Immaculate conception nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab hauv tib neeg

Kab mob hauv lub cev, los yog parthenogenesis, yog kev hloov kho ntawm kev sib deev, thaum tus poj niam gamete pib tsim rau ib tus neeg tshiab tsis tau koom nrog txiv neej gamete rau fertilization. Parthenogenetic kev luam tawm yog thoob plaws hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tsiaj, nroj tsuag, thiab feem ntau nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nce tus nqi ntawm luam.

Parthenogenesis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov nroj tsuag

Immaculate conception yog ob hom - haploid thiab diploid parthenogenesis, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus chromosomes hauv gamete ntawm tus poj niam. Nyob rau hauv ntau kab, nyob rau hauv kev, rau ants, wasps thiab bees, raws li ib qho ntawm cov thawj hom luam, sib txawv cov zej zog ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim. Nrog haploid parthenogenesis, meiosis tshwm sim thiab haploid gametes raug tsim. Ntawm cov qe fertilized, diploid pojniam tuaj yeem tsim muaj, thiab unfertilized ovules tsim haploid fertile caug. Nyob rau hauv lub zib mu Bee, piv txwv li, lub uterus lays xws li fertilized qe uas muab cov pojniam (ua hauj lwm cov neeg, uterus), thiab unfertilized qe muab txiv neej (drones). Xws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim tshuaj nyob rau hauv kab ua si lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb, vim hais tias nws yuav tswj cov tsos ntawm offspring nyob ntawm seb hom gametes.

Diploid parthenogenesis tshwm sim hauv cov aphids. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, poj niam oocytes yauv ua ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm meiosis - cov chromosomes tsis diverge, tab sis dhau mus rau hauv lub qe ntawm tes, tsis muaj cov chromosomes muaj cov ncov qaumteb qabteb. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe yog kwv nyob rau hauv lub naim li lub cev, cov tub ntxhais yug tshiab muaj siab ua thiab tsis hatch ntawm lub qe. Txoj kev ua neej nyob no tseem muaj ntau tiam neeg, txog thaum lub cell tshwm muaj qhov X chromosome thiab tag nrho cov autosomes. Parthenogenetic txiv neej tsim los ntawm nws. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm partogenesis rau aphids yog kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov pejxeem, vim hais tias nws cov neeg paub tab sis kev paub tab yuav nteg qe.

"Immaculate conception" nyob rau hauv ntau hom yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hu ua apomixis yog parthenogenesis, simulating kev sib deev tu tub tu kiv. Daim ntawv no ntawm kev pom zoo muaj nyob rau hauv tus neeg cog ntoo, lawv lub diploid cell tsim mus rau hauv tag nrho embryo tsis koom tes ntawm gamete ntawm ib tug txiv neej. Lwm tus neeg mob yuav tsum muaj paj ntoos npua stimulating parthenogenesis; Pollen grain tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsim nyog rau cov tsos ntawm embryo, thiab xws li tus mob yog yuav luag tib yam rau kev sib deev reproduction.

Parthenogenesis nyob rau hauv tib neeg

Cov kws paub txog cov kws kho mob tau paub zoo tias thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov, muaj teeb meem ntxhov siab thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg mob, qe cell ntawm tus poj niam tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem faib, txawm tias nws tsis fertilized. Muaj ib qho kev xav hais tias yog ib tug poj niam npaj siab xeeb tub, nws tsuas kav tau ib lub sijhawm hauv da dej, thiab lub qe activates tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv lub cev, tab sis, feem ntau, nws tsis siv tau thiab yuav sai sai no tuag.

Lub npaj txhij-tim fertilized qe muaj 23 chromosomes uas txiav txim nrog txiv neej pw.

"Immaculate conception" tshwm sim thaum tus poj niam mature chromosomes tau muab faib ua ob kab, ua tus qe 46 chromosomes, tsim nyog rau yug me nyuam tshiab. Tom qab no, txheej txheem ntawm fragmentation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo, tab sis tsuas yog poj niam txiv neej, pib.

Raws li cov kws kho mob, parthenogenesis hauv tib neeg tshwm sim thaum muaj kab mob nyob hauv lub cev ntawm kab, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus rau tib neeg lub cev, ua rau txoj kev faib ntawm lub qe thiab tsim ntawm lub embryo. Cov kab mob tua cov txiv neej embryos los yog hloov cov poj niam embryos.

Twb kaw ntau qhov chaw uas lub hauv pem teb ntawm tus tib neeg embryo tau hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm huab lub sijhawm los yog nyob rau hauv kub climates, yeej hloov mus poj niam, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus nws yeej tsis tshwm sim rau cov txiv neej embryo.

Ua ntej, qhov no tshwm sim tsis hnov ntawm tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lo lus "parthenogenesis" tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Cov Khixatia tau xav tias "lub ntsiab lus" ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb yog Mary. Thiab hais tias nws yuav yog ib qho kev xeeb tub, nws yeej tsis tau tshwm sim rau leej twg.