Submarine "Northwind": kev piav qhia thiab specifications. Nuclear submarines "Northwind"

Cov thawj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Navy tus xaiv yaam nuclear submarine "Northwind" peb tes num tau txais nyob rau hauv 2013. Lub submarine, uas luam tawm ib tug yees duab domestic thiab txawv teb chaws xov xwm, hu ua lub "Yury Dolgoruky". Nws yog nyob rau lub sij hawm uas tsuas launched rau lub yav dhau los 12 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog thawj cruise nkoj ntawm tib hom, ua nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Russia.

Leej twg yog tus Boreas

Txhais los ntawm cov Greek "Borey" txhais tau tias "sab qaum teb". Tab sis qhov no thaj tswvyim, teb tej hauj lwm cheeb tsam, "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe ntawm lub qhov project yog tsis daig. Txhua submarine ntawm "Borey" peb tes num sawv cev rau lub hwj chim ntawm tus Greek mythological vajtswv tij laug ceeb toom thiab Zephyr, tus tub ntawm Astrea thiab Eos, lub formidable kav ntawm sab qaum teb cua. Sau txog nws nyob rau hauv lub "Iliad" ntawm Homer, nws yog tus nyiam hero ntawm lub masters ntawm ancient Greece, cim nws nyob rau hauv ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab uas tau nqes los rau peb tus kheej lub sij hawm. Powerful, muaj tis, bearded, ntev-haired, nws nyob rau hauv lub "sedmidomnom Grotto" (uas yog heev secretive) thiab tau ua dab tsi nws xav. Thaum nws txiav txim siab mus yuav - nws kidnapped Orifov, tus huab tais tus ntxhais, los ntawm txoj kev. Qhov no yog tom qab reflected nyob rau hauv nws canvases ntau ntxias. Ib tug xav txog tej yam duab ntawm lub deity Boreas (kuj hu ua Zephyr) thiab qhov painting "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav" ntawm Botticelli. Yog lub npe ntawm ib tug nuclear submarine zoo lub luag hauj lwm.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub project

Lub submarine "Northwind" yog Ameslikas tsim kom tau ib hom uas xaiv yaam nuclear nruab nrab - khoom roj missile "Tawv" (P-39UTTH), tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-eighties raws li ib tug counterweight rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas, "Pershing-2". Raws li nws muab tawm tom qab, shipbuilders tau coped nrog neeg ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj rau foob pob ua ntxaij cov txiv neej, uas tag nrho cov mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Thaum kawg ntawm lub "Tawv" peb txiav txim siab los tso tseg rau peb tes num, ib tug tshiab submarine caj npab ua raws li los ntawm ib yam dab tsi lwm tus. Ib tug kev xaiv no yog rau equip nws cruise missiles, tab sis lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci hais rau cov continuation ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov khoom-roj missiles, muaj, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov yav tas los nyob rau hauv lub USSR kua kuaj, ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo. Underwater nkoj nyob rau hauv lub meantime txuas ntxiv mus tsim. Lub teb chaws tau tshaj nyuaj lub sij hawm.

Unfinished Yeltsin era

Peb tes num yeej npaj txhij tom qab lub USSR cev qhuav dej. Tus thawj submarine ntawm "Borey" cov chav kawm ntawv twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1996 thiab los ua ... ib tug tiag tiag ntev-lub sij hawm siv. Ob xyoos tom qab, thaum lub tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug "Barco" los ua khees, npaj txhij-ua blueprints yuav tsum tau muab kho. Cov kev siv ntawm check thiab khaub-ncaws nyias lub cev ntawm cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem thiab tshaj nyiaj txiag ntawd kub ntev li kaum ob xyoos. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2008 yog ib tug tseem ceeb pav tua ya ntawm lub "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", tab sis nws coj ib tug tag nrho tsib-xyoo lub daim ntawv qhia hnub rau thaum xaus ntawm tag ua hauj lwm thiab cov kev hloov ntawm lub nkoj ntawm lub sab qaum teb Fleet ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tiam sis tag nrho cov kev siv zog kom kov yeej lub teeb meem yuav tsum tau ntshai li justified. Submarine "Northwind" muaj cim seaworthy.

