Kev cai lij choj, State thiab kev cai lij choj
Protectionism. Ntsuas ntawm lub xeev protectionism hais txog ntawd?
Txhua lub xeev uas xav nyob ua ib ke, yuav tsum saib xyuas ntawm nyiaj txiag feem ntawm lub neej. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws mechanisms yog protectionism.
Yuav ua li cas yog protectionism?
Yog li ntawd-hu ua economic kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov domestic kev ua lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws yog shielded los ntawm txawv teb chaws ntawm txawv teb chaws cov khoom rau hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd ua lub nce qib ntawm exports los ntawm nce lub competitiveness ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws ciaj uas muag. Nrog kom txoj cai no translates rau hauv nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob.
Tab sis kuj muaj ib tug tsis zoo lub xeev protectionism. Nws tus nqi yuav hloov nyob rau diametrically opposite nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag, yog hais unceremoniously rub daim pam tshaj nws tus kheej, raws li qhov no yuav ua pauj los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.
Yog vim li cas protectionism yog ua?
Qhov ntawd qhia rau peb zaj dab neeg?
teeb meem
Tseem ceeb theoretical teeb meem yog xaiv li cas yog zoo dua - protectionism los yog free trade. Yog li, qhov zoo ntawm cov thawj yog hais tias nws tso cai rau koj los tsim lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Dawb lag luam yuav khav hais tias yog muab piv cov nqi ntawm cov teb chaws nrog lub thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab qhov kawg yog tsis pom ntug ntawm kev sis caav txog dab tsi yog zoo dua.
Yog hais tias peb xav txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no qhov teeb meem, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias ua ntej mus rau lub 70-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub ntiaj teb no maj pib los pab txhawb free trade thiab liberalization intensified. Tab sis txij thaum tas qhov opposite sib. Yog li, lub xeev kaw lawv tus kheej tawm ntawm lwm tus neeg siv sophisticated tariffs thiab ntau yam teeb meem tiv thaiv nws cov kev khwv nyiaj txiag los ntawm txawv teb chaws sib tw.
hom kev tiv thaiv
- Real-lub sij hawm kev tiv thaiv. Siv rau fencing los ntawm txawv teb chaws sib tw ntawm industries uas yog xaiv yaam tseem ceeb rau lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag (ua liaj ua teb, tiv thaiv kev lag luam), nws muaj ib tug tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb lub sijhawm (xws li tsov rog).
- Ib Ntus kev tiv thaiv. Siv rau vij lub fishery khoom uas hais tias tau ntev los no tau tsim, kom txog rau thaum lawv ua thiaj li ruaj khov hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau ntse sib tw nrog zoo xws li cov chaw ntawm lwm lub xeev.
Nws kuj yuav coj cov uas tsim nyog ntsuas, yog trading nrog ib tug neeg tau ua tswvcuab tej protectionist txwv tsis pub rau lawv ib feem. Qhia tau meej heev xeev protectionism - nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas uas yog yuav luag ib txwm entails cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hom ntawm cov zis yuav ua tau dag mus yuav domestic khoom tsis activating tej kev txwv.
ntaub ntawv ntawm protectionism
Nyob rau hauv dab tsi daim ntawv nws muaj peev xwm nyob? Muaj plaub cov ntaub ntawv:
- Selective protectionism. Nws txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ib qho kev cov khoom / lub xeev.
- Kev lag luam protectionism. Cov muaj xws li cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej qhov chaw ntawm economic lub neej (piv txwv li, ua liaj ua teb).
- Collective protectionism. Qhov no yog hais txog mus rau lub kev sib nrig sib tiv thaiv ntawm ntau lub teb chaws uas tau koom nyob rau hauv ib tug alliance.
- Thaum protectionism. Nws yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv, thaum lub sij hawm uas tsis siv kev cai txoj kev, xws li cov neeg uas tsim kho lub domestic chaw tsim tshuaj paus.
niaj hnub protectionism
Hais txog tariff txwv, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias muaj tsuas yog cov hauj lwm thiab quotas. Hais tias yog tag nrho rau hauv lub xeev protectionism ntsuas muaj xws li thiab tsis muaj ib tug yog nkaum. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog teem rau hais tias, kom tswj tau tuaj txawv teb chaws. Tab sis mus rau lub xeev protectionism thiab uas tsis yog-tariff ntsuas muaj xws li cov kev txwv. Nws yog hais txog quotas, daim ntawv tso cai, tsoom fwv ceev, lub ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub zos lub Cheebtsam, kev nqi, se thiab cov nqi rau cov uas tsis yog-neeg uas nyob, dumping, subsidies thiab export credits. Nws yog meant rau ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub xeev protectionism. Nws hlub lawv thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm me me Cheebtsam ntawm tseem ceeb tab sis vim yog lub rarity ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab tseem, lawv yuav tsum tau rho nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, peb yuav hais tias mus rau lub xeev protectionism thiab ntsuas muaj xws li lub imposition ntawm kev nplua nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lwm cov teb chaws. Tab sis qhov no yog ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas pom zoo tsis tau.
State protectionism nyob rau hauv Russia: tam sim no qhov teeb meem no thiab zeem muag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob
Raws li cov kev lis kev cai thiab tariff kev cai nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg uas nqa tawm cov kev taw qhia tshiab technologies uas ua rau nws ua tau kom zoo dua thawj coj thiab saib xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm affairs. Nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-tariff teb no yog expanding cov kev siv ntawm caag nyob rau hauv kev tswj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj siab rau lub export ntawm high-tech kev pab, cov khoom thiab technologies.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov nuj nqis tsub kom nrog lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo qaug ntawm lub peev xwm hauj lwm zoo ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb. Innovation txoj cai yuav tsum muaj xws li cov creation ntawm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas loj hlob thiab tsim active qhia txog cov peev uas yog aimed ntawm plaug khoom thiab dab tshiab zoo. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov no yuav tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub neej.
Tseem ceeb kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nws yog los pab txhawb me me thiab medium-qhov loj qhov lag luam. Koj muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm los txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov thawj tswj tej, simplification ntawm documentary muaj dab (ntawv sau npe thiab kaw ib lub lag luam), txo daim ntawv teev cov kev ua ub no uas yuav tsum tau daim ntawv tso cai. Thaum kawg, qhov yuav tsum tau rau siab ntso los tsim ib qho txaus nyiam peev ib puag ncig. Tsis kawg los ntawm kev txo lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov nyiaj ua se tsim txom rau cov lag luam. Thaum peb hais tsis tau hais tias qhov no nam yog mus rau lub xeev protectionism ntsuas muaj xws li.
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