Hais lus: Speech zog. Hais lus thiab sau lus

Nws yog muab faib ua ob lub ntsiab tawm tsam txhua lwm yam, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev sib phim hom. Nws yog ib lub qhov ncauj thiab sau lus. Lawv tsoo nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob, yog li ntawd nrhiav tau txawv tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov lus pab. Obscheliteraturnogo lus cov cuab yeej uas muab hom xws li hais lus thiab sau lus yog lub hauv paus rau cov tsim thiab hauj lwm ntawm synonymous series. Decoupling lawv phau ntawv sau thiab qhov ncauj hais lus ua hauj lawm yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho cov teeb nyob rau hauv nws cov chav kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus rov nce nkag tau mus rau tej yam kev txwv.

orality hais lus

Orality yog lub ntsiab zoo tshaj uniting lub hom sib txawv, uas yog muab faib mus rau hauv cov lus hais lo lus. sau ntawv cov khoom muag nyob rau hauv lub ntau ntau yam ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab daim ntawv sau hom. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus zoo yog tsis tus tsuas yog unifying tau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj thiab conversational style yog nws txiav txim tsim thiab hauj lwm ntawm kev kwm txhais tau tias, txawv los ntawm daim ntawv sau hais lus. Hais lus zog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov xwm ntawm nws tiam. Cia peb xav txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Lub sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv

Qhov txawv yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sib sib zog nqus psycho-physiological sib txawv. Psychologists pom hais tias tus mechanisms ntawm tiam thiab xaav ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv tsis yog tib yam. Thaum lub tiam ntawm kev sau ntawv muaj yog ib txwm lub sij hawm yuav tau xav txog lub formal cov nqe lus ntawm lub hom phiaj, yog li ntawd cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm structuring siab.

Raws li, qhov kev nyeem ntawv yog ib txwm tau mus nres thiab xav txog tsaug sau ntawv, nrog nws tus kheej koom haum ua teb. Qhov no pub rau ob lub sau ntawv thiab tus nyeem ntawv txhais ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm lub ntsiab nco mus sij hawm ntev. Tsis tau hais tias nyob rau hauv hais lus thiab mloog. Nws nta yog sounding, dabneeg thawj hais lus. Cov khoom ntawm kev hais lus yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog ib tug kwj tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws cov tej zaum yuav ncua los ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv raws li nws intentions xaus los sis ncua cov lus qhia. Mloog cov kev xav tau nyob rau hauv lawv txais tos ua raws li cov lus lub sij hawm, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm nyob qhov twg nws xav tau kev pab rau, nws tseem tau mus nres rau ib tug tob xav txog. Yog li ntawd ua feem ntau luv luv-term nco, thaum ntaus nqi hais lus. Hais lus nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws yog ib tug txawj, one-off, nws yuav tsis tshwm sim dua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas tau twb tau xa.

automation

Thaum kawm txog kev kawm ib yam lus nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau cov zaj lus qhia yuav tsum npaj kom txhij nyob rau hauv ua ntej txhua kab lus, tab sis nyob rau hauv no zaj lus qhia yuav tsis ua hauj lwm: cov teeb meem ntawm tshwm sim lawm yuav tsum tau rov nyob rau hauv ib tug tus khiav ntawm kev hais lus los muab cov kev hais lus feem. hais lus yam ntxwv yog hais tias nws yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua los npaj, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib lom zem ntau suab. Yog hais tias cov lus qhia yog ib qho nyuaj los tswj nws, nws yuav poob rau zoo ntawm spontaneity thiab naturalness. Control tshaj ib tug siab tau xwb nyob rau hauv lub qeeb txoj kev kawm ntawm kev hais lus, nws zoo li ib txwm pace ntawm muab ib tug stereotyped cim.

