Sodium hypochlorite: khoom, ntau lawm, thov

Koj mus tom lub khw mus yuav khoom siv rau khaub ncaws. Ntawm cov txee muaj cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov xim thiab ntau thiab tsawg, tab sis txhais tes yuav siv ib lub hwj "Belize" - kab tias feem ntau cov tshuaj dawb ntawm cov niam tsev. Thiab tom qab ntawd rau ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub chaw ua haujlwm daim pib koj xav nyeem nws cov lus. "Dej, ces-se ... Thiab dab tsi yog qhov sodium hypochlorite?" - Cov no yog cov qauv kev xav ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua phem thiab thuam lub npe txawv txawv. Hauv tsab xov xwm hnub no, kuv yuav txaus siab rau koj txoj kev xav.

Txhais

Sodium hypochlorite (formula NaOCl) yog ib qho chaw inorganic, sodium ntsev ntawm hypochlorous acid. Ntxiv thiab, nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua "larbaric / javelin water" los sis tsuas yog "sodium hypochlorite".

Cov khoom

Qhov chaw no muaj cov tsos ntawm ib qho tsis muaj kob uas tsis muaj kob uas tsis muaj kob uas crystalline uas yog decomposes tau yooj yim txawm tias sov li chav nyob. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov pa oxygen tso tawm, thiab yog tias qhov kub ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau nce mus txog 70 ° C, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nrog nws tawg. Tshaj tawm hauv dej sodium hypochlorite - qhov no yog ib qho oxidizer muaj zog heev. Noj thereto ntxiv hydrochloric acid, ces tus tsim dej, sodium tshuaj dawb thiab cov tshuaj roj. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm carbon dioxide nrog txias tov ntawm tam sim no tham txog tshuaj, ib dilute hypochlorous acid tau.

Muab cov pa sodium hypochlorite

No compound tau txais thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide. Yuav kom qhov no tov yog sib cais los ntawm sodium tshuaj dawb, nws twb txias ^{mus rau} 0 ° C, ces nws ntog raws li ib tug sludge. Yog tias koj tseem tuav cov tshuaj sodium hypochlorite ntawm qhov kub (-40 ° C) thiab tom qab ntawd crystallize rau -5 ° C, cov txheej txheem yuav xaus nrog cov tsim tawm ntawm sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate. Thiab kom tau ib qho ntshiab ntsev, qhov dej crystalline yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thaum muaj sulfuric acid. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, sodium hydroxide yog hloov hloov los ntawm nws cov carbonate. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis tsuas yog yuav daws tau cov khoom xav thiab sodium chloride, tab sis kuj hydrogen carbonate ntawm tib lub hlau. Tham txog yam khoom uas yog tam sim no tau nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm calcium hypochlorite nrog sodium carbonate. Nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev, nws yog muab rho tawm nyob rau hauv lub laboratory. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, txoj hauv kev tau txais sodium hypochlorite yog txawv heev. Nws muaj nws ua ob txoj hauv kev: tshuaj - uas yog chlorination ntawm cov yaj hydroxide ntawm cov khoom no - thiab electrochemical - vim yog cov electrolysis ntawm cov tshuaj tov ntsev ntawm hom ntsev. Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem no nws muaj nws tus kheej cov subtleties, tab sis lawv kawm txog cov kev qhia ntau dua hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Daim ntawv thov

Qhov yeeb tshuaj no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Qhov no yog yooj yim los qhia nrog kev pab ntawm lub rooj:

Xaus

Saum toj no, tsuas siv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xwb, qhov twg yog siv qhov ntsig txog sodium hypochlorite. Nws occupies 91% ntawm cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov sib txuas xws li lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam. Yog tsis muaj cov khoom no, muaj ntau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam. Tab sis sodium hypochlorite vim nws cov kab mob virulence yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev kho mob.