Spore tsim - ib tug txheej txheem ntawm sporulation. piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj cov kab mob uas muaj lub peev xwm ua noob. Raws li tus txheej txheem no tshwm sim, hais tias xws li kev tsis sib haum, tus nyeem ntawv yuav kawm los ntawm kev nyeem cov tsab xov xwm no.

kev tsis sib haum

Yog muaj tus kab mob uas muaj ib tug tib cell, uas muaj sib npaug thiab dispersal. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug tsis sib haum? Nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus - qhov no qoob loo, lub sowing ntawm noob. Cov noob kab mob muab fungi, mosses, Lichens, nroj tsuag thiab tej hom ntawm cov kab mob.

Kev tsis txaus siab yog cov sib txawv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab fungi lawv nqa tawm cov kev ua ntawm tu tub tu kiv, thiab cov kab mob - tsis muaj. Cov noob ntawm cov kab mob los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm cov nyom tej yam kev mob, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua tus kab mob endowed nrog xws li lub zog.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug tsis sib haum? Qhov no microorganism yog kaum lub sij hawm tsawg kab mob ntawm tes nws tus kheej, uas nws yog tsim. Nws muaj peev xwm tsuas ua kom puas ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj tua kab mob los yog ib tug qhib nplaim taws.

Nqi ntawm cov noob yuav tsum tau khib. Cov me kab yuav mob rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, mus txog ib txhiab xyoo. Tab sis, ib zaug nyob rau hauv dej siab tej yam kev mob, lawv yog hloov, sai loj hlob thiab multiply.

Hom ntawm spore-txoj kev kab mob

Cov noob kab mob yuav tsim xwb cov kab mob sticks. Nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub sib cav yog:

• Bacillus - qhov thiaj li hu ua micro-kab, qhov luaj li cas sib cav yog tsawg tshaj li lub dav ntawm lub sticks. Nws cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov kab mob sporulation tsis hloov.
• Clostridium - controversy loj tshaj lub cheeb ntawm lub hlwb. Kab mob yuav pib swell thiab tau ib tug ntxaiv-puab.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm sporulation ntawm cov kab mob xws li cov cocci thiab convoluted yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj, ib qho kev zam.

bacilli

Qhov no spore-txoj kev kab mob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nrog, dab tsi rau ib tug zoo uas hais txog ob puas hom. Sib txawv ntawm cov asporogenous kab mob loj loj. Ntawm cov bacilli muaj pathogenic, teeb meem rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Cov no muaj xws anthrax, uas yog lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm antratsis - Bacillus penetrates los ntawm txhab rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj ib tug tshuaj lom ntxim rau cov ntaub, uas yuav raug rhuav tshem afterwards. Lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm anthrax yog yuav luag rhuav tshem tsis tau. Nws yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj nrog tshav kub, lub teeb, thiab tshuaj kev txiav txim. Tsuas yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

clostridia

Cov kab mob no yog spore-txoj kev siab, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus lawv hu ua obligate. Clostridia yog loj loj thiab cov duab ntawm ib nkhaus stick. Lawv mas nyob rau hauv uas muaj sia nyob, yog mobile thiab tshais. Cov yav tas los muaj flagella.

Clostridium muaj pathogenic zog, yog muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug capsule-superstructure. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lwm puag ncig tsis hu rau tus cell, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav.

Clostridia yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov hom, ib co kev uas yuav ua tau lom tshuaj lom xws li Kab mob Botulinum taug - muaj zog organic tshuaj lom. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug pathogenic hom Clostridia yog cov causative ua hauj lawm ntawm botulism, gangrene, tetanus.

Spore tsim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob

Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thaum tsis txaus fais fab, cua qhuav vaj tse nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau muaj nyob rau ntawd teeb meem metabolic khoom, ntse hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv kub tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv luv luv: sporulation - ib tug mechanism uas saib kuas kab mob ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv cov nyom tej yam kev mob. NTSIAB spore tsim muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias microbial kev ua si txo thiab txo cov kev siv ntawm metabolic dab.

