Tsawg-zog lub tsev. Passive tsev: tsim, siv thiab nta

Ib tug passive tsev yog lub zog efficiency cov qauv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, uas tso cai rau lub yig thiab environmentally phooj ywg, yuav ua yam tsawg kawg nkaus kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig, kom muaj ib tug xis nyob. Tau ntawm tshav kub zog nws yog li ntawd me me tias tog twg los yuav tsis muaj rau nruab ib daim cua kub system los yog nws lub hwj chim thiab loj me me.

zog efficiency txheem

Zog noj rau cua sov ntawm lub tsev rau cov xyoo no yog tsawg tshaj li 15 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam. Zog noj rau cua sov, dej kub thiab hluav taws xob lub zog-npaum tsev yog tsis ntau tshaj 120 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam.

Yog hais tias peb los sib piv kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog noj rau cua sov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev cai rau thermal kev tiv thaiv thiab lub zog txuag 2002 (WSchVO thiab EnEV 2002), nws yuav pom ib tug tib neeg nyiam kom txo tau rau cua sov tsev. Tsis ntev los no txiav txim nrog EnEV, regulating thermal tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws koom pheej uas Yelemees, tus nqi them ntawm txhua xyoo lub zog tau rau cua sov ntawm cov tshiab thiab rehabilitated lub tsev nyob ntawm 30 mus rau 70 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam.

Kev sib piv, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation tsim tus nqi ntawm txhua xyoo lub zog tau rau cua sov rau Moscow los ntawm 95 mus 195 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam. Actual noj heev tshaj cov qauv no.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub zog-npaum tsev

Ecodom muaj cov nram qab zoo:

• Comfort. Nws muab lossi muaj ib tug qab ntxiag nyab xeeb, huv si thiab cua tshwj xeeb engineering system. Passive tsev li ua rau sib npaug chav tsev kub tswj.
• Zog txuag. Yog hais tias peb los sib piv ib pa tsev thiab passive tsev, lub tom kawg muaj ib tug ntau tshaj li kaum-fold yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv tshav kub noj rau cua sov xav tau kev pab.
• kev pab kho mob. Thaum lub tsev yog passive, thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo tag nrho thaj chaw yog tsis tu ncua nkag nrog huab cua ntshiab, tsis muaj drafts, noo noo, thiab muaj yog tsis muaj pwm.
• Economy. Yog hais tias lub tsev yog passive, lub operating nqi ntawm nws lub zog mov tseem tsawg txawm nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm lub zog.
• Kev tu rau cov ib puag ncig. Thaum lub tsev yog passive, siv zog npaum technologies tsub kom theem ntawm ib puag ncig tiv thaiv.

zog tshuav nyiaj li cas

Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog npaum lub vaj lub tsev yog lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cua poob los yog kis tau tus mob thiab tau txais daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub ntawm cov hnub ci zog, nrog tshav kub qhov chaw thiab cua sov. Rau qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm cheebtsam tseem ceeb xws li cov pom rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub rhuab volume, compact vaj tse, rau kev siv ntawm ib tug passive tshav kub tswv yim los ntawm tshav ntuj los ntawm lub orientation ntawm feem ntau cov ntxaij vab tshaus (mus txog 2/5 square facade) rau sab qab teb, muaj ib tug siab tev taus ntawm 30 ° thiab vim cov tsis muaj shading. Nws yog ib nqi kuj yuav siv koj tsev neeg cov khoom siv nrog lub siab muaj zog. Nws tseem yog lub cua sov dej siv ib tug kub twj tso kua mis los yog ib tug hnub ci collector, ib tug passive cua kub av huab cua kub exchanger. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub zoo meej passive tsev - ib lub tsev uas tsis muaj tshav kub-thermos.

Passive tsev technology

Yuav ua li cas yuav no tshwm sim tau tiav? Passive tsev txheem yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsib qhov chaw:

• Thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Rho tawm txheej feem, tshwj xeeb kaum, pob tw thiab kev hloov cov pob qij txha thiab cov kev sib tshuam yuav tsum xws li tias lub tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev coefficient yog tsawg tshaj li 0.15 W / m ² · K.
• Qhaj ntawv ntawm thermal choj. Nws yog ntshaw kom tsis txhob inclusions ntawm kev tshav kub. Tshwj xeeb cov kev pab cuam rau xam kub teb yuav paub thiab qhia tau kom tsom xam dysfunctional qhov chaw fencing lug ntawm vaj tse thiab lawv tom ntej optimization.
• Ntawv pov thawj rau passive eco npaum qhov rais. Ob chav uas tsis muaj emissivity glazing uas muaj inert roj, yog pom rau tej tsev. Qualified installation ntawm qhov rais designs.
• Neeg kho tshuab cua kub rov qab (tsis tsawg tshaj li 75%) thiab kaw puab lub hnab ntawv. Identification thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov txia ensured los ntawm cia li kev soj ntsuam ntawm huab cua permeability ntawm vaj tse. Comfort cua, tshuaj los ntawm tus neeg siv. Installation ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshav kub exchanger.

