Semenovskaya matryoshka: keeb kwm, kev piav qhia thiab kos npe. Semenov tswv pleev xim rau zes me nyuam roj hmab 1600

Semenovskaya matryoshka - hnov lub npe ntawm no ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, nco ntsoov lub tsev ntawm Khokhloma painting, tswv fab, txawj craftsmen ntawm ntoo carving. Chiv matryoshka yog tsis thawj ntawm tag nrho cov masters, tab sis mus ib txhis ingrained nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov crafts ntawm lub nroog ntawm Semenov ntawm Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Qho khoom ua si raws kev zoo nkauj thiab nws cov xim.

Semenovskaya matryoshka - ib qho ntawm feem cim thiab feem ntau coj los cim ntawm Russia. Nws los tshwm no souvenir nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, thaum lub teb chaws tus keeb kwm, ntau tau hloov radically, hloov cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg. Nws yog blooming era ntawm "Slavic style" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no. Lub loj hlob txaus siab nyob rau hauv tshiab fine arts, txawm li cas los, revived lub ancient crafts.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug ua zes menyuam roj hmab?

Yog hais tias koj sim mus muab ib tug txhais ntawm no qho khoom ua si, nws yuav hais ib yam dab tsi xws li: Matryoshka - Lavxias teb sab ntoo menyuam roj hmab, hauv uas muaj kos zoo li nws, txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv loj thiab painting, xws li matryoshka me nyuam roj hmab.

Cov thawj xws qho khoom ua si yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo tau qhia rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub yim interlaces ntxhais - cov tub hluas, uas tau tuav nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes dub qaib dib me me tsyplyatok, thiab lub xeem ib tug, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug mos ab. Tag nrho cov yim me nyuam roj hmab raug pleev xim rau nrog ci xim xim nrog pej xeem motifs. Kuv txiav thawj matryoshka Master qho khoom ua si VP Zvezdochkin thiab pleev xim rau los ntawm SV Malyutin.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Tsim tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub "teb chaws style", zoo-paub ntxias, cabinetmakers, thiab feem ntau ntiav workmen coj ib tug qauv ntawm lwm tus neeg cov khoom ua si. Muaj yog ib tug zam rau tag nrho cov Japanese, vim hais tias lub nrws ntawm oriental kos duab hu thaum lub sij hawm ntawm loj tshaj kev txaus siab. Ces, thiab nws tau coj tuaj rau peb cov av progenitor ntawm Lavxias teb sab zes me nyuam roj hmab.

Los ntawm cov Japanese nroog ntawm Honshu twb coj figurine ntawm ib tug hauj sam sage - Fukurumu li uas ntau tau tib yam, tsuas me me luaj li tau nyiaj ua lag luam. Feem ntau cov nthuav yog hais tias qhov no thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab carved ib tug Lavxias teb sab hauj sam, txuj ci tseem ceeb ntes tau nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm Nyiv.

Raws li historians, Semyonov matryoshka, uas nws keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, twb tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Fukurumu, nws yog nws daim duab kuj yog ib tug qauv rau Lavxias teb sab khoom ua si.

symbolism

Semenovskaya matryoshka - ib lub cim ntawm cov niam, muaj zog thiab noj qab nyob zoo poj niam. Cov menyuam roj hmab, uas yog tag nrho tsev neeg, kuj yog ib lub cim ntawm fertility.

Poj niam - niam txiv, Homemakers. Niam yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj mus nrhiav tom qab cov me nyuam, tu lawv cov sustenance, rau nws yuav tsum tau muaj zog ob txhais tes thiab noj qab haus huv, uas yog vim li cas Semyonov zes menyuam roj hmab zoo li zoo-pub thiab blooming.

Nested me nyuam roj hmab symbolize muaj zog tsev neeg, kev sib nrig sib pab txhawb nqa thiab sab ntsuj plig kev sib paub.

Yog vim li cas lub npe "matryoshka"

Piav lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov khoom ua si tau los ntawm cais tag nrho cov nram qab no muaj tseeb. Matryoshka, Matrona, Matryosha - lub hauv paus ntawm cov lo lus yog ib yam uas Latin keeb kwm. Mater Latin cia translates li "niam", nws yog nthuav tias lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus tsis haum.

