Sforza locking (Milan)

Nyob rau hauv lub Italian nroog ntawm Milan yog lub Sforza Tsev fuabtais, uas nws ua txoj keeb kwm ntev txuas mus rau lub ce thiab downs, kev puas tsuaj thiab reconstruction. Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm Italian restorers thiab architects hnub no leej twg xav kom muaj ib lub sij hawm los qhuas cov qub yees thiab phab ntsa, ib tug taug kev los ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Zoo li ntau lwm monuments, Castello Sforzesco, raws li nws yog hu ua Tsev fuabtais Italians, sawv tseem es ancient tsev. Cov thawj heev fortification ua tau no nyob rau hauv lub XIV xyoo pua Visconti tsev neeg, uas muaj kev tswj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv Milan rau hauv lawv tus kheej txhais tes, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tswj peb feem ntau ntawm cov lwm tus txoj.

Ntawm Gian Galeatstso kuv Viskonti twb tau mus tsis tau tsuas yog nthuav nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm central Ltalis, Siena thiab Pisa, tab sis kuj mus yuav rau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv tej qub txeeg qub dukedom. Nws cov xeeb ntxwv twb tsis tau txuas mus rau lub Duchy ntawm Milan tshiab pawg neeg thaj av. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ntau kev tsov kev rog nrog Venice nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XV xyoo pua Milan, lub nroog lub xeev, tau poob ntau ntawm cov tau kov yeej ib cheeb tsam.

Tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1447 qhov kawg ntawm lub Visconti tsev neeg - Duke Filippo Maria - uas fav xeeb inhabitants ntawm lub nroog hais tias tus Ambrosian koom pheej thiab rhuav tsev fuabtais ntxub rulers.

theem ntawm kev tsim kho

Tab sis ntawm no yog ntxiv ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv no koom pheej zoo nkauj phem, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm Venetians Milan poob ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm nws ib ncig. Uas nyob ntawm lub nroog pib mus nrhiav ib tug muaj zog thawj coj thiab caw cov tub rog mercenary Francesco Sforza, thawj pab nyob rau Visconti thiab sib yuav hauv tsev neeg no. Nyob rau hauv 1450, lub Milan senate muab nws ib tug dukedom. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Francesco Sforza pib ua ib lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Milan, uas yog ua kom zoo zoo thiab luxurious Royal qhov chaw nyob, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug haib defensive qauv. Yuav kom siv qhov kev npaj no peb tau caw los ntawm xws li nto moo architects nyob rau lub sij hawm raws li Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone da Nogarolo, Jacopo da Cortona thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov thawj ib tug ua tau ib tug central ntauwd, tab sis rau cov kev siv ntawm cov loj heev defensive phab ntsa thiab plaub ces kaum yees defensive tawm Bartolomeo Gadio.

Nyob rau hauv 1446 Francesco Sforza tuag, thiab kav Milan los ua nws eldest tus tub - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). Thaum nws Sforza Tsev fuabtais tseem tsim thiab mus nqa tawm kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm, tus tshiab Duke of Milan sau architects thiab craftsmen los ntawm Florence. Tom qab lub tua neeg ntawm Galeazzo nyob rau hauv 1467 nws tus poj niam, Bona ntawm Savoy, sim los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, ua ib tug pej thuam uas siab rau lub sij hawm Bona - Torre di Bona nyob rau hauv Rochetta - lub feem ntau tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.

Lub era ntawm lub Italian Wars

Leej twg los rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1494, Ludovico Maria Sforza tseem mus tsim kho lub Sforza Tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Milan, thiab caw nws mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws Italian masters - Bramante, uas tau los ua tus neeg sau ntawm ntau architectural thiab hniav ntsiab, thiab Leonardo da Vinci ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw tiv thaiv thiab los ua ib tug series ntawm frescoes.

Nyob rau hauv 1500, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov Italian Wars ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman thiab Fabkis, Vaj Ntxwv Louis XII troops nkag mus hauv Milan thiab yuav Lodoviko Sfortsa. Nws raug coj mus rau Fabkis, qhov uas nws tau tuag lawm.

Loj kev puas tsuaj rau lub Sforza Tsev fuabtais yog nyob rau hauv 1521, thaum lub hauv paus ntauwd Filarete siv tau nyob rau lub sij hawm raws li lub mos txwv depot, twb ntaus los ntawm xob laim.

Mev lub sij hawm

Cov Spaniards, uas tuav Milan nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua, ho kho lub tsev fuabtais. Lawv ua tau cov phab ntsa ib ncig ntawm lub qub tshiab niaj hnub tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug rau-taw lub hnub qub nrog rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm kwv yees li 26 hectares. Lub nroog xeev tsiv mus rau noob nom noob tswv Palace thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais garrison. Tom qab lub crushing yeej ntawm tus troops ntawm King Francis kuv ntawm Pavia, ua tsaug rau cov nyiaj them yug ntawm huab tais thiab lus Mev King Carlos V, lub Sforza tsev neeg rov qab mus rau lub hwj chim. Duke Milan yuav Francesco II.

