"Tub Ceev Xwm State": Yuav Russia poob nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais no

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub hais tias nws yog tau hu mus rau tus tswj hom tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation txij li thaum ncaim ntawm Yeltsin txoj cai, cov tub ceev xwm, peb yuav ua tiag objectively txhais li cas ib tug tub ceev xwm lub xeev, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb nta ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv yog tsim los pab thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj mas, yuav ua li cas lawv tswj kom ciaj sia rau ntev ua luaj li.

Hauj lwm ntawm cov regimes nyob rau hauv lub XVIII-XIX centuries. Lub thiaj li hu ua lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas lub teb chaws lub levers twb nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb, uas siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev cai lij choj ceev xwm koom haum (tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas lawv yog hu ua: tub ceev xwm, kev pab, lub carabinieri los yog tub ceev xwm) kom tswj ntawm tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim, muaj ib tug tub ceev xwm lub xeev? Keeb kwm piv txwv qhia hais tias nws yog tsim ib tug heev paaj ib puag ncig ntawm kev anarchy thiab chaos. "Tsov rog ntawm tag nrho cov tiv thaiv tag nrho cov" ua rau catastrophic delamination ntawm haiv neeg. Cov neeg uas tsis tau "catch ntses nyob rau hauv troubled dej", pib nostalgia rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev kaj siab, thiab kom ntev rau ib tug "muaj zog txhais tes". Thaum no tus taw tes nag hmo mobsters / racketeers thiab tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv cov lus hais tias ntawm "stability thiab kev txiav txim." Tej nqe lus no yog feem ntau nyiam rau qhov feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem.

Tub ceev xwm lub xeev tej zaum yuav tshaj tawm kev hwm rau tib neeg cov cai thiab kev ywj pheej ywj siab. Qhia, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub rhetoric ntawm lub rulers yog cov lus ntawm ib tug "nyuaj los txiav txim", "kev qhuab qhia" thiab "ib tug ntshiab saw uas hais kom ua." Laj laj "lawlessness", lub tuam txhab pom zoo. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab lwm yam kev cai lij choj ceev xwm lub koom haum nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no mas tseem ceeb heev: tom qab tag nrho cov, leej twg "rein" armed bandits yog tsis yog tus neeg nyob rau hauv uas nws txoj hauj lwm muaj xws li cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kev cai lij choj? Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm, nruj tswj npog tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm pej xeem lub neej.

Ntshaw stability yog tsis los. Qhov no txhaum, ntawm chav kawm, lwm cov tsiaj "uas yog sim kom coj peb mus rau peb lub hauv caug," raws li tau zoo raws li "wreckers, saboteurs," sawv los ntawm lub sab hauv. State tub ceev xwm hu rau cov pej xeem yuav tsum tau vigilant thiab tag nrho kev koom tes nrog cov kev ruaj ntseg cov tub ceev xwm. Peb yuav nco qab nyob rau hauv no hais txog cov kab lus Lavxias teb sab huab tais Nicholas kuv: «kiv puag ncig - on Russia lub doorstep, tab sis kuv yuav tsis cia nws los hauv tsev." Ib yam li ntawd, Vladimir Putin hais txog cov txiv kab ntxwv kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub classical lub xeev, nyob qhov twg "kav lub roost" hwj chim lug, yog Spain Franco era, Chile nyob rau hauv Pinochet fifth, "Kemalism" tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Lub fact tias qhov no daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv yog pom zoo rau pej xeem zej zog, muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg. Ntau txaus nyiam qhov no zoo ntawm lub teb chaws yuav tsis ua tej yam kev cog lus rau kev cai ywj pheej slogans los yog flirtatious tshiab daim ntawv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tau ntxim hlub cov poj niam). Rau cov "stability" ntawm cov pejxeem them ib tug heev tus nqi: lub xeev lug nruj nreem tswj nom tswv thiab kev lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, cov kev cai yog txhais heev dawb do, tsim ib tug yooj yim zog tswj kev xyaum ntawm cov judiciary, emasculated pliaj xov xwm thiab suppressed txheem.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi hnub no txoj kev Russia? Tub ceev xwm lub xeev, authoritarianism, oligarchy los yog ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv nruab nrab? Cov feem ntau cov tawm nrws ntawm tub ceev xwm regimes qhia tias tag nrho cov hwj chim ntawm lub hwj chim tsev tau raug tsim los tiv thaiv qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb (raws li ib tug txoj cai, ua lag luam, loj monopolies, tej zaum hauv nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv). Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav xav tias zoo nyob heev, thiab rau nws kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau hauv Russia, txoj hmoo ntawm Khodorkovsky thiab Lebedev tsom cov hoob kawm ntawd ua tswv cuab yog tsis yog ib tug "txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv" tiv thaiv reprisals. Feem ntau cov yuav, peb yuav soj ntsuam no nrog rau oligarchy, uas eliminates lub competitor los ntawm nws txoj kev los yog objectionable neeg ob txhais tes ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov koom haum.