Matryoshka - ib tug derivative ntawm lub npe Mary, Manya, Marie. Qhov no yog ib tug yawm lug siv lub npe rau lub Slavs txhua lub sij hawm.

Matryoshka - lub npe ntawm tus hauv sam vajtswv poj niam Matri.

Mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm

Thaum lub ntiaj teb tso rau neeg pom nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1900 Lavxias teb sab matryoshka yeej universal txais, tom qab uas nws cov mus txog lub roob, raws li kev thov tau nce ob peb lub sij hawm. Thiab Semenov - ib lub nroog ntawm ntoo khoom - pib ua tshiab souvenirs. Semenovskaya matryoshka, lub keeb kwm ntawm creation uas twb cia li pib, tau ua tus nrov tshaj plaws, raws li hauv zos craftsmen tau yooj yim tau saws lub kev nyob rau hauv manufacturing ntoo cov khoom ua si, tag nrho cov tshuab siv kaj xim rau painting.

Chiv, tus tswv zom, thiab ces pleev xim rau me nyuam roj hmab nyob rau hauv tsev, ces nyob rau hauv lub cob qhia, thiab tom qab pib mus ua hauj lwm tom lub Hoobkas, kom muaj raws li loj kev txiav txim.

Semenov hu ua "capital Lozhkarev" Russia thiab ua zes me nyuam roj hmab twb tsis nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntoo khoom. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntawm yeem ua. Thaum lub sij hawm, adopting los ntawm suburban masters kev nyob rau hauv raug Lavxias teb sab nested me nyuam roj hmab, lub zos craftsmen ua lawv cov yam ntxwv nta nyob hauv daim duab Semyonov zes menyuam roj hmab. Cov duab ntawm ib tug kaj qho khoom ua si yuav coj, nws yog nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj txawv teb chaws.

Yug cov khoom ua si

Yug thawj Semyonov zes menyuam roj hmab, uas qhia rau zaj dab neeg ntawm creation nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub Semenov koog tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Qub ntseeg - Merinova Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Muaj ntau cov neeg nyob Merinova khwv tau thaum muag ntoo tais diav, detachable thawv ntawm nyias daim, ua rau lag luam outlandish xa cov khoom ua si, thiab ces nested me nyuam roj hmab.

Twb tau nyob rau 1929, zes me nyuam roj hmab raug manufactured nyob rau hauv nruj Semenovskiy style - nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb painting, nrog ib tug daim ntawv, lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv Zavolzhsky ntoo kos duab. Tus thawj tswv-Qho khoom ua si, uas ua cov me nyuam roj hmab twb vaginas hiob merinovskie craftsmen. Lawv thawj me nyuam roj hmab tau ua nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub tib lub khoom ua si ntawm Nizhny Novgorod - bearded qub txiv neej nrog mustaches yog.

Lwm merinovsky tswv - Qho khoom ua si Mayorov, coj tsev tib menyuam roj hmab los ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, tsuas yog hais tias yog ib qho kev npliag plhaub, ob sab hauv thiab sab nraum. Cov hlob tus ntxhais ntawm tus tswv pleev xim rau menyuam roj hmab nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej alongside nws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sundress nrog ci liab paj nyob rau hauv sev, "hnav" nws lub taub hau kaj kokoshnik. Thiab tau pleev xim rau hauv merinovski me nyuam roj hmab, zoo, ua ke nrog merinovskoy painting tau tshwm sim los ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm no qho khoom ua si. Yog li yug lub phenomenon Semyonov zes menyuam roj hmab.

Ua ke nrog lawv, Semenov zom ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm yam ntoo Lom Zem. Ntxias pleev xim rau lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tib style Khokhloma painting. Drawings rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ntoo khoom tau chiv yog yooj yim, tab sis nws thiaj li qhia txog yam tshiab uas qaim xim, ntau hais, ntxiv ntau zaub qauv. Semenovskaya ntoo matryoshka los ua zoo nkauj heev thiab muaj yeeb yuj.

