Mayakovsky lub creativity. Satire nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Mayakovsky

Tsis muaj lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam tsis abound nrog irony thiab ridicule, raws li cov kev ua hauj lwm Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo. Satire txawj sau ntawv unusually ntse, tshuaj pleev thiab feem ntau cov kev sib raug aims.

Biographical ntaub ntawv

Mayakovsky yog lub tsev mus rau Georgia. Nws yog muaj, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Baghdad, thiab yug nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 17, 1893 lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug. Nyob rau hauv 1906, tom qab nws txiv tuag, nws tsiv mus rau Moscow nrog nws niam thiab cov muam. Rau lub active kev nom kev tswv txoj hauj lwm ob peb lub sij hawm xa mus rau tsev lojcuj. Xaus lub Stroganov School. Thaum tseem muaj ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv pib ib futuristic txoj kev Mayakovsky. Satire - nrog rau shocking thiab bravado - ua lub txwm ntawm nws cov paj huam.

Txawm li cas los, Futurism, nrog nws cov nihilistic tawm tsam yuav tsis qoos haum rau tag nrho cov quab yuam ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv cov lus ntawm Mayakovsky, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm nws cov kwv huam sai sai pib mus tshaj lub xaiv cov kev taw qhia. Ntau thiab ntau cov neeg uas lawv yuav tau hnov nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug subtext. Pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Mayakovsky lub paj huam muaj ob cov chaw: accusatory, ib tug satirical, qhib tag nrho cov shortcomings thiab tsis xws luag ntawm Tsarist Russia; neeg tuag taus, ua raws li los ntawm cov phev heev tiag txav ib tug neeg uas embodies tus zoo tagnrho ntawm kev cai ywj pheej thiab tib neeg.

Yog li, lub satire nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv lub heev thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm creativity tau ua tus txwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug koom txawj rhiav.

Yuav ua li cas yog Futurism?

Lo lus "Futurism" yog muab los ntawm lub Latin futurum, lub ntsiab lus "lub neej yav tom ntej." Yog li ntawd hu ua avant-garde kev taw qhia ntawm pib ntawm XX xyoo pua, yus muaj los ntawm qhov tsis kam muab ntawm yav dhau los tau thiab muaj lub siab los tsim ib yam dab tsi radically tshiab nyob rau hauv kos duab.

Nta ntawm Futurism:

• Anarchy thiab ntxeev siab.
• Tsis pom zoo ntawm cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam.
• Sau qoob rau kev kawm thiab kev lag luam.
• Shocking thiab pathos.
• Negation ntawm tus tsim cov kev cai ntawm versification.
• Sim kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm paj huam nrog suab xaus sib dhos, atherosclerosis, kub siab rau slogans.
• Cov creation ntawm tej lo lus tshiab.

Tag nrho cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yuav tsis yuav zoo dua reflected nyob rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky. Satire organically ntws mus rau hauv cov nrhav thiab tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb style xam qhovkev rau cov kws sau paj lug.

Yuav ua li cas yog satire?

Satire - ib txoj kev ntawm artistic piav txog kev muaj tiag, uas nws ua hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv raug lead lom, mockery, nyuaj-ntaus thuam ntawm kev tshwm sim. Satire feem ntau siv hyperbole thiab grotesque los ua ib tug distorted duab ntawm ib zwj ceeb personifying dab tuag sab ntawm kev muaj tiag. Nws lub ntsiab feature - ib tug cov lus hais tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm xwm.

Nkauj orientation ntawm satire yog lub ntsiab qoob ntawm humanistic qhov tseem ceeb: ua siab zoo, kev ncaj ncees, qhov tseeb, kev zoo nkauj.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, satire muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm, cov hauv paus hniav yuav pom twb nyob rau hauv dab neeg, nws tom qab migrated rau lub zos ntawm cov phau ntawv ua tsaug rau lub A. P. Sumarokovu, DI Fonvizin, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv XX xyoo pua lub hwj chim ntawm satire Mayakovsky yog unparalleled nyob rau hauv cov paj huam.

