hais tias tus tsim borrowed los ntawm cov Germans, thiab riam phom los ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas. Tab sis tus tshiab Corvettes ntawm Turkish Shipyards yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, npaj txawm ib tug txhob txwm Turkish-ua destroyer, nrog rau cov possibilities ntawm European los yog American theem. Txawm muaj ib tug hais lus txog kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug tsaws nyoob hoom qav taub nqa, zoo li "Mistral".

Qhov ntawd yog qhov mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub Turkish sab tseem combative thiab ntxiv dag zog rau Russia tus Dub hiav txwv Fleet Turkish coj noj coj ua yog heev annoying. Qhov ntau li vim hais tias muaj li ntawd, nws tus kheej-txaus pab pawg neeg uas npog tag nrho cov pas dej ua ke ntawm Dub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv Crimea. Ntau ntau muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj uas lub Lavxias teb sab squadron hais thiab lub hiav txwv Mediterranean. Thuam Qaib ntxhw, vim hais tias heev nyuam qhuav lawv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no cov lusteb.

vulnerabilities

Niaj hnub no Qaib ntxhw yog nyob rau txawv nrog luag tag nrho nws cov neeg nyob ze, txawm neeg Ixayees tau ceased mus yuav ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum lub teb chaws tus kev sib raug zoo nrog Syria pib. Thiab tensions nrog Russia - qhov no yog feem ntau cov unpredictable yam. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas Qaib ntxhw yuav coj nyob rau hauv no hwm - mus ua phooj ywg tiv thaiv Russia thiab Ukraine, tab sis txoj kev nplij siab yog tsis muaj leej twg yuav siv sij hawm, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - lub Turkish rog.

Lavxias teb sab-Turkish teeb meem tau tsim heev sai sai, tab sis ntau sai sai tau extinguished - thiab tsis muaj tub rog tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los, forecasts zoo kawg cov txheej xwm twb tau ua: tus Straits blockade, thaiv cov hlab cov Lavxias teb sab fleet ntawm ntug dej hiav Syria, raws li pom nyob rau hauv lub Turkish tub rog ce nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm Marmara, thiab tom qab lub nomination ntawm submarines nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov cruiser "Moskva", tau tsa tensions nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws yuav luag mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws. Koj muaj peev xwm tsom xam cov tsis ntev los no tus cwj pwm ntawm tus Turkish Navy, Diam duab-cov ntaub ntawv yog txaus dav.

kev cai lij choj txoj cai

Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog tias cov overlap straits Qaib ntxhw twb tsis muaj txoj cai mus raws li thaum ntxov raws li 1936, ratified convention los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov tib Qaib Cov Txwv. Sovereignty tshaj lub straits ntawm lub Dardanelles thiab lub Bosphorus tsis entitle tsis muaj ib tug tshaj tawm ua tsov ua rog los thaiv lub zog ntawm fleets ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.