Trombone, suab paj nruas ntsuas: ib tug yees duab, ib tug piav qhia ntawm

Ib yam li lwm symphony orchestra seev, trombone - ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb suab thiab nthuav keeb kwm. Nws yog ib tug tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm lub symphony orchestra thiab jazz bands, tab sis xws li ib tug sab lub hom phiaj yog tsis ib txwm - nws twb preceded by centuries lub vos daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhim kho.

keeb kwm

Txhais los ntawm lub Italian thiab Fabkis «trombone» - loj raj los yog ib tug loj cov yeeb nkab. Lub npe "trombone" pib yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance nyob rau hauv lub XV caug xyoo. Lawv sawv cev rau dag nrog scenes, uas tso cai rau koj los mus ua kom lub twj paj nruag suab ntau tsawg thiab hollow.

Lub forerunner ntawm cov suab paj nruas ntsuas lub trombone nyob rau hauv lub ua tim khawv rau lub Renaissance thiab cov Baroque yog sakbut. Ob nqe lus tau ntev tau siv raws li txhais, tab sis tsau thiab supersedes tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg tom qab tus XVII caug xyoo, lub sij hawm "trombone".

Timbre thiab cov hauj lwm

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus trombone? Suab paj nruas ntsuas, ib tug piav qhia uas yuav tsum tau pom twb nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua, nws tau hloov txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm yog tsis heev npaum li cas. Nws yog ib tug muab ob npaug rau bent raj nrog ib tug movable theem. Kawg nws nkag mus rau hauv lub khob hliav qab. raj ntev - peb meters, txoj kab uas hla - 1.5 cm. obligatory rau tag nrho cov poob ib tug ncauj npog ncig sab - lub trombone nws yog loj, ib tug sib npaug tais.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab suab paj nruas ntsuas trombone stands. Tsis zoo li lwm yam dag seev, lub trombone ntau technical, tso cai rau tus hloov los ntawm daim ntawv kom nco ntsoov, ua chromatic thiab glissando.

Paub qhov txawv cov soprano, alto, tenor, ntses bass thaj tsam, contrabass ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej. Cov feem ntau siv tenor trombone.

Ntsuas khwv - G (ntsev) kontroktavy rau F (F) ntawm lub thib ob octave.

Nws lub suab - tsawg, nrov nrov thiab kom ntev, sib txawv-sounding siab thiab lowercase. Thaum lub saum toj yog ci iab thiab kaj timbre, tom qab - qhov tu siab heev thiab menacing. Vim nws timbral zoo ntawm lub trombone los ua ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas, ib tug neeg solos thiab tag nrho tej hauj lwm.

Lub mechanism ntawm lub suab ntau lawm

Bright, beckoning suab ntawm cov trombone thiab nws cov kev muaj peev xwm vim nws cov qauv. Tsis zoo li lwm yam dag, trombone muaj ib tug txuas - ib tug elongated U-zoo li tus daim uas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas. Trombone los ntawm nws acquires ntxiv kev muaj peev xwm - tej suab ntau yuav ua rau nws yooj yim mus xaub los ntawm daim ntawv kom nco ntsoov (glissando).

Nruab hnub nrig plaub thiab fifths los ntawm kev siv kvartventilya thiab kvintventilya xws tau ntaub ntawv twb tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv historic trombone.

Raws li nrog rau lwm cov tooj dag seev, hais tsis tau lus (muting) yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm lub trombone.

biblical echoes

Mention ntawm lub loj kav yog heev ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj nyob rau hauv ancient phau ntawv. Formidable trump nrog tej yam tseem ceeb thiab luam tawm cov tubtxib saum ntuj thiab archangels. Soj ntsuam biblical ntawv thiab suab paj nruag ntawm uas lub sij hawm ntseeg hais tias no lub cuab tam - hatsotsra - ib tug ancient cua, vaguely reminiscent ntawm niaj hnub trumpet thiab trombone, tab sis twb tsis muaj tis. Cuaj kaum, nws yog lub suab ntawm cov trombone nyob rau hauv ntau tej hauj lwm yog lub suab ntawm Vajtswv, thaum pib ntawm kev txiav txim lub teeb liab.

keeb kwm antecedents

Documentary ua tim khawv Rocker suab paj nruas ntsuas pom twb nyob rau hauv antiquity. Isidor thiab Virgil qhia tshwj xeeb zawv zawg raj (tuba ductills), nyob rau lub suab txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj noj ib feem. Nws kuj paub tias thaum lub sij hawm lub excavations ntawm lub Roman Pompeii nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, ob trombones, tab sis ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov kev tshawb pom muaj ntau zoo li ib tug dab neeg dua ib tug qhov tseeb accompli tau pom.

Feem ntau cov kev soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias lub ancient trombones tsis tseeb, tab sis hais txog lawv cov tsos thiab lub suab yuav tsuas yog twv.