Tsim nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug passive tsev txuj no yog siv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsim thiab kev siv ntawm lub zog npaum vaj tse yog xwb nyob rau hauv nws kiag.

Tsev uas hais tias tau uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub zog efficiency cov qauv no tsis tau, tab sis twb muaj ib tug qauv ze rau tus txheej txheem. Lawv embody lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, hais, txoj kev xam xyuas zog-npaum tsev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xav txog lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsim vaj tse faib ntawm lub zog efficiency:

• Passive tsev - cua kub kov tsawg tshaj li 15, tag nrho cov zog noj rau lub xyoo - tsis ntau tshaj 120 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev CHEEB TSAM;
• tsev ultra-tsawg noj - txhua xyoo lub zog tau rau cua sov - 16-35, thiab tag nrho cov zog noj rau lub xyoo - tsawg tshaj li 180 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam;
• lub tsev nrog cov uas tsis muaj zog noj - cov qauv nrog lub xyoo lub zog tau rau cua sov xav tau kev pab - 36-50, thiab tag nrho cov txhua xyoo lub zog tau - tsawg tshaj li 260 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Mid-90s ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tau cim los ntawm ib lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv Darmstadt, lub teb chaws Yelemees, ib tug koom tes "passive tsev". Architects Vestermauer thiab Bott, Ridder coj los Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny tsim lub tsev, uas tau los ua tus tsab rau tag nrho cov tom ntej lub zog-txuag tsev. Passive tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv 1991 nrog kev koom tes ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm Hessen. Ib xyoos ib zaug tau ntawm cov vaj tse rau cua sov - tsawg tshaj li 1 liter ntawm roj ib chav tsev cheeb tsam.

tsim nta

Designing ntawm passive tsev kom tiav los ntawm cov hauv qab no tsim kev daws teeb meem.

Cov txheej phab ntsa ntawm silicate bricks 175 hli tuab txheej ntawm insulated Styrofoam 275 hli, hauv tas gypsum plaster thickness ntawm 15 hli thiab peb txheej wallpaper tom painting.

Ru tsev them nrog humus, lim txheej, chipboard 50 hli tuab, siv tam nrog ntoo kab teeb, kaw nrog polyethylene zaj duab xis, yog insulated nrog ib tug txheej ntawm mineral wool 445 hli tuab, peb-ply tas plasterboard thiab wallpaper tom painting.

Overlapping qab daus qhob 160 hli, 250 hli insulated polystyrene phiaj, rwb thaiv tsev 40 mm, 50 mm thiab Screed mus txog 15 hli parquet.

Qhov rai panes nrog peb, ob-txoj kev uas tsis muaj-emissivity txheej, Krypton puv lag. Ntoo ncej nrog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rwb thaiv tsev.

Thaum tshav kub kub rov qab los siv counterflow tshav kub exchanger nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub tsev. Thawj DC motors tau siv nrog ib tug hluav taws xob mus.

Dej kub yog muab pav ca lub tshuab nqus tsev lolus cheeb tsam ntawm 5.3 sq. 'meter' ib pav ca (66% muab DHW cai) thiab compact phab ntsa mounted hws boiler nrog natural gas. DHW kav pw nyob rau hauv lub insulating txheej thiab cov zoo raug rho tawm.

Control ntsuam

Thaum kawm tiav ntawm kev tsim kho thiab commissioning ntawm lub tsev twb tau los ntawm daim tshev ntsuam ntawm huab cua khiav, siab xeem, yooj yim ntsuam ntawm kub thiab lub hwj chim noj. Lawv paub tseeb hais tias qhov kev kawm ntawm lub hom phiaj.

Ib xyoos ib zaug noj ntawm thermal zog rau cua sov nyob rau hauv 1991-1992 yog sib npaug zos rau 19.8 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam, uas lees paub rau 8% ntawm cov tau ntawm zoo tib yam tsev nyob qhov. Nyob rau hauv 1992-1993, txhua xyoo noj tau poob mus rau 11.8 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam (5.5% ntawm lub noj ntawm flats, noj rau kev sib piv). Tom qab ntawd, kev noj poob mus rau tsawg tshaj li 10 kilomatt-teev ib chav tsev cheeb tsam ib xyoo.

Nuj nqis thiaj li me me hais tias lawv ua hauj lwm rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm misinterpreted. Tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv cov nqi zog, yog 90%, twb tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm high-kev ua tau zoo neeg electronics.

Lub German kev twb borrowed los ntawm Finnish architects thiab architects los ntawm lwm yam European lub teb chaws. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub ntiaj teb no tau ua ntau tshaj li 40,000 passive eco-tsev.