Satire nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub

Twb tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky collaborated nrog lub cov phau ntawv Magazine "Tshiab Satyricon" thiab "Satyricon." Satire ntawm lub Romantic lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug quav hniav thiab yog hais tiv thaiv cov bourgeoisie. Early kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug feem ntau yog muab piv rau Lermontov vim txheem ntawm tus sau "Kuv" lwm tus lub neej, vim pronounced ntxeev siab kho siab. Txawm tias lawv kom meej meej qhia ib tug satire ntawm Mayakovsky. Verses nyob ze futuristic nqis, heev tseem cia nrog. Ntawm lawv yog cov no: "Nov koj yog!", "Hymn rau tus paub txog", "Hymn rau tus kws txiav txim," "Hymn mus noj hmo," thiab lwm yam Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub heev title ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov "zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv", hnov lub irony ...

Post-revolutionary creativity Mayakovsky dheev hloov nws orientation. Tam sim no nws cim - tsis zoo-noj bourgeois, thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Kwv huam yog complemented los ntawm banners thiab phiaj los nqis tes zog, xav surrounding hloov. Muaj kws sau paj lug muaj pov thawj raws li artist, vim muaj ntau ua hauj lwm muaj txoj kab thiab duab. Cov zog tau muab ntaus rau hauv ib tug series ntawm "qhov rais LOJ HLOB". Lawv cim - irresponsible peasants thiab neeg ua hauj lwm, lub ntsiab thiab lub bourgeoisie. Muaj ntau zog tsis yuav tus vices ntawm peb lub sij hawm, uas tseem los ntawm lub neej dhau los, raws li cov post-revolutionary haiv neeg Mayakovsky nkawd zoo tagnrho, thiab tag nrho cov kev phem uas nyob rau hauv nws - lub remnants ntawm yav dhau los.

Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm, uas nce mus txog nws qhov kawg nkaus satire Mayakovsky - paj huam "Prozasedavshiesya", "Nyob rau lub thoob khib nyiab" "Paj Huam ntawm lub tua tsiaj ntawm Baba thiab ib tug dav scale." Cov kws sau paj lug siv cov grotesque los tsim absurd lub sijhawm thiab feem ntau ua nrog kev txawj ntse txaus thiab cov kev nkag siab ntawm kev muaj tiag. Tag nrho cov hwj chim ntawm satire Mayakovsky aimed ntawm raug lead lom raug thiab deformities ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Satire nyob rau hauv lub plays

Satire nyob rau hauv Mayakovsky lub creativity tsis yog tas rau cov kwv huam, nws manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, ua rau lawv kev txiav txim zoo-center. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - nws yog "Kab laum" thiab "da dej."

Cov kev ua si "Banya" sau nyob rau hauv 1930, thiab txij thaum lub ntsiab txhais ntawm nws ib hom ntawv nyeem pib tus sau irony, "ib tug ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv rau cov kev ua nrog ib tug circus thiab foob pob hluav taws." Hla nws yog nyob rau hauv lus tsis sib xws rau cov nom Pobedonosikova thiab inventor Chudakov. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, cov khoom yog dab tsi yooj yim thiab kev lom zem, tab sis nws yog ib tug tawm tsam nrog cov senseless thiab ruthless bureaucracy. plays qhov teeb meem yog daws heev tsuas: los ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tuaj txog "phosphoric poj niam" thiab yuav siv sij hawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tib neeg nrog nws muaj, qhov muaj yog communism, thiab bureaucrats nyob twj ywm nrog tsis muaj dab tsi.

Cov kev ua si "Kab laum" sau nyob rau hauv 1929, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub zos Mayakovsky waging tsov rog tawm tsam philistinism. Lub protagonist, Pierre Skripkin, tom qab ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam sib txuj ci tseem ceeb ntog mus rau hauv lub communist neej yav tom ntej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom meej meej to taub txoj kev sib raug mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Mayakovsky. Satire kws sau paj lug mercilessly ridicules nws cov flaws: lub chaw ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm cov cav tov, hlub eradicated ... Skripkin no mas, feem ntau ciaj sia thiab muaj tseeb txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj haiv neeg maj pib mus ua txhaum down.

xaus

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky los ua ib tug tsim nyog successor ntawm kab lig kev cai ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin, thiab N. V. Gogolya. Cov kwv huam thiab plays nws tswj los yog qhia hais tias tag nrho cov "tawm" thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub neej niaj hnub sau ntawv. Satire nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Mayakovsky muaj ib tug qhia kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub sib ntaus tawm tsam philistinism, lub bourgeoisie, lub bureaucracy, lub absurdity ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws cov kev cai.