Cov thawj nom mention ntawm trombone thiab dluab txheeb tus XV caug xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj yog tsis muaj ib qho cuab tam lub npe: sakbut (. Fr «sacquer» - luag thiab «bouter» - laub), posaunen (. Eng), tuba ductili (. Ltalis) hais nrog rau lub trombone. lawv yog cov tag nrho Attendance yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Chaw trombone nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua, yog siab txaus - nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj kev pab ua ib feem ntawm secular lossis thiab solo ntsuas. Nws yog tau tso cai ua ntaub ntawv thov rau cov solemn civil ceremonies thiab nyob rau hauv battlefield.

Consolidation nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai

Lub birthplace ntawm cov suab paj nruas ntsuas lub trombone yog xav tau lub teb chaws Yelemees los yog Ltalis. Ntawm no xub nyob masters, manufactures nyiaj trombones rau lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev hais plaub.

Nyob rau hauv XVII-XVIII centuries. trombone los ua txuam nrog lub suab paj nruag ntawm yav dhau los. Nyob khaub ncaws ntau thiab solo ntsuas, nws sawv ib leeg thiab yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub orchestra compositions. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj ntau yam composers los tsim tej hauj lwm rau lub twj paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov trombone lub suab yog lub tsev teev ntuj music nws dubbed nrog los yog hu nkauj lub suab siv rau qhov no siab register.

Classical Symphony Orchestra, tsim nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua los ntawm J. Haydn, tsis muaj xws li cov trombone. Thaj, qhov no twj tau muaj yuav laus dhau-fashioned thiab eye-catching nyob rau hauv lub harmonic suab Tutti. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm no tsis siav nws kev txhim kho.

Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhov teeb meem trombone, cuaj kaum, siv nyob rau hauv ib tug music yeeb yam. Nws lub suab tau tau ua txoj Hawj txawm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam ntawm Gluck, thiab V. A. Motsart muab nws ib tug tragic thiab txaus ntshai luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera "Don Giovanni" thiab "Requiem".

Trombone nyob rau hauv Vajtswv txoj hau kev orchestra

Introduction trombone raws li ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas nyob rau hauv ib tug symphony orchestra yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm XVIII-XIX centuries. los ntawm L. V. Bethovena. Berlioz thawj lub sij hawm muab rau nws nrog ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws solo ib feem nyob rau hauv symphonic music hais txog nws raws li ib tug noble thiab ntxim laus. Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ib feem ntawm lub orchestra yog siv, feem ntau yog ob los yog peb trombones (ob tenor thiab ntses bass thaj tsam). Orchestras Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, Brahms inconceivable tsis sonorous laus trombone thiab cov tub rog, qhov twg nws lub suab yog txuam nrog neeg tuag taus thiab menacing rog.

Lub symphonic music P. I. Chaykovskogo suab trombone symbolizes cov dluab ntawm pob zeb, Providence. Nyob rau hauv Wagner trombone, ua ke nrog rau lwm cov tooj dag lub cim hwj chim thiab unassailable quab yuam, Pob zeb dluab. Ntawv loj R. Wagner siv los qhia kev hlub lyrics ( "Tristan thiab Isolde"). Qhov no txawv txawv semantic kawg twb tseem nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.

Nrog nce paj nyob rau hauv lub trombone nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, zoo txwv yog txoj kev siv cov glissando, uas tau raug mus thov tsuas mus rau lub classics ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo - A. Schoenberg thiab Glazunov.

Trombone nyob rau hauv jazz

Jazz trombone - ib tug tshiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas. Nws pib nrog cov Dixieland era - ib tug ntawm cov thawj taw ntawm jazz suab paj nruag. Ntawm no, lub cuab tam rau cov thawj lub sij hawm pom tau hais tias raws li ib tug solo improvising, tsim countermelody thiab skillfully yeej nws. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws jazz trombonists - Glen Miller, tswvyim hais ua dabneeg Mole, Edward Kid Ory, tsim lawv tus kheej style ntawm kev ua si. Ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim txoj kev - accented ua ke ntawm ib tug neeg sau ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv glissando trombone. Nws tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb lub suab ntawm Dixieland 20s. Thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Tsaug rau ib tug jazz trombonist, jazz style txuam nrog cua seev.

Trombone suab thiab Latin American music - nws twb nce los ntawm ncig teb chaws jazz, lossis uas yog ib tug trombone solo ntsuas.

Niaj hnub nimno possibilities ntawm ntau yam trombone - mus ua classical music rau lub suab ntawm jazz, pob zeb, thiab lwm tus yeej thiab cov lus qhia. Kev siv cov no lub cuab tam yog ua muaj tswv yim ntau thiab nthuav, thiab qhov chaw trombonist nyob rau hauv ib tug orchestra los yog cov khaub ncaws ntau - tag nrho cov ntau zoo ua luaj.