Qhia - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Ib hom ntawv nyeem daim ntawv qhia txog yog tsis tshua muaj nrov nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws xovxwm los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial. Tsis self-saib ntawv tsis tau ua tsis tau nws, vim hais tias nws yuav qhib tau ib plethora ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia thiab narrative possibilities rau ib tug journalist los pab qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv lub siab tshaj plaws nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib tug tam sim no cov kev tshwm sim los yog kev muaj tiag.

Lub sij hawm "tsab ntawv ceeb toom"

Piav tshaj tsab ntawv ceeb toom yog nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Yog li ntawd, qhia - journalism yog ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog cov kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha los ntawm lub scene, uas yog, lub "ob lub qhov muag" ntawm tus neeg sau. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsim nyob rau hauv tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim hais tias nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej xwm, nws pom txhua yam piav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub sij hawm "tsab ntawv ceeb toom" nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus los ntawm cov lus Askiv ntawv ceeb toom, uas txhais tau tias "hloov". Translations ntawm no lub tswvyim nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txwv cov uas duav txhua yam ntawm tus qhia system ntaub ntawv lwm yam ntawm journalism, txij li thaum kis ntaub ntawv - tsis rau kev tsom xam lawv, nrhiav kev sib raug zoo, mus soj ntsuam qhov ua rau thiab xav tias yuav tau rau txim. Tus sau tsuas muaj qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib uas nws pom pom ib co me me tab sis tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus uas yog tsis pom mus nteg lub qhov muag, thiab los pab tus tau txais ua tau ib tug ntshiab pom ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim, ntawm cov neeg tam sim no nyob rau scene neeg txog cov ib puag ncig.

Keeb kwm reportage

Nyob rau hauv nws thawj zaug nqi qhia - nws sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg mus, cov neeg uas tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub commission ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Vajtswv, uas tsis muaj kev raug xwm txheej, thiab lwm yam Nws tsis yog ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm journalism, thiab, ib tug yuav hais tias, tau yug los ua ntej nws, ua ntej .. yuav ua li cas nws twb tsim rau hauv ib tug coherent system.

Ib qho ntawm thawj creators ntawm unwitting reportage yog ib tug ancient Greek tus paub txog thiab traveler Herodotus, uas explored Asia muaj hnub nyoog, cov Balkans thiab lub Middle East. Nws sau txhua yam uas nws pom. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tom qab lees paub rau cov coj hauv lub magazine hais tias, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog cov dab neeg.

Nrog lub advent ntawm lub printing xovxwm hloov tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Nws twb yuav luag tsim ib hom ntawv nyeem uas neeg sau xov xwm kho tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv ces cov ntawv xov xwm ua hauj lwm muaj txoj cai mus kev sib txoos ntawm Parliament thiab impart cov lus qhia "los ntawm lub scene." Reporters hnov shorthand ntaub ntawv, sau ntawv txog lub rooj sib tham koom, cov cua thiab cov coj sau cov ntaub ntawv uas, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm reportage.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv America thiab cov teb chaws Europe yog tus "golden hnub nyoog" zaj dabneeg. Ib hom ntawv nyeem thaum kawg coj zoo thiab tau niaj hnub no nta. Sau xov xwm tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus ncig teb chaws mus rau hauv lub tsis paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw (forests, jungles), raws li zoo raws li lub mysteries ntawm lub surrounding haiv neeg, feem ntau egregious teeb meem txhaum cai hais tias nws yog yooj yim yuav yaws. Uilyam sted, Nellie Bly, Genri Stenli - cov no yog cov cia li ib tug ob peb sau xov xwm uas tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm "reportage". Cov no yog cov tiag tiag masters ntawm lawv khoom siv tes ua, feem ntau xav ua kom tau nyuab kauj ruam txheeb tawm tej teeb meem.

hom qhia

Cov feem ntau cov tawm yam ntxwv thiab nquag hom ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem xws li kev tshwm sim kev pab them nqi, tshwj xeeb qhia, qhia, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab qhia, tawm tswv yim.

Cov kev tshwm sim qhia - qhov no yog zaj dabneeg ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab ceev leej twg, raws li zoo li cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv uas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv puab qab, thiab tsis tsuas yog ib tug hauj lwm. Tus sau tsis qhia txhua yam uas nws pom. Nws yuav tsum tau los khaws cov feem ntau cov tawm cov lus tseeb thiab lub sijhawm uas nws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nyob rau hauv no Daim ntawv qhia txog - tsim ib tug "muaj cov nyhuv".

Tshwj xeeb daim ntawv qhia - nws zoo, yuav txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, raws li tau zoo raws li cov neeg tuaj saib muaj cuab kav nrog tau ntawm tej teeb meem no.

Reportage, kev tshawb nrhiav yuav tau cov lus qhia txog ib co problematic mob los ntawm ntau yam qhov chaw, siv sib tham hais tag nrho cov duab ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim.

Daim ntawv qhia txog-saib teem rau lub ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshawb txog ntawm ib sab ntawm cov txheej xwm tau piav. Tus sau yuav tsum raug to taub thiab piav qhia txog txhua yam.

Muaj nuj nqi, kwv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qhia

Nws yog los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov tsis yog tsim nyog los tuab yam journalistic ib hom ntawv nyeem. Yog li, cov kev kawm ntawm qhia ua teeb meem loj tshwm sim, uas yuav ua tau nthuav rau pej xeem. Cov kev ua yog mus rau cov hloov copyright ntawm impressions, ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim. Txoj kev - lub tsim ntawm tus neeg ntawm "muaj cov nyhuv".

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm reportage

Yuav kom sau ib tug ntse tsab ntawv ceeb toom, uas yuav tsum tau nthuav mus nyeem, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ib tug tej yam qauv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab faib ua peb qhov chaw: hauv lub exposition ntawm kev txiav txim (yuav tsum muaj xws li attracting cov xim ntawm ib tug kaj tshwm sim), qhov tseem ceeb (piav qhia txog dab tsi yog tshwm sim) thiab cov ntsiab ntawm cov qhia (tus sau txoj kev xav rau cov kev tshwm sim nws cov lus). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias daim ntawv qhia - nws tsis yog ib qho analytical ib hom ntawv nyeem, li ntawd, lub journalist thaum sau cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tsis txhob saib rau qhov ua rau, kev sib raug zoo thiab ua txoj hau kev yuav.