сложный процесс. Spore tsim - ib tug complex txheej txheem. Lub cytoplasm pib poob dej, nws condenses thiab yog sau nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob. Nws muaj nws yog them nrog ib tug tuab plhaub nyob rau hauv ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg impermeable mus txawv daws cov teeb meem, thiab yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshiab tsim ntawm yeej, ovoid los yog dawb, uas yog hu ua ib tug spore. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab plhaub mature noob ntawm DNA synthesis yog txo kom tsawg li tsawg. Niam Txiv cell kab mob puas lawm, tus niam loses tsis sib haum cov ntaub ntawv.

Feem Pua ntawm lub plhaub nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov luj ntawm noob yog tsib caug feem pua. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. Spore tsim - ib tug ntev, uas yog tsim nyog rau lub tiav ntawm txog nees nkaum lub sij hawm. Tsos hlwb yuav nyob li qub los yog hloov. Nws yog nyob ntawm seb loj yog cov tsis sib haum thiab nyob qhov twg nws nyob. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - ces lub cell ua zoo li ib tug txiv qaub, ib tug keg los yog ib tug ntxaiv.

Spore tsim - ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cell zoo li zaum kawg theem ntawm ib tug complex txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, lub tetanus Bacillus noob tsim tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub cell, ua rau nws yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv tshiab thiab ua zoo li ib tug qws nruas.

Spore-txoj kev kab mob ntau resistant rau freezing, kom qhuav, ntev los yog luv luv-term kub, raug tshuaj. Muaj vegetative ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob tsim thiab sporulation. Piv txwv ntawm lub tom kawg: causative ua hauj lawm ntawm cov kab mob xws li kab mob anthrax, botulism, tetanus thiab ib co saprophytic av inhabitants, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub quav.

germination

Thaum lub plhaub tau txais mus rau hauv cov lus sib cav paaj ib puag ncig rau nws, nws pib mus rau swell. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim raws li ntev raws li lub plhaub yog tsis tag pov tseg. Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum lub plhaub ntaub yog nraus, los ntawm no loj impulse hluas tawb thiab nyob rau hauv lwm ib puag ncig.

Nyob rau hauv no, lub noob germinated nyob rau hauv aerobic kab mob. Co kab mob tsis txhob poob lawv cov txheej cell lub hnab ntawv thaum lub sij hawm sporulation. Los ntawm sab nraum, lub tsis sib haum tsis tau hu rau lub nruab nrab, nws kev sib cuag nrog lub cell daim nyias nyias yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw. Thaum twg muaj cov paaj tej yam kev mob, as-ham tau mus rau hauv lub hlwb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov noob kab mob yuav ciaj sia.

Cov kab mob thiab cov zaub mov

Sporulation yog undesirable kab mob thaum lub sij hawm ua thiab cia cais cov khoom. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm, mus sib ntaus sib tua micro-kab yuav tsis yooj yim. Rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov noob pwm nyob kaus poom zaub mov, piv txwv li, cov khoom yuav tsum tau sterilized, uas yog npaum li cas qis nws zoo. Mus tas li khaws cia mis nyuj, nws yog sterilized, thiab qhov no ua rau ib tug poob ntawm thawj zaug zog thiab vitamin A. Yuav nco ntsoov: lub cua sov kub thaum lub sij hawm kom tsis muaj menyuam - 120 degrees.

Listeriosis, mus khaws nyiaj pab ntau tshaj cov as-ham, mis nyuj yog rhuab mus 80-90 degrees nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov. Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau lub txee lub neej: mis nyuj spoils sai sai, yog li lub noob tsis tuag thaum lub sij hawm listeriosis, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nyob rau ntawm lub chav tsev kub, lawv yuav ciaj sia thiab pib muab sai heev, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi thiab muab zibntab khoom.