Peb txhais tau ib hom ntawv nyeem: "Lefty" - ib tug xwm txheej no los yog ib tug taleas?

Nikolay Semenovich Leskov nyob thiab tuag misunderstood thiab unrecognized txawj sau ntawv. Nws txawj biography hloov zuj zuj ces tsis zoo. Ib tug loj loj txuj ci tias nws yog zoo paub, thiab tom ntej no - ib tug ua tiav tsis txog txoj cai-tis thiab sab laug-tis critics. Nws yog lawv leej twg tsim lub nyeem pej xeem lub tswv yim hais txog NS Leskov raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv txheej.

Literary kev ua si (luv luv)

Nikolai Leskov Ameslikas luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland", cim nyob rau hauv loj magazine, uas tuaj tawm yuav luag 70 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm AA Krajewski magazine coj Western mas orientation, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lawv muaj lub NA Nekrasov thiab KUV Saltykov-Shchedrin - lub revolutionary-kev ywj pheej sib. Leskov tsis pom zoo ntawm lub extremes, thiab critics ntawm tag nrho cov kab txaij thiab tuav nws, thiab sab laug thiab txoj cai. Lub sab laug, tom qab "nowhere" tshiab ntaus nqi Leskov anti-kev ywj pheej views. Txoj cai (AA Katkov) tom qab tus tshiab "ntawm loggerheads" demanded ntau dua adaptation mus rau lawv cov kev txaus siab. Ib tug NS Leskov xav mus ua hauj lwm dawb do tsis muaj pointers. Nws twb tsis yog yuav mus zoo li leej twg. Thiab nws luam tawm ib tug me me inconspicuous ntawv. Kws ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv nws tus tub nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm oblivion. Tolstoy hu ua nws "lub feem ntau Lavxias teb sab ntawm peb cov txawj sau ntawv," tab sis nws yog tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nikolai Leskov. Nyob rau hauv 1881, ib tug luv luv zaj dabneeg attracted rau ib tug thaum dua ambiguous xim rau cov txawj sau ntawv. Nws muaj ib tug heev txawv txawv ib hom ntawv nyeem. "Lefty" yog lawm ua tus sau nrog xws li ib tug masterly hais lus hais tias nws twb tau txais nrog sov xwb, yog hais tias tsis ironically.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Nyob rau hauv 1881, peb tej teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv journal "Russia" muaj ib zaj dabneeg tshiab txawj sau ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1882 - raws li ib tug phau ntawv tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm koos. Ntxuav thiab essence yog ntse, tab sis tsis tau hloov ib hom ntawv nyeem. "Lefty" - ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm tragic. Hais tias yog dab tsi peb saib nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog nrog los ntawm kev tso dag thiab lus sib dhos, Mangling lus, tab sis qhov no yog nyob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. "Lefty" - ib zaj dab neeg, hnov Leskov los ntawm cov laus gunsmith, uas los ntawm Tula, Sestroretsk. Nyob qhov twg tau txais ib tug dab neeg txog cov kev sib tw ntawm peb masters lus Askiv zoo, nws tsis paub. Tab sis, Thaj, nws tuaj ntawm, los yog Tula, los yog Izhmy los yog los ntawm Sestroretsk. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub taleas (ib hom ntawv nyeem) "Lefty" txo nws hwj mus txajmuag neeg txawv teb chaws nrog rau lawv cov kev txawj ntse. Qhov no - qhov kev txaus siab ntawm peb Lavxias teb sab caj npab manufacturers. Nyob rau hauv tib zaj dab neeg, nws puv tawm ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau peb cov swb nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ua tsov ua rog.

nrov mythology

Cov zaj dab neeg "Lefty" ib hom ntawv nyeem yog heev qub. Nws peculiarity yog tias nws tsis yog ib txwm tseeb rau dab tsi tus neeg nyob rau hauv lo lus nug. Tab sis los ntawm thaum pib cov lus yog pleev xim rau heev peculiar. Qhov no yog raug rau tag nrho cov Leskov. Nws cov lus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm virtuoso thiab lace zaum hiab khawv koob ntawm cov lo lus. Lub "Lefty" vim hais tias nws siv zaj dab neeg pleev xim rau kev lom zem thiab qee. Kws ntawv, raws li cov txawj nyeem ntawv xav qhia pej xeem dab neeg. Nws yuav luag peb caug xyoo, supplemented nrog xaiv thiab speculation. Tus kws sau ntawv hais tias ua ntej txog Lefty (lub cim tseem ceeb thiab nws cov deeds) tsis muaj ib tug hnov nws tag nrho nws cov ntawv tseeb. Qhov no dag yog tsim nyog rau cov kws ntawv yog raws li yog hais tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov zaj dab neeg "Lefty." Ib hom ntawv nyeem tej hauj lwm uas cog noob xws li ib mus kom ze.

