St. Lawrence Island: hauj lwm, qhov chaw, cov duab

Cov kob ntawm St. Lawrence - ib thaj chaw uas belongs rau Alaska (TEB CHAWS USA) thiab nyob rau hauv lub Bering Strait. Nws lub npe hu nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus neeg dawb huv, tus Eskimos Ameslikas hu ua nws Sivukak.

thaj txoj hauj lwm

St. Lawrence Island yog nyob rau hauv lub North Pacific hiav txwv. Entertaining nws txoj hauj lwm li cas nws yog nruab nrab ntawm lub qub thiab tshiab Worlds, nruab nrab ntawm lub continents ntawm Eurasia thiab North America. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kob yog nyob rau kev tshuam ntawm ob oceans - lub Pacific thiab lub Arctic, nyob rau hauv lub Bering hiav txwv, uas yog ib tug marginal hiav txwv ntawm lub Pacific hiav txwv. Nws muaj coordinates ntawm 170 °. d. thiab 63 ° c. w. St. Lawrence Island yog muab tshem tawm thaum 231 km sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog ntawm Nome (United States, Alaska). Thiab nws yog nyob 74 km rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Chukotka (Russia, Chukotka ceg av qab teb). Cov kob yog 140 km thiab dav - 35 km.

xwm

Struts deprived manifold, sawv cev los ntawm ib tug dawb uas tsis muaj toj thiab cais elevations. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm no - lub roob Atuk - ntau tshaj 670 meters siab. Nws yog tsim nyog los hais rau lub ntuj tshwm sim - ib tug mus tas polynya. Lub polynya yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov kob. Nws tsim nyob rau lub prevailing sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb cua drives tam sim ntawd tus cov dej khov ntawm cov ntug dej mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog maritime subarctic, li ntawd, nws yog heev hnyav huab cua tej yam kev mob yog ib kob. Cov duab rau cov chaw no qhia tias tus muaj ntawm no yog heev scarce. Cov nroj tsuag cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tundra tsam - tsawg-loj hlob shrubs, mas arctic willow. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tus muaj muaj ib tug heev ntau haiv neeg fauna. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib thooj ntawm cov muaj zog currents uas coj loj nyiaj ntawm plankton, thiab ntses uas tsiv. Tshaj cov zaub mov attracts zos ntawm cov tsiaj thiab noog, tsim no rookeries. Txhua txhua xyoo nws yoov txog 3 lab nrws ntawm hiav txwv noog. Noj cov khoom uas no hlub tus dub guillemot, puffin, guillemot, tus noog tridactyl thiab loon.

zaj dabneeg

Nthuav qhov chaw yog tsis tsimnyog, vim hais tias cov kob - nws yog tus so ntawm lub Isthmus ntawm ob continents. Txwv tsis pub, koj muaj peev xwm hais tias, "ntshiv ntoo" av choj. Qhov no qhia hais tias muaj ib zaug ntiaj teb lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv uas lub prehistoric neeg mus ncig yog ib feem ntawm koj cov itinerary nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm hauv ntawm America.

Cov kob yog sab los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntoj ke mus kawm coj los Danish-yug Lavxias teb sab naval tub ceev xwm Vitus Bering. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1728, ib hnub twg thaum muaj ib lub tsiab peb caug ntawm St. Lawrence.

pejxeem

Ib tug interesting taw tes ntawm cov kob hais sib haum. Cov neeg no muaj nyob txog 2 lab xyoo dhau los. Cov no yog cov Eskimos los ntawm Alaska thiab Chukotka. Tam sim no cov neeg yuitami hu ua - nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov lus, zoo li lub Chukchi. Thiab qhov no tsis yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj. Lawv cov lus thiab kab lis kev cai yog ib tug ntshiab resemblance rau cov lus ntawm cov neeg Chukotka. Cov kev sib hais haum ntawm cov kob los ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv prehistoric thiab thaum ntxov keeb kwm sij hawm tau ib ntus cim. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev sib hais haum thiab tawm hauv cov kob raws li ib leeg, nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua puag thiab nyob rau ntawm kev pab rau kev ciaj sia taus. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha thiab cov hniav nyob rau hauv cov kob qhia qhov kev tshaib kev nqhis. Big Island yog siv raws li ib tug mus yos hav zoov av, tag nrho cov ntau li ntawd mus rau lub mainland nyob rau hauv twj ywm huab cua muaj peev xwm yuav mus txog tsis muaj teeb meem.