Suab sau ntawv nyeem

Ua los ntawm txawj hais lus yuav tsum tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug yooj yim tw ntawm daim ntawv sau ntawv, nqa tawm los ntawm haiv neeg hais lus, ua yeeb yam, thiab tej zaum kuj hais lus. Tej tw tsis hloov dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, thiab tab sis yog nws suab, tab sis tseem li tau sau. Thaum ceev tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus hais lus sau ntawv, tag nrho cov ntawm nws lub zog. Los ntawm orality nws tsuas pom suab contour thiab tau phonetic expressiveness. Hais tias yog, tus acoustic zog ntawm kev hais lus suab sib txawv. Nws yog nthuav kom soj ntsuam E. A. Bryzgunovoy piv actor voicing tib phau ntawv: lawv differed. Qhov no txhais tau tias raws li sai li lub qhov ncauj hais lus yam khoom, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub suab, kev txawv tshwm sim vim individualization.

cwm pwm

Ncauj kev cob cog rua nws yog ib txwm ib tug neeg. Rau kev sau ntawv no tsis yog lub zuag qhia tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov ntau ntau yam. Tsuas yog ib tug neeg artistic hais lus thiab tej lax ntawv xov xwm hais lus lwm yam. Txhua hais lus nws muaj nws tus kheej txoj kev ntawm characterizing tus tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntawm nws puas hawv, kev, txawm kev nta thiab ib qho kab lis kev cai. Qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau hais lus. Nyob rau hauv Parliament, piv txwv li, qhov kev kawm ntawm txhua MP tseem ceeb nws cwm pwm thiab kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm, muab nws ib tug social portrait. Ncauj kev cob cog rua nws feem ntau txhais tau tias ntxiv rau tus mloog dua li cov ntaub muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus, rau cov uas qhov kev kawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw.

nta hais lus

Yog hais tias peb tig mus rau lub division yam nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj thiab conversational style, nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv Ntxiv nrog rau qhov yeeb yam nyob rau hauv phau ntawv-sau ntawv hom no yog ib co ntxiv. Ib txhia thaj chaw ntawm kev hais lus yog ib qho rau tag nrho cov qhov ncauj thiab conversational hom thiab yus nws raws li txwv mus rau phau ntawv-sau ntawv, sib qhia cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus rau hauv ob qhov chaw. Lwm tus noj ib feem nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm ntau yam ntawm qhov ncauj thiab conversational hom. Peb sau tej ntxiv yam. Tej thaj chaw ntawm kev hais lus yog hom phiaj, situational, lub suab hom (pab monologue thiab dialogs).

hais hais lus

Hais lus yeej ib txwm nyob, thiab ncaj qha mus rau tus mloog uas perceives nws nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog nws cov ADDRESSEE ntawm no thiab tam sim no. Tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm kev tricks zoo li ncua thiab ces dua nkag yuav disregarded, raws li lawv yuav tsis tau deprived ntawm lub ntsiab tham ua: immediacy ntawm xaav, qhov twg tseem ceeb lub sij hawm synchronization. ADDRESSEE yuav ua tau: a) ib tug neeg; b) collective; c) tus loj.

Cov peb hom hais qhov ncauj txawj hais lus, coinciding nrog cov nyhuv ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws cov kev faib (tag nrho cov ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb, xws li hais, unidirectional), yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub qee ntawm peb hom ntawm qhov ncauj txawj lus (hais lus thiab sib tham ua hom ntawm kev sau ntawv hom lus): 1) qhov ncauj-hais; 2) qhov ncauj SF; 3) cov xov tooj cua thiab TV.

sau ntawv hais

Muaj yog tsis yog ib tug ncaj qha hais: ib tug Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab tus nyeem ntawv yog daim ntawv, thiab nws tso cai rau koj mus arbitrarily ncua rau kev nyeem ntawv, piv txwv li mus tshem tawm cov tshaj ntawm lub cev lub sij hawm, nws yog tej txiaj ntsim nrog cov qub heev zoo nespontannosti thiab reusable ... Tsis zoo li tus hais lus siv tsis tau rau nws hais tias "ib lo lus hais yog yav dhau los recalling." Tej indirect hais yuav ua tau ib qhov zoo tshaj ntawm division.