Cov mus xyuas ntawm lub Emperor Alexander kuv nyob rau hauv ces

Cov thawj peb tshooj qhia yuav ua li cas huab tais tom qab lub Congress of Vienna xyuas txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws, nrog los ntawm ib tug yeej muaj tseeb patriot, Ataman ntawm lub Don Cossacks Platov. English ntau tshaj lwm leej lwm tus ua los ua pov thawj hais tias lawv yog superior nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws txee ntawm curiosities Englishmen tsom txawv cov tub rog kiag li lawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo heev yog pistoles tsis paub hais tias tus tswv. Alexander tag nrho Akhal thiab xav tsis thoob. Platov coj otvertochku, muab nyob rau hauv lub xauv pistols, thiab nyob rau hauv nws yog ib tug kos npe rau hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab tswv nyob rau hauv Tula. Ua luaj txaj muag lub British thiab qhia nyob rau hauv tinyscope windup dev mub, uas ua las voos ib quadrille. Sovereign yuav nws ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj, thiab them nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig nrees enraged rau Evermore. Yog li ntawd pib zaj dab neeg Leskov. "Lefty", ib hom ntawv nyeem uas twb tau txiav txim los ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev hais lus, txuas ntxiv kom muaj cov nyhuv hauv Russia.

Raws li cov tub txib thiab tuaj rau Tula, thiab ces mus rau St. Petersburg

Ntev los yog khiav luv luv lub sij hawm, tab sis coj Ataman Platov dev mub Tula thiab kom cov feem ntau keej craftsmen rau tshaj lub peev xwm ntawm lub British. Platov tau mus rau lub Don, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev rov qab txiav txim siab mus de ib yam dab tsi uas yuav ua rau craftsmen. Tom qab thov Vajtswv, lawv muab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zoo kawg secrecy. Tsuas thiab kuv yuav hnov lub tapping nrog lub hammers. Rov qab los ntawm lub Don Platov coj lub thawv nrog dev mub. Nws pom hais tias nws yog raws nraim tib yam li nws yog. Npau taws Ataman thiab coj raws oblique Lefty. Huab tais Nicholas kuv xam tau tias yog nws nyob rau hauv tinyscope thiab pom hais tias nws tsuas yog lus dag thiab hwj txwv wiggles. Lawv dragged qab Lefty curls, thiab nws piav qhia hais tias ib tug dev mub yog tsim nyog los saib cov haib tshaj tinyscope. Nicholas ntsia thiab pom ib tug horseshoe rau txhua dev mub ko taw. Nws puag qias neeg wizard, nwj kiag thiab hais rau nws mus mus ces. Yog hais tias koj nug: "zaj dab neeg" Lefty "yog ib hom ntawv nyeem", lo lus teb yog hais tias lub style ntawm cov dab neeg no. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - cov ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm cov masters ntawm cunning, tab sis nws yog meaningless. Qhov no scene narrative pab kiag li lawm, uas nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd muaj ib tug heev txawv txawv xim lus.

Nyob rau hauv ces thiab rov nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Nyob rau hauv London, peb soj ntsuam cov dev mub thiab sau txog nws kleveton (lub union ntawm ob lo lus: lampoon thiab hais lus phem). Lefty sim yaum kom nyob twj ywm, tab sis nws soj ntsuam lawv cov caj npab factories, rushed tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, thiab sab laug-hander podshkiper txheej txheem sib txeeb ib tug - uas yuav perepet, thiab thaum twg lub nkoj tsaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm St. Petersburg, ib tug qaug dej qaug cawv Lefty ces coj mus rau cov tub ceev xwm chaw nres tsheb thiab ces coj mus rau lub tsev kho mob liab qab nyob rau hauv lub txias rau lub poorest. Thaum Lefty tuag, nws cov lus kawg yog: "Qhia rau cov huab tais, uas rab phom tsis tau ntxuav bricks. Lawv yog cov los ntawm no mus rau lub shooting yog tsis haum. " Nrog cov lus no nws tuag. Thiab nws cov lus tsis pauv mus rau tus huab tais - muaj tsis muaj dab tsi tshuav-hander nyob rau hauv lub xeev affairs los cuam tshuam.

Nikolai Leskov sau nws zaj los hais tias peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab cov kev cai, uas yog heev yuav lub teb chaws ntsuj plig. Bast zaj dabneeg hais Leskov ( "Lefty"). Ib hom ntawv nyeem ua hauj lwm txawj sau ntawv Nws hu ua lub taleas. Nws yog ib co stylized, tab sis muaj ib tug heev loj lub ntsiab lus, patriotic thiab iab, zoo li thiaj li npaum li cas ntxiv uas nws tau sau ib tug tswv ntawm lo lus, NS Leskov.