Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin: hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho thiab cov duab

Moscow Kremlin tau ntev lawm ib tug paub tias lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood. Qhov no ancient fortress ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Moscow dej, nkag mus rau hauv lub register ntawm lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Keeb kwm kev cai los ntawm UNESCO. Lub Kremlin yog tsis uninteresting yees, txhua tus uas tsim nyog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib zaj dabneeg. Tab sis sim mus saib nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws sawv cev rau tsuas yog ib Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi xyoo pua nws ua tau dab tsi thiab yog nws architectural nta?

Moscow dawb pob zeb

Tus thawj pob zeb fortress ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Moscow dej nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov kaum plaub xyoo pua, thaum cov neeg pej xeem Duke Dmitry Donskoy. Nws ua tau ntawm dawb pob zeb, uas muab ntxiv rau hauv tom ntej centuries hu ua Moscow dawb pob zeb. Thiab tam sim no lub daim ntawv Moscow Kremlin maj pib tau nyob rau hauv lub lig thib kaum tsib xyoo pua, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais Ivan III pib ib tug loj-scale reconstruction ntawm lub pre-uas twb muaj lawm phab ntsa. Lawv muaj zoo nkauj Dilapidated thiab tsis sib haum rau cov xwm txheej thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm nkag mus rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Taynitskaya Moscow Kremlin ntauwd yog tus thawj ntawm cov nees nkaum uas tus thawj niaj hnub no lawm lub ancient phab ntsa.

Nyob rau southbound

Tag nrho cov chaw tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no teem rau cov kev taw qhia los ntawm uas cov kev hem thawj. Nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb, nws yog tsis muaj exception thiab Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub kev hem thawj ntawm lub Mongol-Tatar conquerors thiab nomads. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib ob peb xyoo ua ntej thaum pib ua Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Kremlin, lub capital ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev tau rov los ntawm tus troops ntawm Khan Tokhtamysh. Qhov no xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Genghis Khan, kov yeej thiab puas Moscow, nws tuaj ntawm sab qab teb. Yog li ntawd, lub Muscovites muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg txog kev xav tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm defensive txaus qhia rau ua cov kev hem thawj ntawm sab qab teb. Thiab Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin, lub hnub nyoog uas yog ntsuas los ntawm lub era ntawm lub reign ntawm Tsar Ivan III, yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv lawv cov series. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog lub tswv yim, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab rau siab nyob rau ib feem ntawm ib tug tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab.

Yuav ua li cas kom lawv muaj lub Kremlin

Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin, lub hnub ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm uas, raws li ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, xaiv nyob rau hauv 1485 xyoo, ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa uas ntsib nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Zamoskvorechye. Director thiab kes duab vajtse ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov huab tais Ivan III tau tsa lub peev xwm Italian fortifier. Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm qhov chaw, nws yog xws li Anton Fryazin. Tshiab Kremlin twb ua nyob rau hauv ua sawv, lub qub chaw tiv thaiv ntawm lub kaum plaub xyoo pua, hloov los ntawm tshiab. Tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub tsev npaj nws sab qab teb phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress, raws li cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog. Thiab Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin twb nyob nruj me ntsis nyob rau nws lub nruab nrab. Nws siab complied nrog tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm fortification ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Hauv nws tau nyob zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qho chaw - thiab qhov no fact muab nws ib lub npe. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub qab daus yog ib tug pub leejtwg underground nkag tau mus rau lub Moscow River. Ntauwd muaj lub rooj vag nkag thiab lub ntws strelnitsa nrog ib tug lifting mechanism.

Architectural nta thiab keeb kwm kom paub meej

Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin yog txawv rigor thiab conciseness ntawm lawv architectural cov ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj txhua yam uas koj yuav tsum tau ua lub zog ntawm fortification, thiab muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous. Lwm nthuav qhov tseeb yog tias qhov no yog thawj lub tsev ntawm cov Moscow Kremlin, qhov twg lub Italian kes duab vajtse ua hauj lwm raws li cov thawj tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas hlawv liab cib. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua nyob sab sauv theem ntawm tus pej thuam tau tsa canopied plaub mog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, tus pej thuam twb ciav moos thiab tswb ntauwd lub teeb liab. Nws lub luag hauj observers, lawv tau mus hu nyob rau hauv lub tswb tswb ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov hluav taws kub tam sim no ua hauj lwm. Rau ntoo Moscow general hluav taws tswb yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb. Taynitskaya ntauwd twb heev puas los ntawm bombings nyob rau hauv 1812, thaum lub sij hawm tawm los ntawm Moscow Napoleon tus pab tub rog. Tab sis peb xyoos tom qab nws tau rov qab los.

tom ntej restructuring

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau tag nrho nws cov ntau tshaj tsib-puas zaj dabneeg Taynitskaya Ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin tau yeej tsis tau siv rau nws npaj lub hom phiaj. Tsis yog nws tsis precipitate, yog tsis tsim nyog rau tua nyob rau cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm cov Battlements. Thiab txij thaum ntawd los, raws li nws poob nws fortification nqi, muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws tsos. Tau raug muab zwm rooj vag, muaj lub underground zaj rau tus dej thiab kaw qhov pub leejtwg paub zoo. Taynitskaya Ntauwd mas yuav kis tau tus txheej xwm ntawm kev cai thiab keeb kwm monument thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qhia txog yam tshiab ntawm lub Sofia embankment ntawm lub Moscow River.