Leyden thawv

Muaj ntau ntawm peb contemporaries yog li ntawd, accustomed mus ces ntawm kev muaj tiag, uas rau ib co raws li nres noticing lawv. Cov neeg nyob rau hauv expectation ntawm ib yam dab tsi inexplicable, tab sis yog heev tiag tiag txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau yooj yim dua mus nyem qhov hloov khawm kom qhov muag teev tsoo mus txog qhov tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev!? Los yog nce mus rau hauv pem teb, cia li los txhaj lub khawm nyob rau hauv lub elevator. Tsis yog nws ib txuj ci tseem ceeb?

Txawm tias lub duration ntawm lub tswv yim siv ntawm hluav taws xob noob neej muaj xwb ib ob peb puas xyoo, lub keeb kwm ntawm cia li ib pliag, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm nws tau ua ntau yam discoveries. Ib txhia paub zoo thiab tam sim no (uas yog paub tias zoo Ohm txoj cai!), Thiab lwm yam yog nco txog xwb los historians thiab, tej zaum, cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, dab tsi koom haum ua teb tshwm sim rau lub nruab nrab tus neeg nrog cov lus "Leyden thawv"? Nyiaj txiag tsev, kev kho mob pab kiag li lawm, thiab yuav ua tau "lo qhia" muaj peev xwm rau lub preservation ntawm zaub? Txawm li cas los, nws yog heev tej yam ntuj tso, vim hais tias txawm tsis yog txhua electrician xam hais tias Leyden thawv - ib hom ntawm niaj hnub hluav taws xob capacitors. Txawm hais tias tsim yog heev yooj yim, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, nrog rau cov kev kho nqi lus ntawm tej pab kiag li lawm yuav heev ntse khiav lag luam raws li ib feem ntawm qhov hluav taws xob circuits.

Txhua schoolboy paub hais tias yog koj tshiav cov yas kov ntawm cov plaub hau, nyob rau hauv nws mus kom ze rau lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kis muaj tshwm sim. Ib tug zoo xws li cov ntsiab cai no siv nyob rau hauv lub electrostatic tshuab, vim uas muaj ib tug Leyden thawv. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua German Gericke secular haiv neeg ua rau cov installation, uas yog raws li yog ib tug loj lub khob ntim nrog ib tug mounted qag. Ib tug yooj yim siv tsav ua rau nws kiv. Yog kov tau tej daim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ua rau ib tug hluav taws xob muaj thiab pom electromagnetic teb. Nyob rau hauv tej yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kev txiav txim cov kab ntawm daim teb zog generated thiab sau (condensed) currents.

1745 yog hnub uas thaum ib tug Leyden thawv tau qhib. Physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek ntawm Leyden pom tau hais ncuav dej nyob rau hauv ib hub, muab tso rov qab ib daim hlau, ua tib zoo muab lub peev xwm ntawm ob txhais tes thiab coj nws mus rau ib tug khiav elektroforu. Kov lub projecting feem ntawm cov hlau paub txog tau txais muaj zog feem poob siab. Nws yog tam sim no tseeb hais tias cov tib neeg txhais tes thiab cov dej nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub tau txais kev pab raws li dab tsi yog tam sim no raug xa mus rau raws li capacitor phiaj, thiab cov iav phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab - lub insulating txheej. Leyden thawv yuav noog npaum li ntawd hluav taws xob uas nws sufficed rau cov zaj uas lub ib cov saw ntawm 700 cov neeg. Nws yog tshwm tag uas lub peev xwm ntawm no discovery yog enormous. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Leiden twb launched zus tau tej cov "capacitors", uas tau muab lub npe ntawm tus ntaus ntawv.

Tom qab 2 xyoos txij thaum lub foundations ntawm B. Franklin rau kev sim hom phiaj qhwv sab nraud cov phab ntsa ntawm lub can ntawm tin ntawv ci, li no ua muaj peev xwm. Nws yog tseeb hais tias npaum li cas tseem mus yuav sab. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib txoj kev uas "mus sib hais thiab yuam kev", thiab lub theoretical lub hauv paus twb deduced rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm thwmsim. Tom qab Franklin hloov bank tiaj iav nrog ntawv ci rau ob tog, tau paub rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb capacitor.

Leyden hub nrog koj ob txhais tes tau ua sai sai heev. Xav yas bank tin phaj nrog insulated hlau soldered, tshuab txais hluav ncaig, check lim daim ntawv, hlau (los yog yas nrog ib tug conductive insert) nrog cov davhlau ya nyob twg-cover kev sib cuag thiab ntsev dej. Tso tawm rau hauv qab phaj rau ib lub hnab yas ntim, cov dawb kawg ntawm cov hlau deduce li. Kaw lub sab saum toj ntawm daim ntawv, ncuav thee txheej, ncuav ntsev dej thiab muab lub hau rau ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub tsev txhab nyiaj yog tawm ntawm ob them nyob ntawm tej rwb thaiv tsev: los ntawm lub hauv qab thiab saum toj daim hlau. Tam sim no, yog hais tias lawv yog coj tau ib lwm voltage, lub ib feem ntawm nws yuav condense. Tom qab ntawd, cia li txuas rau load yuav nyob twj ywm. Thaum uas soj ntsuam txog lub "Bank" yuav tsum tau ceev faj.