T-15 - torpedo atomic: yam ntxwv

Los ntawm kawg ntawm 40-ies ntawm lub nuclear kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib impressive tus nqi. Kev pab rau kev ua hauj lwm no yeej tsis khuv xim. Qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau vim cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Nyiv, lub nroog uas tus Americans poob cia li ob lub atomic bombs. Yuav tsum maj nrawm nroos, tsis txhob yuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Japanese.

Nyob rau hauv 1949, thawj lub foob pob raug sim ... thiab ces nws muab tawm hais tias rau tus me nyuam mus rau lub tej zaum tus nrog sib ntaus muaj tsuas uas tsis muaj-speed Tu-4. Tab sis nws twb paub tseeb hais tias qhov no, muab tso rau nws mob me, tsis muaj kev xaiv. Firstly, cov dav hlau yog outdated thiab yuav tsis tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv cov interceptor, uas sawv ntawm US caj npab. Ob, kuv tsis xav kom muab pov rau hauv lub pilots: tom qab txoj hauj lwm lawv muaj ib tug kev xaiv - mus sim thiab bailed tshaj Mexican chaw uas zoo heev.

Qhov no qhov teeb meem no tsis muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub teb chaws yog tsis zoo siab txog nws. Heev heev researches tau launched nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov tsheb xa, nyob rau ib qho ntawm feem impressive muab T-15. Qhov no torpedo, tshwm sim rau nws "ua hauj lwm" yuav nqa rau tag nrho cov sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub teb chaws USA.

Yog vim li cas torpedo?

Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv cov rog ntawm lub USSR nws yog tus tshaj plaws submarines. Twb thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no nws twb tau hais ntau ntau zaus qhov tseeb hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua txhaum los ntawm mus rau lub heev ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb vitally nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tej zaum nuclear tsov rog. Txawm yog hais tias tus neeg Mis Kas twv siv nws cov kev npaj "Dropshot" torpedo T-15 yuav ua tau ib tug zoo riam phom ntawm kev ua pauj.

Tab sis mus ua ib tug txiav txim siab - ib tug, thiab twb paub lawm nws yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim: qhov loj tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla torpedo hlab rau Soviet submarines - 500 mm thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub "tej yam me me" ntawm lub atomic foob pob - tag nrho ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab meters. Yuav ua li cas? Cov neeg tsav nkoj twb xav ua kom torpedo cov tsos ntawm txaus loj, me, tab sis lub nuclear kev lag luam insisted on cov lus rov.

yooj yim developers

Leej twg yog lub taub hau ntawm peb tes num T-15 li cas? Lub torpedo twb npaj siab Alferovym V. I. Nws coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm cov thawj atomic foob pob, yog li ntawd cov kev nws muaj. Nws yog nws leej twg tam sim ntawd tom qab lub xeem "muag" lawv lub zeem muag ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab hais rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug loj torpedo los ntawm "hydrogen" xwb.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Navy ceeb toom ntawm xws li ib tug kev txiav txim siab tsis teem rau ntawm tag nrho cov. Qhov tseeb hais tias Alferov tsis txaus siab rau koob meej ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, vim nws yog nws leej twg pib lub tsim txom ntawm lub Admiral Kuznetsov. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug paradoxical teeb meem no thaum lub nkoj riam phom yog tsim heev dua lwm yam "teb chaws" rog.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov ncaj sau ntawm peb tes num twb zoo-paub academician Sakharov. Super torpedo T-15 (hwj chim ntawm 100 megatons!) Yog yuav tsum tau siv rau cov nres rau ntawm lub US sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv. Nws twb assumed tias cov tawg "huab tais-torpedoes" tshwm sim yoj uas yog ntxuav tam sim ntawd tag nrho cov infrastructure ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, thiab tsis tsuas cov ntug dej hiav txwv, tab sis txawm hais tias uas yog nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm lub teb chaws. Yuav kom qhov no hnub twg, lub torpedo T-15 Sakharov xam tau tias yog cov haib tshaj ntawm cov hoob kawm no ntawm riam phom, txawm yog tias tau txais nws yeej tsis coj.