Yuav ua li cas yog no nkoj?

Immersion tob - plaub meters (480 nyiaj pab ntau tshaj). Submerged ceev - 29 pob caus ntawd, nto -15 units. Cua ntsawj ntshab (tiav) - .. 24 tons txhua square meter lub cev ua los ntawm high-zog austenitic stainless steel AK-100, koom tes ib tug 40-tuj load. nkoj ntev - 170 meters. Potable dej yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov sab ntawm Desalination nroj tsuag, thiab yog coj los ntawm cov tib cov pa kawm ntawm huab cua yuav tsum tau rau lawv hauv lub tsheb. Nyob rau saum npoo koj yuav tsis sawv rau lub hlis. zoo heev nyob tej yam kev mob ntawm habitability tsim rau cov neeg coob. Nuclear submarine "Northwind" pom thiab hnov txhua yam uas tsiv ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ntau kaum tawm mais ib ncig, muaj ib tug ruaj khov kev twb kev txuas los ntawm coded acoustic raws thiab yeej ib txwm npaj txhij mus nqa tawm kev sib ntaus los missions. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub nkoj, tsis zoo li ntau generic counterparts, xaiv yaam. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, nws yuav tsum tau xa ib tug loj heev nuclear missile strike, ib lub hwj chim uas yog heev txaus mus tig tag nrho cov teb chaws mus rau hauv ib tug lifeless suab puam. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum cruiser nyiag tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub hiav txwv, nyob rau ib qho tsis paub hais tias mus rau ib tug tej zaum yeeb ncuab depths tswj unpredictable rau nws. Ob peb tiv thaiv sib pab them los ntawm ib daim ntaub thaiv ntawm paub tsis meej, zoo li ib tug submarine "Northwind". Specifications daim card, paub txog lawv ib tug heev me ntsis, thiab txawm ces tsuas vim hais tias cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tej kws muaj txuj ci zoo xws li cov theem - hem ib tug ua tau tus tsim txom.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tswv yim missile submarine yog tsis muaj tua tsiaj rau thauj los yog cov tub rog rog hostile fleets. Nws muab xwb nuclear deterrence ntxhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua pauj yog rov.

Hais txog shipbuilding "pub dawb"

Nyiaj txiag teeb meem yuam cov creators ntawm cov thawj nkoj ntawm lub series ( "Yuriya Dolgorukogo") siv rau cov kev siv ntawm cov nqe lus "Cougar" Project 971 submarines (kuj hu ua "Pike-B"). Tus tsim ntawm lub "Aleksandra Nevskogo" zoo xws li cov modules tau borrowed los ntawm lub "Lynx", thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub "Vladimirom Monomahom" - tus "Ak Tuav". Nyob rau hauv lub xovxwm leaked cov ntaub ntawv uas rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab decommissioned nuclear submarines "Barnaul" los ua ib tug zoo ntawm tus neeg uas pub rau cov tshiab ships, yog li muab sawv mus rau tej critics ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv kev lag luam mus rau kos cov lus xaus hais txog cov kev backwardness ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet. Ua phem heev assumption tias cov submarines ntawm Project 955 "Borey" yog tsis lub xeem lo lus nyob rau hauv naval shipbuilding, thiab sau los ntawm theem nrab raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub Cheebtsam, decommissioned submarines. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, daim ntawv thov yog heev haum zoo li hull - heev tiag ntsuas los txo cov ntaub ntawv uas cov nqi. Nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshiab ships yog tsis cuam tshuam.

