Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau Stephenson thiab Cherepanovs

Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau Stephenson thiab Cherepanovs ua ib tug loj txhob nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm technology. Cov no yog cov thawj pab kiag li lawm uas tau siv raws li lub traction quab yuam u rau railways. Feeb ntau, cov thawj chav tshem ciav hlau nyob ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm cov lus Askiv engineer George Stephenson.

Ob peb chav xyaw nws tsim rau 14 xyoo - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1814 mus 1828. lawv tag nrho cov pib khiav rau me me kab, hais txog lub industrial qhauj.

Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau Stephenson thiab Cherepanovs muaj loj shortcomings. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los ua ib tug hauj lwm tshem ciav hlau. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1825, Stephenson ncaav thawj tshem ciav hlau cog rau hauv Darlington, qhov twg tshem ciav hlau "Lokomoshen" ua tau, uas yog pib los ntawm Stoleon-Darlington railway. Zoo heev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub railway yog tus impetus rau coob leej ntau tus railways thiab tshem ciav hlau nroj tsuag.

Ib tug qauv rau lub tom ntej chav locomotives ua "Foob pob ua ntxaij" - chav tshem ciav hlau ua los ntawm Stephenson nyob rau hauv 1829. Tom qab tsib xyoo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Vyisky cog kws kho tsheb Mironom Efimovichem Cherepanovym ua lub thawj domestic "av nkoj", los yog lub tsheb ciav hlau, yog nkaus los ntawm domestic cov ntaub ntawv. Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau Stephenson thiab Cherepanovs pib mus nce chaw thiab credibility.

Tom qab 6 xyoo, qhov kev siv ntawm lub thib ob tshem ciav hlau. Nws yog loj dua nws cov thawj vim tus muaj zog boiler, ntsig txog, ntau haib.

Tsis ntev lub xeem txoj kev qhov twg experimented nrog lawv locomotives Cherepanov, twb rhuav ntawm cov teg num ntawm lub koom haum cog lus nees carting, uas lub tsheb ciav hlau tsim kho yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsim.

Tsis ntev tom qab ua hauj lwm pib rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub railway lawv ntawm Tsarskoye selo thiab St. Petersburg. Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau Stephenson thiab Cherepanovs ua tau lub ntxiv ua hauj lwm rau equip lub Lavxias teb sab territories railways. Cov hauj lwm twb saib xyuas Frants Gersner, ib tug Austrian engineer. Nws yog me ntsis txog cov lub ntaus ntawv ntawm railways nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Belgium, thiab ntseeg hais tias cov dav ntawm txoj kev khiav nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsis pub kom tsim ntau npaum tsim locomotives. Yog li ntawd nws tau xaiv ib tug dav khiav thiab remade nyob rau hauv nws compositions, commissioned nyob rau hauv ces thiab Belgium.

Gerstner xav kom paub meej tias locomotives twb tau mus nqa ib co neeg nrog caij tsheb, nruj 300 neeg caij tsheb. Los ntawm 1837 chav tshem ciav hlau yuav tsav ib feem 23 ntawm lub tsheb. Coob uas xam nrog coj 12 wagons, thiab tus so tau muab rau nraum chaw thau khoom ntawm tsiaj txhu.

Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tsheb ciav hlau shuttled tsis tu ncua ntawm Kuzmin thiab Pavlovsk zos. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1837 tus neeg pej xeem nrog qhib ntawm lub Tsarskoye selo railway. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub sij hawm u khiav xwb nyob rau cov hnub caiv.

Apparatus tshem ciav hlau rub 2 lub tog raj kheej. Txhua yam ntawm tus thawj locomotives, taug kev Tsarskoye selo txoj kev, muaj lub npe. "Agile", "Hercules", "Ntxhw", "Boom", "tsov", "Dav dawb hau". Tom qab ntawd lub npe twb hloov los ntawm ib tug series ntawm numbered thiab lettered.

Qhov thib ob railway ua tau ntawm Warsaw thiab lub Austrian ciam teb. Qhov ntev ntawm no feem yog 308 km. Txoj kev ua tau nrog rau cov kev siv ntawm Stephenson gauge. Rau no railway kom txog rau thaum 1901 muaj tsuas yog txawv teb chaws locomotives.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau thauj nyob rau hauv Russia yog kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev loj los ntawm Moscow rau St. Petersburg. Ntawm no rau cov thawj lub sij hawm qhia ntau rau tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab railways uas tau ua tom qab, regularity khiav txoj kev muaj ib tug dav ntawm 5 ko taw. Tswv yim txog kev xws li ib arrangement tau ua yog los ntawm Lavxias teb engineers, los yog pab tswv yim los ntawm America. Qhov no kev xaiv zoo tej zaum yuav tau piav los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg xav txog kev teem los yog yooj yim dav round tooj.

Railway siv yog ib tug loj laub rau Russia mus ntxiv muaj kev kawm. Tus thawj tshem ciav hlau nyob rau hauv Russia yog tus loj tshaj kev kawm, ib tug tshiab era.