Kwv yees li ntawm layout

Fleet tshiab riam phom qhia xwb nyob rau hauv 1953, thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj lawv tus kheej zoo siab nrog nws twb tsis tau. Qhov tseeb hais tias submarines uas yuav nqa no hom ntawm torpedo, tag nrho thawj compartment yog muab rau hauv ib tug loj heev tshuab khiav no lub plhaub lawm. Yog li, lub torpedo T-15 - tsuas yog ib tug nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub rooj plaub thaum ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav kawm ntawv submarines yog tsim los thauj ib tug hluas projectile. Yeej muaj tseeb, lub caij nyoog kawg no cov yam ntxwv yog ib yam uas siab them rau cov nqi.

Tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub ntaus ntawv - ntau tshaj 20 meters. Ntawm lwm yam, nws muab ob qhov ntswg torpedo 533 hli npaj rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog li ntawd me ntsis hais tias thaum lub pov tseg ntawm cov neeg coob yuav tau muaj tsuas yog ob tug torpedoes (Tshuag yog tsis).

Npaj specifications T-15

Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog sib txawv T-15 li cas? Lub torpedo yuav ntaus tag nrho nws cov monumental loj. Nws ntev yog 23 meters thiab ib tug luj ntawm mus txog 40 tons. Thiab nyob rau tus luj ntawm lub warhead nws tus kheej muaj plaub tons. Tag nrho cov so - ib tug zoo roj teeb, uas Corporate cov kev pab rau cov kev ceev ntawm kwv yees li 29 pob caus ntawd. Nws twb assumed tias lub Cruising ntau yuav ua tau mus 30 kis lus mev. Dab tsi yog qhov "filling" ntawm lub T-15 li cas? Torpedo feem ntau yuav nqa on board xwb ib tug thermonuclear warhead.

Cov yav tas yog tsim ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib Bureau nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas Haritona Yu. B. undermining yuav tau ua raws li ib tug hu rau fuze thiab los ntawm telemetry. Cov kev xaiv thawj yog pom zoo rau cov neeg mob, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm twb khiav nuclear tsov ua rog, lub nkoj yuav tau pom tus yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug uas yuav hais tias cov torpedo T-15 Sakharov twb tawm ntawm lub torpedo raj, tab sis lub submarine nws tus kheej nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yuav ua kom puas. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov hluav taws kub uas siv ib lub qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau no complex "Tantalum".

Thaum txoj kev tshawb xav yog variance nrog cov xyaum

Lub ntsiab kev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov torpedo cab kuj tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv lig 1953. Los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 1954, nws twb npaj ib yam ua ntej cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm lub submarine, on board uas yuav tsum tau ib tug nuclear torpedo T-15. Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub xyoo nws ntsia thaum xub thawj lom thiab pom zoo ntxiv kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib tham. Tsuas yog ces yuav lub peb tes num tau ua Admiral Kotov, uas thaum lub sij hawm yog tus commander ntawm lub Navy ntawm lub USSR. Nws twb ces nkag tau rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub rooj plaub thiab lwm yam chiefs ntawm cov rog.

Cov kws txawj 'cov lus xaus

Cov tsim ib tug kws muaj txuj pawg neeg, uas yuav tsum kam nrog rau tag nrho feasibility ntawm xws li ib tug project. Tam sim ntawd nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov Navy tsis nyiam cov coj noj coj ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub Soviet nuclear torpedo T-15, tab sis kuj cov yam ntxwv ntawm submarines nqa yuav tsum mus rau deploy xws riam phom. Kws txawj rightly taw tes kom paub tias tus nqi ntawm xws li ib tug missile absurdly siab, nws qhov yuav tsum tau tswj kev sib ntaus los ntawv, thiab ua nws nrog tej qhov ntev torpedoes yuav nyuaj heev.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg coob ntawm tus submarine zoo muab rau hauv ib tug yus tua yus: tus tawg ntawm ib tug xwb peev xwm ntawm 100 megatons, nws, nrog rau cov submarine yuav tau tsuas nraus rau daim, raws li lawv yog los ntawm cov epicenter yuav tau mus rho ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 100 kis lus mev.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, thaum kawg peb txiav txim siab tias cov Soviet T-15 torpedo - lub project yog questionable, thiab nws yog ntau tsim nyog los tsim xws riam phom, uas yuav siv tau los ntawm cov pa 533-hli torpedo hlab. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1955, tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tau ces muab pov tseg ntawm uas kev cheeb tsam. Sheer atomic torpedo T-15 nyob tsuas yog nyob rau daim ntawv.