Raws li tau ua zes me nyuam roj hmab

Matryoshka - menyuam roj hmab yog hollow sab hauv. Twb nws ua rau koj xav txog cov poj txawj craftsmen, nws ua li. Nested menyuam roj hmab ua lag ua luam yog heev yooj yim, yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo deal ntawm kev txawj thiab siab ntev. Tsis yog txhua txhua hom ntoo no yog tsim rau kev tsim, li ntawd, cov kev xaiv ntawm ntoo tswv heev tiag. Feem ntau siv pob zeb raws li birch, linden, Aspen, tej zaum nws yog Alder. Ib tug ntoo yog txiav cia nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj no los yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Xaiv ib tug tus chim, tsis muaj cov pob caus ntawd, uas yog ces sawn rau hauv ob peb cav, thiab ces tshem tawm cov tawv ntoo thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsis tawg thaum qhuav, lub npoo yog smeared nrog av nplaum. Tom qab ib tug cia ntoo nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-ventilated chav tsev rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws qhuav, tiam sis tsis txhob desiccate. "Tsob ntoo rings - nws yog dab tsi peb yuav tsum tau!" - hais tias tus tswv, thiab txawm cov tshev mis rau tus ntxhiab tsw. Yog thiab keej taw nws grinds lub Desired zoo ntawm cov khoom, lub heev thawj matryoshka ua qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Tiav lawm machined daim duab sanded, luam thiab polished. Tsuas yog ces pib xim lub nto, siv gouache, watercolor, acrylic los yog roj xim.

Zoo kawg nkaus zoo nkauj painting

Semenov pleev xim rau zes me nyuam roj hmab nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Semenovskiy Khokhloma style siv pictorial ntsiab thiab motifs ntawm ancient Russia. Uas lwm hniav ntsiab ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm souvenirs.

Tus thawj me nyuam roj hmab ua rau cov neeg pluag cov me nyuam, yog li unpretentious pleev xim rau cov qauv. Nrog ib tug sharpened gus plaub ntxias thov kom qhov nkhaus ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab khaub ncaws, thiab ces tag nrho cov ntsiab tau pleev xim rau nrog aniline dyes kaj ntxoov scarlet, crimson, xiav, ntsuab thiab purple xim. Hauv paus Semyonov nested menyuam roj hmab painting - loj qaim xim, topped nrog pock, voj voog, bows, me ntsis paj. Saum toj no pleev xim rau matreshkas thov txheej ntawm ciab, lacquer tom qab siv.

Qhov no siv rau cov tshuaj ua zes me nyuam roj hmab Semenov, thaum lub sij hawm pib tshwm souvenir me nyuam roj hmab nyob rau hauv lub fashionable "Lavxias teb sab style", uas nws silhouettes yog lawm ua tus sau nrog cov keeb kwm cov neeg ( "Taras Bulba", "Napoleon", "Kutuzov"). Feem ntau fim ua zes me nyuam roj hmab los ua nto moo personalities ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm lub tsev neeg ( "The Romanov tsev neeg"), lub boyars, lub sau ntawv ( "Gogol", "Pushkin", "tis") thiab muaj nqi heev ntawm lawv cov dab neeg thiab tales ( "The Turnip", "Gingerbread").

Folk cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub teb chaws

Rau ntau Semenov nested menyuam roj hmab daim duab los ua ib tug raws roj ntsha los tshaj plaws. Semenov khw, qho khoom ua si lace thiab kev koom nyob rau hauv ib tug Hoobkas. Nyob rau hauv 1954 muaj ib tug sib koom koom tes "Qho khoom ua si", uas yog reorganized rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas twb nyob rau hauv 1960. Los ntawm no taw tes rau yog tus zus tau tej cov multi-zes me nyuam roj hmab, roj hmab yog ua los ntawm 18, 25 nested me nyuam roj hmab. Muaj ntau-nested me nyuam roj hmab tau ua nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tshaj xwm txheej thiab loj hnub.

Semenov tswv pleev xim rau zes me nyuam roj hmab 1600

Cim painting Semyonov matryoshka cai rau hnub no. Thawj souvenirs "Semenovskaya nrag" Hoobkas ceeb nws assortment. Tsis ntev los no Semenov tswv xim nyob rau hauv 1600 ntawm me nyuam roj hmab, tab sis lawv tsis txhob tso tseg. Raws li ib tug souvenir, qhov no qho khoom ua si yeej ib txwm tau thiab yuav ua tau ib tug zoo heev tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm peb lub teb chaws, thiab txawv teb chaws. Qhov no qhia tau lub thoob ntiaj teb muaj koob meej ntawm Lavxias teb sab zes me nyuam roj hmab.