Pre-school pedagogy thiab nws txoj hauj lwm hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej

Thaum peb tham txog pedagogy, yog vim li cas peb xav tias yog ib tug xibfwb qhia ntawv nruj nrog tsom iav thiab ib tus pointer hauv nws txhais tes los yog ib tus xibfwb hauv Grey tham txog kev txawj ntse ntawm kev kawm. Tab sis pedagogy tsis tsuas yog tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm thiab tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog preschool pedagogy.

Preschool pedagogy yog ib ceg ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv uas muaj feem xyuam nrog txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm preschool. Ntawd yog, nws yog lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj li cov kev cai rau cov xib fwb qhia ntawv ua ntej yog tsev kawm ntawv heev, heev.

Thiab kuv pib tsim pre-tsev kawm ntawv pedagogy raws li ib tug science nyob rau hauv tus ntawm zoo-paub paub txog-kawm, yog ib lub "poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm pedagogy, Yana Amosa Comenius. Nws yog thawj thawj coj los xav txog qhov tseeb uas cov menyuam xav tau, raws li peb xav hais, "koom nrog" txij thaum yug los, hais tias tsuas yog ib qho kev coj ua rau kev kawm thiab kev kawm tau tsim nyog. Tag nrho nws cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm preschool pedagogy, nws functions thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tus, nws tau teev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Niam Tsev", uas tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv peb lub hnub.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm preschool pedagogy yog cov ntau heev. Ua ntej, nws yog txoj kev kawm thiab kev txhim kho kev txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam yau. Ob, preschool pedagogy koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev kawm ntawv, thiab kev kawm, uas yuav tshawb fawb kev ua ub no, kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev kawm hlw kom qis thiab thwmsim. Tab sis lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov takii yog mus ua hauj lwm ncaj nraim nrog tus me nyuam, tus tsim ntawm nws views, kev ntseeg, kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm, muaj peev xwm mus qhia tus kheej, nteg lub lub hauv paus rau ntxiv kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm.

Yav dhau los muaj ib lub tswv yim tias tus menyuam yuav tsum raug tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li qhov uas nws yuav zoo, "tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog xwm", thiab cov xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav kho txhua yam. Ntawm no yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis saib xyuas cov menyuam hauv feem coob. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev xav, vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv psychology thiab pedagogy, txaus siab tau nce nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas tam sim no peb yuav tham txog cov theem ntawm tsim ntawm tus neeg, pib thaum yug, preschool pedagogy tau ua ib feem ntawm lub neej ntawm tej haiv neeg cheloecheskogo. Nws tsim sai heev nyob rau hauv lig 19th - 20th centuries. Tshwj xeeb cawv rau nws txoj kev loj hlob muaj Zh.Zh.Russo, uas paub txoj kev nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub tswv yim ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev kawm ntawv, ua hauj lwm rau kev kawm ntawv; Pestalozzi, leej twg tshaj tawm txog txoj cai ntawm nws tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob, FVFrebel, uas dhau los ua ib tug theoretician ntawm preschool kev kawm, devoted ib feem ntawm nws cov kev ua haujlwm rau cov kev pabcuam ntawm qhov teebmeem. Nws Froebel qhib thawj nyob rau hauv 1840, pre-tsev kawm ntawv, uas ris lub npe ntawm tus Kindergarten (lus nrog Nemec - kindergarten), qhov chaw uas lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm ntawv pom tau hais tias modeling, lub luag hauj lwm-playing thiab tsim kev ua si.

Pre-school pedagogy tsim tsis yog vim cov Western luminaries. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob yog tsim los ntawm Russians. Piv txwv li, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, uas yog hu ua xib fwb ntawm cov xib fwb, tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev rau kev cob qhia ntawm cov xib fwb, uas tau siv rau hnub no hauv ib qho me ntsis ntxiv. Ushinsky advocated ib tug holistic thiab harmonious kev loj hlob ntawm cwm pwm, rau tsis ua hauj lwm rau prioritize txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej yeeb yam zoo tshaj lwm leej lwm tus, rau qhov kev kawm ntawv ntawm morality.

Kev hais lus ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ua ntej, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Adelaid Semenovna Simonovich. Nws tsis yog tus kws saib xyuas kev kawm ntawm preschool (nws tau sau phau ntawv "Practical notes on the individual and public education ntawm cov menyuam yaus", tom qab ntawd tau tshaj tawm "Kindergarten"), tab sis kuj yog tus kws kho mob - ua haujlwm hauv cov kindergartens ntawm Tiflis thiab Petersburg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tus kheej qhib lub tsev kawm qib Kindergarten hauv St. Petersburg, uas nyob hauv kev xyaum nws ua nws cov kwv yees hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom tes ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig.

Raws li koj pom tau, preschool pedagogy tau ploj mus ntev thiab hnub no tus txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob muaj nyob rau hauv kev kawm.