Uas tuaj hloov cov T-15 li cas?

Nws twb hloov los ntawm ib tug torpedo T-5. Tsis tas li ntawd nuclear, tab sis twb muaj txaus qhov ntev. Txawm li cas los, cov teeb meem developers yuav tsum tau kov yeej heev. Piv txwv li, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis "qhia" cov torpedo tsis tau tawm mus rau lub yam tob. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm mus sib hais sau nws plaub tawm ntawm 15 yuav pib qhov ua kom fuse "lawv tus kheej."

Tsis tas li ntawd, rau lub qub hauj lwm ntawm lub warhead, mas capricious vim lub loj npaum li cas ntawm electronics yuav tsum tau kub nyob rau hauv lub chav 5-20 degrees Celsius. Muab lub fact tias peb cov submarines twb feem ntau tshaj cov Arctic vajvoog, yuav tsum saib hnyav heev.

Dua li no, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1955 tus tshiab xeem warhead torpedoes tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub New ntiaj teb. Peb tag nws mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog 12 meters. Siv attenuated nyiaj, tus muaj peev xwm uas tsis pub tshaj peb kilotons. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias warhead, uas yog nruab nrog "cobalt" torpedo T-15, tsis tau ntsib nyob rau ntawm lub tej yam kev mob. Qhov no yog to taub: lub hwj chim "khoom B", nws yog "gruel", tsis pub dhau 60 megatons. Soj ntsuam xwb ob zaug li haib li engineers thiab cov tub rog tsuas tsis tau twv.

Incidentally, nyob rau hauv lub tsis yog li ntawd nyob deb npaum yav tag los, peb lub teb chaws tau tsim ib tug tshiab ICBM raws li foob pob ua ntxaij "Proton", uas yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj lub hwj chim yog ... 150 megatons. Tab sis txawm qhov project no tsis tau kis rau lub kos duab vim hais tias ntawm nws cov qhov kawg lub dag lub zog. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, tsis muaj ib tug yuav paub meej tias yog tsis muab lub tau ntawm ib tug uncontrolled saw ntawm thermonuclear tshua thaum kuaj riam phom ntawm xws lub hwj chim.

lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas

Lub xeev cov xeem ntawm lub T-15 successor pib nyob rau hauv 1957. Raws li lawv cov kev pab cuam, nws twb npaj peb theem: ib txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv "teb", thiab lub thib ob - ib tug tag nrho-fledged kev sib ntaus los torpedo, tab sis tsis muaj nuclear txuj lom, cov thib peb - ib tug tiag tiag undermining ntawm T-5 nrog ib tug nuclear warhead.

Tag nrho cov kauj ruam tau zoo, tab sis pom ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem, xws li ib tug projectile txawv los ntawm cov hoob kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li ib co teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tswj systems. Dua li no, tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo yog tsis tseem ceeb, los tsim kom tau nuclear torpedoes kev pab cuam thaum kawg twb ntse.

Xaus zaj dabneeg

Lawv riam phom coj nyob rau hauv 1958. Tso tawm lawv limited tsab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Amas-Ata. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1960 lub lawm yog kiag li phased tawm. Muaj ntau ntau yam. Firstly, lub "khiav tawm hauv tsev" txoj kev loj hlob (tsib xyoos) yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov tsav tsheb ua tau zoo uas ho qis dua cov neeg torpedoes, uas twb nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab. Secondly, nws yog nyob rau hauv 1960, lub troops tau txais tshwj xeeb serial 533-hli torpedo, uas yuav tau siv ib nuclear warhead. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm no txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb riam phom ntawm no hom tau phased tawm.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub T-15 torpedo, tus yam ntxwv uas peb tau piav, raws li zoo raws li T-5, muab lub Soviet science ib tug ntau ntawm nqi lus uas tau raug tsis tu ncua siv nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tshwj xeeb cov mos txwv.