Austrian domination

Tom qab kev tuag nyob rau hauv 1534 ntawm Francesco Maria Sforza II, lub Austrian Empire ntawm lub Habsburgs annexed lub Duchy ntawm Milan thiab assigns cov kev tswj ntawm tus tswv xeev. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Austrians Sforza Tsev fuabtais yog siv raws li ib tug lub txhab raus phom thiab tub rog barracks. Part ntawm lub sib rau nws lub teb chaws rov qab los los yog rebuilt. Qhov tseem hnov tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub Habsburgs yog tus pej thuam uas Yana Nepomutskogo, ntsia nyob rau bridgehead.

Napoleonic lub sij hawm

Tom qab Napoleon Bonaparte invaded nyob rau hauv 1796 nyob rau hauv ltalis, Austria, xaus lus ib tug kev sib haum xeeb daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub Campo-Formio, kuv yuav tsum tau muab mus Lombardy. Bonaparte xaiv Milan nroog ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau tsib ntev xyoo, los ntawm 1796 mus 1801-th. Txawm tias petitions ntawm cov pej xeem uas cog noob ib siab rhuav lub tsev fuabtais, Napoleon kom nws yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub restoration ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom lub yeej ntawm lub Fabkis pab tub rog nyob rau hauv 1814, Milan yog lub peev ntawm tus tej lub xeev uas tsim los ntawm Napoleon nyob rau hauv ltalis.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm ib tug yias-European lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv Vienna, lub nroog twb tau tsiv mus rau lub Austrian cov khoom thiab los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom ntawm Lombardy-Venetia. Nyob rau hauv 1848, thaum lub sij hawm lub tsib hnub ntawm Milan, thaum lub rebels tiv thaiv rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm Austrian occupiers, Sforza Tsev fuabtais Cannon yeej nyob rau hauv Milan. Lub uprising twb suppressed, thiab tag nrho nws cov tswv cuab raug puas tau raug ntes thiab detained nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv 1859, lub Austrians thau los ntawm Lombardy, thiab cov neeg hauv zos yog tej thiab sacked lub tsev fuabtais, tom qab uas nws tau tso tseg.

niaj hnub yav dhau

Muaj ntau cov neeg nyob ntawm Milan nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX xyoo pua demanded ua kom puas lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv ltalis, lwv nws los ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ib yam dab tsi pab tau ntau, zoo li ib tug neeg tseem ceeb thaj tsam chaw nyob. Qhov zoo ces, tus fortress txiav txim siab tsis mus rhuav, tab sis, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tig los. Los ntawm restoration ntawm lub tsev fuabtais pib nyob rau hauv 1893 kes duab lub vajtse Luca Beltrami, uas xav mus recreate lub historic tsos ntawm lug lub sij hawm Sforza txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv 1905, txum tim rov qab ntauwd Filarete yog qhib, thiab nyob rau lwm yam sab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nrhiav Sempione Park.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub bombing ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog cuam tshuam ntau monuments, xws li Castello Sforzesco, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rochetta. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 50-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub tsev fuabtais txum tim rov qab thiab qhib rau cov pej xeem.

Qhov kawg hloov nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm cov fortress yog ib tug loj tug ciav nyob hauv lub puab cheeb tsam, hu ua tus Milanese "kab tshoob ncuav mog qab zib" thiab ua tau los hloov lub qub, demolished thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub subway nyob rau hauv lub 60-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo.

architecture

Niaj hnub nimno Sforza Tsev fuabtais - nws yog square-zoo li tus qauv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yog cov cheeb tsam delle Armi. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm loj heev phab ntsa thiab lub ntsiab rooj vag ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov multi-storey square ntauwd - Filaret, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tsab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Spasskaya ntauwd nyob hauv lub Moscow Kremlin. Txoj cai thiab sab laug ntawm nws yog angular round yees - di Santo Spirito thiab dei Carmini.

Dhau los ntawm lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub pej thuam ntawm Filarete, peb tau mus rau lub Piazza delle Armi, thiab peb yuav saib tau lub pej thuam, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj vag Porta Giovia. Mus rau lwm tus yog cov Royal lag, thiab rau sab laug - feem ntau fortified ib feem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais - Rochetta. Nws muaj ib tug me me patio, thiab ob tug es siab yees: Torre Castellana (tsev fuabtais) thiab tus pej thuam ntawm Bona ntawm Savoy. Rau hauv av pem teb yog ib cov khoom muaj nqis trove ntawm Torre Castellana, qhov chaw uas koj yuav saib tau lub tseem muaj sia nyob murals Bramantino.

Hauv lub Royal qhov faib ib tug me me square surrounded los ntawm ib tug portico, paub hnub no raws li "Portico ntxhw» (Portico dell'Elefante), npe hu ua li ntawd vim hais ntawm lub frescoes ntawm cov tsiaj.

Lub tsev fuabtais tsev cia puav pheej

Mus txog nyob rau hauv lub qub Milan, landmarks rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, uas peb xav mus xyuas, koj yuav tau tshawb endlessly.

Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv rau lub Sforza Tsev fuabtais: nws yog ib tug keeb kwm monument, tab sis kuj yog ib tug qhov chaw nyob qhov twg ntau puas yog feeb meej. Cov lawv - cov kos duab gallery, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Ancient Art, ib tug sau ntawm cov suab paj nruas seev, ib tug sau ntawm medieval tapestries thiab ntau lwm yam miv. Dawb tom qab mus rau lub tsev fuabtais, koj muaj peev xwm yuav ib daim pib mus xyuas tag nrho cov tsev ceev teej tug, los yog nyias nyob nyias ntawm koj lub paj raug.