Reactor thiab propulsion system

Lub plawv ntawm lub submarine - ib tug 190-megawatt chav OK-650V. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm suab uas qhia tej nuclear submarine, xws li twj, coolant siv thiab TGZA (turbo-roj-iav unit). Tus tsim ntawm lub nuclear submarine "Northwind", cov chav nyob yog tib yam li hais tias siv rau hauv tej nkoj nquam ntawm yav tas los series (xws li "Tshauv" peb tes num). Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lub suab nrov theem tseem tib yam - nws tsis vim muaj ntau yam kev tricks. Nws los ua ib tug dav hlau propulsion ntaus ntawv, uas significantly txo tus ntsuas suab, tag nrho cov khoom uas tau txais tshwj xeeb poob siab absorbers. Muaj yog ib qho assumption tias nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb cia, muaj yog disconnection GTZA los ntawm cov kiv cua ncej thiab lub nkoj yog tsav los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj-suab nrov cav. Yam tsawg kawg uas txoj kev daws rau lo lus nug ntawm secrecy "Tshauv".

plaub tiam

Lub submarine "Northwind" - cov plaub tiam ntawm lub nkoj. Nws aim yog los hloov cov submarines ua nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, qhov tseeb ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub ceeb toom rau ib tug peb lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo thiab armed nrog lub hom "Sineva" cuaj luaj kua. Lub laaj ntawm lug nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog justified: submarine yog kim heev thiab muaj ib tug ntev kev pab cuam lub neej thiab xaav ntawm lawv cov tshiab ua qauv maj. Strategic dej hiav txwv muaj nuclear cuaj luaj lub US Navy muaj kwv yees li ntawm hnub nyoog tib yam li lub Lavxias teb sab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum lub sij hawm dhau lub US tau muab preferential xim rau cov creation ntawm multi-purpose submarines ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm txoj kev sib tw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no containment. The pace ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarines tau nce ho nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, txawm hais tias tus Soviet qauv tseem poob luv luv. Yog li, qhov thib ob lub nkoj (thiab peb) Project 955 yog tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab cia li rau xyoo tom qab tso.

acoustic chaw nres tsheb

Tag nrho qhov ntswg ntawm lub submarine "Northwind" yog nyob los ntawm cov rhiab heev kheej kheej kav hlau txais xov sonar system MGK-600B "Irtysh-Amphora". Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas haib tej riam phom giant underwater, nws yuav tau piam tsis muaj tus muaj peev xwm mus objectively ntsuam xyuas cov ib puag ncig nto thiab underwater qhov teeb meem no. Apart ntawm lub niaj zaus kev pab raws qib, muaj raws nyob rau hauv shumopelengovanii, target paub thiab kev sib txuas lus, lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib GAK yuav ntsuas lub thickness ntawm cov dej khov tebchaws torpedoes thiab mines, mus nrhiav tau lub qhov nyob rau hauv cov dej khov nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes thiab muab hais kom ua lub nkoj ib tug ntau ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb cov lus qhia, invaluable nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem no.

foob pob ua ntxaij launchers

Lub submarine "Northwind" muaj ib tug yus silhouette nrog tus haum ntawm chopping influx. Muaj missile launchers, uas yog lub ntsiab riam phom ntawm cov underwater cruiser tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj. Kom txog rau thaum lub caij thaum cov ntaub ntawv twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim possibilities ntawm tus tshiab nkoj, cov tub rog kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias lawv cov twenties. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws tsis yog li ntawd: launchers, kaum, lawv txhua tus - missile "Bulava". tob ultraprecise stabilization system muab txhim khu kev qha pib los ntawm tej kev sib ntaus los kawg.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi nrog cov "Bulava"?

Lub submarine "Northwind" yog tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tus neeg uas hnov txog tus tshiab missile "Bulava". Txij li thaum lub ib hlis ntuj 2013 lub nkoj yog ib feem ntawm lub sab qaum teb Fleet, tab sis yog tseem tsis tau paub tias yuav ua li cas zoo yuav ua tau ib lub tshuab poob rau ntawm lawv. Cov kev hloov mus rau ib tug tshiab hom mos txwv muaj pov thawj ntau nyuab tshaj yav tas los xav. Ua tau, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom-roj cuaj luaj yog raws li nram no:

- ruaj ntseg cia thiab yuav luag tag nrho cais tawm ntawm cov tseem lo start-up;

- ib tug kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi;

- yooj yim pib;

- tsawg lam tau lam ua rau missile tiv thaiv systems.