Passive tsev siv nyob rau hauv Russia

ob peb khoom siv yooj yim qauv uas passive tsev yog ua los siv tau ua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod thiab Yekaterinburg. Tej yaam num ib co kev uas yuav tau los sib tham tom qab.

Peb tes num nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Moscow

Ntawm cov neeg vaj tse nrog tsis muaj zog noj tej yaam num muaj xws li "Active tsev" nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam, uas kuj passively sov.

Active tsev yog ib lub tsev nrog ib tug txawv theem ntawm lub zog efficiency, tab sis nrog ntau dua cov kev nplij siab, kho kom zoo nrog ib tug tsis siv neeg nyab xeeb kev tswj system ntawm lub tsev "ntse lub tsev", siv zog tauj dua tshiab qhov chaw thiab tej kev dawb huv.

Peb tes num twb tiav nyob rau hauv 2011. Nruab nrab yog ib payment 5 inhabitants qauv cheeb tsam 229 square meters, lub ob plag tsev, tus ncej ua los ntawm cov ntoo, insulated nrog slabs ntawm mineral wool ISOVER, dormers VELUX, tuab txheej fencing lug 550-650 hli, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj ntawm lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa 12, ib tug hauv pem teb 14 (m ² · ° C) / Watt. Cua npaum li cas - 0.4 lub sij hawm ib teev. zog noj yog tsuas yog rau cov cua kub thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo yog 38, thiab tag nrho lub zog noj - 110 kWh ib chav tsev cheeb tsam ib xyoo.

Peb tes num nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod

Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm ib qhov project uas lub ultra-tsawg tshav kub noj rau cua sov eco-tsev yog nyob ze rau Nizhny Novgorod, ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 2012.

Lub ob-zaj dabneeg tsev cheeb tsam ntawm 141 square meters. 'meter', payment rau plaub neeg, yog ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntoo ncej, cais slabs ntawm mineral wool ISOVER, ib lub qhov rais profile REHAU GENEO, peb tsom-iav, Thaum tshav kub kub kis tau tus mob kuj, 8.7 cov phab ntsa, ru tsev 12,8, 8.9 m nrog txiv neej pw ² · ° C / Watt. Applied Zehnder cua system nrog tshav kub rov qab efficiency ntawm 84% thiab cua hloov tus nqi ntawm 0.3 lub sij hawm ib teev. Ib xyoos ib zaug rau cua sov zog noj yog 33 kWh ib chav tsev cheeb tsam.

Huav - tus yeeb ncuab ntawm efficiency

Los ntawm cov heev pib lub tswv yim ntawm passive eco assumed tias tus nqi ntawm xws tsev yuav sib npaug los yog ntau me ntsis kim tshaj tus nqi ntawm ib txwm. Tsab cai idea qab no yog mus rau tus nqi qis ntawm kev tsim kho, kev pom nqi koj tshuav ntawm tus nqi, zoo thiab ceev ceev rov qab rau cov nqi.

Lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj thiab kev sib tw yog ntsuas tus nqi ntawm kev siv ntawm tej chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov pa tsev. Lub xaav ntawm lub zog-npaum tsev ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov huab hwm coj sector yuav tsis tshwm sim sai sai. Qhov no yuav tsum tau, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev kawm ntawm architects, thiab kuj muaj kev yuav tsum tau cov kev txawj theem builders, kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev zoo siab thiab kev siv technology tshiab theem ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj tej yam ntxwv.

Pawg siv sector nyob rau hauv Russia xav kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov vaj tse vim kev siv ntawm tsawg zoo cov ntaub ntawv thiab semi-txawj ceev zog. Raws li ntev raws li xws li nyiam yog, kev hloov mus rau high-tech zog-npaum kev siv ntawm loj vaj tsev zoo tsis muaj.

Zeem muag nyob rau hauv Russia

Lub tswv yim npaj yuav txo tau ntawm 40% ntawm lub zog noj cov qauv los ntawm 2020, yog npaj tig tom tsim nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm lub zog-txuag technologies. Tej thermal kuj yuav ua rau kom los ntawm 0,52 mus 0.8 m ² · ° C / W, thiab tom qab ntawd - mus 1.0. Siv rov qab nyob rau hauv cua tshuab yuav tsum tau. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pab tau thiab siv txawv teb chaws kev. Los ntawm 2020 nws yuav tsum tsim kho ntawm dozens ntawm passive tsev. Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas nws yuav ua tau ib lub tsim nyog tej yam kev mob: lub sij hawm tau tsim ib tug system ntawm preferential crediting, designers, developers thiab builders kawm tshiab technology. Qhov no yuav tsim ib tug ruaj khov kev ua lag luam thiab cov neeg siv thov.