Siberian Yupik neeg nyob rau hauv round lub tsev, muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Sov yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev - nyob. Cov txias ib feem ntawm lub tsev yog qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov ua economic affairs. Quav neeg carved pob txha rho tsiaj nyaum. Carvings raug them nrog tag nrho cov chav ua noj lauj kaub tais diav. Nyob rau hauv kev, yos hav zoov iav thiab riam phom. Siberian Yupik neeg ntseeg tias tsiaj carvings coj hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov. Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tsiaj yog yus muaj los ntawm shamanic worldview. Tsiaj txhu muaj tau siv raws li cov cim rau cov tsiaj (feem ntau nws yog tus uab lag, walrus, aub). Thiab cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tsiaj hlua li tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, tua cov whale yuav muaj xwb tus txiv neej uas nws tau xaiv tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus tsiaj nyaum. Nws twb kho kom zoo raws li ib tug qhua. Thaum muaj yog ib txwm ib tug neeg tam sim no, tus tsiaj yog coaxed suab paj nruag thiab refreshments. Tag nrho cov no yog vim hais tias cov Siberian Yupik neeg ntseeg, zoo li lub whale yuav rov qab mus rau yav tom ntej.

Hma thiab killer whales nyob rau hauv lub myths xwb thiab fairy tales raug xam tias yog ib tug tsiaj. Lub caij ntuj sov - ib tug killer whale nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no - ib tug hma. Nyob rau hauv nws lub caij ntuj no guise nws pab zoov tua ib tug mos lwj.

pejxeem

Cov neeg nyob pejxeem ntawm 4000 cov neeg los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Nws ces poob sharply mus 1,000 tus neeg thiab yog khaws cia nyob rau ntawm theem rau hnub no. 40% ntawm cov pejxeem yog cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 20 xyoo. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Americans muaj yog tsis txuam nrog ib tug txo ntawm cov kob tus pej xeem. Lub liam rau no kev tshaib kev nqhis, ntawm uas ob-feem-peb ntawm Inuit raug yuam kom khiav tawm ntawm cov kob. Photography, txawm li cas los, piv txwv li uas muaj nyob ntawm no thiab koom. Tam sim no muaj ob lub moos: Gambell thiab Savoonga. Lawv qhov chaw nyob mas cov Eskimos.

islands US

Cov kev ti, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Eurasia thiab North America, lub xeev ciam teb ntawm ob lub teb chaws - Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States. Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov Islands tuaj - lub Lavxias teb sab, lwm yam - lub American.

St. Lawrence Island yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Bering hiav txwv, lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Bering Strait, sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Chukotka ceg av qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Alaska. Nyob ze ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab ntug dej hiav txwv yog cov kob ntawm St. Lawrence. Nws yog nws? Lo lus nug no yuav tsum teb nyob rau hauv no txoj kev: nws yog tam sim no ib feem ntawm lub US lub xeev ntawm Alaska. Thaum lub sij hawm, kev nom kev tswv kev hloov tau tus lub Bering Strait, nws islands dhau los ntawm ib lub teb chaws mus rau lwm lub, yog li tam sim no, tab tom nrhiav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus tau poob nyob rau hauv, li cas lub xeev lawv muaj.

Keeb kwm, qhov no kob belongs rau lub tebchaws United States, txawm hais tias nws yog los ze zog mus Chukotka. Nyob rau hauv lub Bering Strait kuj Diomede Island, tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tib neeg dawb huv. Nyob rau hnub ntawm nws hwm nws, lawv twb nrhiav tau los ntawm V. Bering, raws li cov kob ntawm St. Lawrence. Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm tus Diomede Islands - Island nailing, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov kwv tij, cov thawj lub sij hawm lawv tau poob rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Big Diomede, nyob rau sab hnub poob, uas los ntawm Russia. Kruzenshtern kob, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, yog lub tebchaws United States. Yog li, nruab nrab ntawm ob islands yog tus ciam teb lub xeev. Nws yog hais txog kom deb li deb rov qab raws li lub Bering Strait. Fairway (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Diomede Islands), teej tug mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

administrative ciaj ciam

Cai muab cov kob yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Census Nome, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib feem ntawm lwm hwv unit - Unorganized Borough. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tswj chav tsev, uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv Alaska. Tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm me me, nws tus kheej-Teacher yog tsis tau, tab sis cov kev suav pej xeem yuav tsum tau. Rau yooj yim unorganized Boro Alaska yog muab faib ua 11 aav, ib tug uas yog hais tias cheeb tsam Nom. Neeg uas nyob yuav luag sib npaug faib nruab nrab ntawm lub ob lub moos - Gambell thiab Savoonga. Lub npe Gambell zos lub npe hu ua tom qab tus xib hwb thib rau cov kob, leej twg tuag nrog nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai cua daj cua dub nyob rau hauv lub nkoj "Dzheyn Grey" nyob rau hauv 1898. Lwm yam settlements tsis nyob ntawm no. Txawm hais tias kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev supremacy muaj, lub nroog ntawm Gambell kom txog rau thaum 1898 qee twb hu Sivukak Eskimos, zoo li tag nrho cov kob, uas tseem muab nws ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb.