Txawm li cas los, khoom foob pob ua ntxaij muaj ib tug me me puag ncig ntawm kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov tshaj - nyob rau tib lub loj - uas zoo sib xws kua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej ntawm lawv cov khoom yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm subtleties.

Nyob rau hauv 2013, nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov "Aleksandra Nevskogo" tau tsim los txib "Bulava R-30", twb nyob rau hauv tsis ua hauj lwm. Plhaub poob ob feeb tom qab qhov pib. Ua ntej yuav no qhov teeb meem, lub xeem dhau ntse. Tom qab troubleshooting raws li nram no chiv kuj ua tau tsis poob. tus kheej tej yam kev mob tsis pub ruaj lus xaus txog cov kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ua ntawm submarines "Northwind". TTX missile "Bulava" paub xwb nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, lawv roos ib lub xeev tsis pub leejtwg paub. Tej hauj lwm los txhim kho thiab ua rau kom lub ntseeg tseem.

Lwm yam tej nkoj nquam peb tes num 955

Txhua yam ntawm cov nram no "Borey" submarine launches hom txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los loj hlob zoo tag nrho. Cov hmoov txhuas lub nkoj, "Yury Dolgoruky" txij thaum pib ntawm 2013 yog ntaus nqi mus rau hauv paus ntawm lub Navy Gadzhiyevo (SF). "Alexander Nevsky" - rau tom ntej no submarine - los ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo, tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Pacific Fleet nyob rau hauv Vilyuchinsk, raws li ib feem ntawm lub 25 Division. Ib xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014, tuaj peb tsev ntawm lub series ntawm nuclear submarine "Vladimir Monomakh" nyob rau hauv tib lub hauv paus. Tag nrho peb tej nkoj nquam tseem tsis tau tshwj kom txhob lub luag hauj nyob rau hauv lub ua hauj lwm qhov chaw. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los txiav txim rau yam twg yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog hais tias ntawm cov kev npaj txhij. Lub cev xyaum ntawm tag nrho cov fleets ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog ib txhij txhua ua hauj lwm tawm cov kev txawj ntse ntawm crews thiab tau lub zoo meej khoom muaj ntawm lub nkoj ua ntej tawm hauv lub operating chav tsev. Qhov hais kom ua muaj 55 mas tub ceev xwm thiab 52 sailors, uas cov kev txawj ntse uas yuav tsum tau yog tseem heev. Yuav ua li cas lawv kev ua ub no zoo hauj lwm ua ke, nws nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev vam meej ntawm ib tug ntev voyage, tab sis kuj lub neej ntawm seafarers.

Cov nram qab no "Borei"

Nyob rau hauv 2009, nyob rau lub "Sevmash" nteg lub plaub nkoj ntawm peb tes num 955, tau txais lub npe ntawm St. Nicholas. Tam sim no, hauv lub tiav lawm tsev nyob raug ntsia khoom thiab hluav taws xob machinery. Qhov no version ntawm lub underwater missile muaj ib tug 955-U index.

Nyob rau hauv 2014 nws pib qhov kev siv ntawm ob units - "Suvorov" thiab "Tub huabtais Oleg" (version 955-A). Nws tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm los ua ke ntawm lub siab hull.

Rau 2015 nws yog npaj tso ntawm ob submarines ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv "Boreas".

Nws tsuas yog hais tias seb tus Navy yim Lavxias teb sab submarines ntawm plaub tiam, yog tseem tsis paub hais tias. Tej zaum, lawv muaj pes tsawg yuav mus txog kaum los ntawm 2020. Thaum lub sij hawm, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov rau lub luag hauj "Squid" thiab "Dolphins" Project 667, uas muaj twb otsluzhat nws lub neej.