situationally

Cov yooj yim zog ntawm kev hais lus kuj muaj xws li situational. Nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov lus hais hom, qhov twg qhov teeb meem no yog tsis qhia ua lus hais nyob rau kev txiav txim, tej vagueness thiab inaccuracy. Nws yog feem ntau yog suav hais tias yog kom zoo ntawm conversational hais lus, tab sis, nruj me ntsis hais lus, yog lossi nrhiav tau. Nws qhia tau hais tias, piv txwv li, kev hais lus tsom xam poetic thaum yuav tsum tau biographical ceeb toom rau ib tug muaj tseeb kev nkag siab thiab kev xav ntawm cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub comments ntawm no zoo, muab ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm tej hom ntawv nyeem, cia pab txhawb tus xaav thiab nkag siab txog lub hom phiaj ntawm tus sau. Rau ntxiv situational tag nrho appertseptsionnaya puag hais lus thiab mloog, ib lub zej zog ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev. Tag nrho cov no pub rau cov lus cues thiab muab ib qho kev pom rau ntawm ib tug siab ib muag. Cov yus situational thiab collectively nyob rau lo lus nug. Piv txwv li, tus kws qhia ntawv paub dab tsi nws cov neeg tuaj saib qhov uas lawv paub thiab ua tau, yog dab tsi interesting. Pawg yog hais situational ntawv yog tsis peculiar. Yog li, nws ua raws li ib yam ntawm kev rho tawm thiab colloquially raws li ib feem-lub sij hawm zoo tshaj characterizing scientific qhov ncauj hais lus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, situational yuav tsis tsiag ntawv los ntawm tej yam ntawm kev sau ntawv hom.

Kev siv cov monologues thiab dialogues sau hais lus

Raws li rau tus piv ntawm monologue thiab kev sib tham cov ntaub ntawv, ces cov cuab yeej no thiab daim ntawv sau thiab qhov ncauj hom rau partitioning cov zajlus lus ntau yam ua txawv. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv-sau ntawv hom, nws tsis muaj nqi partitioning ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj thiab hais kuj yog ib tug tau. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib txawv piv ntawm monologue thiab kev sib tham nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau thiab qhov ncauj ntau ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv-sau ntawv hom ntawm kev monologic hais lus nws yog feem ntau, tab sis nws yuav pom raws li tej yam tshwm sim ntawm dialogic. Txawm tias qhov no yuav tsis pom zoo yog hais tias lawv muaj, ces nws yog tsis ncaj, tab sis, theej indirect. Ua lag ua luam nws yog qhia monological views, tab sis zaug xwb (feem ntau yog) kab lus hais tawm ib tug txiav txim, daim ntawv thov, cov kev taw qhia, kev txiav txim, thiab lwm yam, muaj lub causative qhia txog kev ua daim ntawv (ib qho tseem ceeb) mus ob peb vas, daim ntawv thiab lub koom haum nyob ze rau ib tug tib yam ntawm kev sib tham. Ntawv xov xwm cov khoom no feem ntau yog monologic, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntsiab ntawm cov kev sib tham, xyaum cov lus nug tus nyeem ntawv thiab nws liam cov lus teb, ncaj rau kev sib tham yog nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam kev sib tham, xov xwm nrog cov txawj nyeem ntawv, teb lus nug, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus kev sib tham -. Txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus cim, tus sau tib hais lus mus monological saib. Tab sis muaj ib tug nkaus dialogic lwm yam. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, sib tham txog lub plays thiab ua yeeb yam raws li ib tug kos duab rau daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws hloov tawm hais tias raws li ib yam ntawm division sib tham - monologue hais lus indistinctly, tab sis kom meej meej heev qhia ib qho kev nce dialogicality sab laug.

Monologues thiab dialogues nyob rau hauv hais lus

Lub qhov ncauj conversational-hom fundamentally sib txawv ratio. Nws yog txiav txim hais tias tus dialogic thiab monologic ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hais lus, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, muaj ntau cov koom haum, namely: ib tug monologue - nws ya los ntawm ya syntax, kev sib tham - nws yog ib tug nyuaj nyuag conversational cues, rau colloquial syntax. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv sau ntawv rau cov kev sib tham nws muaj nws syntactical nta nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov monologue, uas yog ib qhov chaw rau ntau yam syntactic qauv, cia li sau ntawv wealth. Tiam sis ntawm no qhov sib txawv ntawm dialogic thiab monologic hom tsis entail xws li ib tug yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub syntax qhov twg ib tug kev sib tham ua qauv quav nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm kev sib tham. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj dialogic-conversational hom txo los ntawm txoj cai mus rau sab laug. Thiab nce mus txog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj scientific hais lus. Koob pheej ntawm lawv ntawm kev sib tham thiab monologue tso cai, cov lwm yam ntsiab lub division ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hom, sib cais rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub xov tooj cua thiab TV, thiab lub qhov ncauj scientific hais lus.