Cov kev ua ub cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv cov kob

Neeg uas nyob ntawm cov kob koom nyob rau hauv kev nuv ntses, kitoboystvom, pob txha carving. Carved kaus ntxhw tam sim no yog tsis imbued nrog xws li oberezhnym lub ntsiab lus raws li ua ntej. Tam sim no nws yog souvenirs rau cov muag khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg nyob sib sau ua ke berries thiab qe ntawm qus hiav txwv noog. Reindeer herding yog tam sim no, tab sis nws yog ib tug tshiab kuj ua si, tom qab Asmeslikas mos lwj rau cov kob. Bowhead whales yog mined no nyob rau hauv cov nqi xws li hais tias lub Savoonga zos no kuj hu ua "lub whale capital ntawm lub ntiaj teb no." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws hosts lub xyoo Whale Festival.

Tej zaum tourists mus saib cov kob, attracted los ntawm tso tseg graveyard ntawm ships. Scenic views ntawm cov neeg tuag skeletons ntawm cov hnyav txias shores xwm nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab.

Cov kob thiab lub tebchaws United States

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1952 mus rau xyoo 1972, ib feem ntawm cov kob ntawm av teej tug mus rau lub American cov tub rog.

Cov neeg ntawm cov kob koom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II - tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Alaska hwv tiv thaiv (ATG). Nyob rau hauv 1947, lub tsev twb disbanded. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1952, lub Aisliasdawm txuas ntxiv mus koom nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv ntawm cov kob uas tsim los ntawm lub Alaska National Guard. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws ua ib tug radar chaw nres tsheb BBC, uas muaj kaw raws li txoj cai.

Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug exacerbation ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub USSR thiab lub US nyob rau hauv lub Bering Strait teeb meem tshwm sim. 22.06.1955 ob Soviet fighter xuas phom tua cia ib tug US neeg soj xyuas aircraft kho. Cov neeg coob muaj kaum ib cov neeg. Peb ntawm lawv twb raug mob nyob rau hauv lub shelling, thiab plaub ntau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Fwm diplomatic cov ntaub ntawv, uas nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub Soviet tsoom fwv ntshai qhov teeb meem peacefully, tab sis rau tag nrho cov qhov tseeb twb tsis tau hais.

Thaum lub dav hlau yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub USSR thiab yog ib tug skirmish, Lavxias teb sab tub rog tua qhov kev txiav txim tsis mus ua tej yam kev ua txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws. Thiab lub kam ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv los mus them ib nrab ntawm cov US losses yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm ib tug thaj yeeb mus ob peb vas. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum nws twb clarified tias muaj yog ib tug shootout rau ib tug pos huab hnub, thaum sawv daws yuav mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm vim tsis muaj visibility. Qhov teeb meem yog tswm.

Radar chaw nres tsheb, nyob rau ntawm lwm kawg ntawm cov kob, yog tus kwv uas qhov US Cua Dag Zog Yuam thiab nqa tawm aerokontrol thiab kev tiv thaiv yog cov saib xyuas qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no rau centuries feeb muaj chaw nres tsheb ib co Inuit tsev neeg. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab lub kaw ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, ntsuas noj qab haus huv twb pom nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem. Cancer thiab lwm yam kab mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tau zus nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, tshwm sim ntau ntau zaus. Nws tseem hnub no, txawm lub fact tias lub tebchaws United States muaj ib tug kim kev pab cuam ntawm tu lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Landmarks tshuaj lom PCBs. Xyuas ntxiv.

Tom qab tawm hauv cov tub rog pejxeem muaj cai ua lub excavation ntawm cov pob txha rau carving, uas nyob rau hauv ob lub "pob txha qho to" tau sau ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm nyem rau centuries. Thiab cov neeg tau muab lub txoj cai rau ntses thiab marine tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw. Nrhiav tau ntawm txoj cai pab rau cov pej xeem.